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Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical, as applied and relating to the Arts and Manufactures. By Dr. Sheridan Muspratt, F.R.S.E., M.R.I.A., &c., &c. Glasgow: Mackenzie.

THE completion of one division or volume of this important work has enabled us to judge, with tolerable certainty, of what it is likely to be when completed. From a careful examination of this division, we feel justified in expressing our belief, that it will prove one of permanent value and interest. We have seldom met with a performance of the kind which so thoroughly deals with the topics upon which it treats, which places before us so fully all that the reader may reasonably expect to find, or which so fairly represents the actual state of an advancing science.

The work is correctly described on its title-page. It is neither a manual of chemistry, nor a chemical dictionary. The contents are arranged alphabetically, and many of the articles are perfect treatises upon their particular subjects. The completeness of such articles is surprising; and, where requisite, an ample supply of illustrative woodcuts are given. The following extract, although inadequately brief, will give some idea of the curious information in which the work abounds :

"BUTTER. Though butter may be considered as one of the most common of all ordinary things, yet the ancients were nearly, if not entirely, ignorant of its existence. The older translators of Hebrew seemed to think that they had met with it in Scripture, but most modern biblical critics agree that what was formerly interpreted 'butter' signified 'milk or cream, or, more properly, 'sour thick milk.' The word referred to plainly alludes to a liquid, as it appears that the substance meant was used for washing the feet, and that it was imbibed, and had an intoxicating influence. It is well known that mares' milk, when sour, has a similar effect. Those acquainted with the authorized version of the Bible would infer, on reading the thirtieth chapter of Proverbs, that butter was prepared by shaking or beating; the original, however, signifies 'pressing or squeezing,' evidently meaning milking, and not the making of butter.

"Herodotus, in his account of the Scythians, makes obscure mention of butter. This is the oldest reference known.”

Of the more strictly scientific articles we cannot profess to give any specimens. To manufacturers the work will prove of great importance; and to all who may desire to study the rationale of the chemical processes involved in the arts and in manufactures, Dr. Muspratt has provided a work which will at once meet their wants, and greatly add to his own reputation.

INDEX.

Abernethy, John, Memoirs of, 44-his
youth, 57-his apprenticeship, 57-is
elected Assistant-Surgeon to St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospital, 58-professional in-
fluence of John Hunter, 59-his lectures
and writings, 59-his marriage, 60-
his character as a lecturer, 61-his faults
of manner, 63-uprightness of his cha-
racter, 63-his great reputation, 65-
his eccentricities, 65-resigns his ap-
pointment at St. Bartholomew's, 66-
his death, 66

Addison, Joseph, account of his father, 100
-his boyhood, 101-his Latin poems,
102 becomes Fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, Oxford, 103-his verses on Dry-
den, 103-his translations, 104-takes
a Master's degree, 105-travels on the
Continent, 107-his letters to Edward
Wortley Montagu, 107--his Continental
comments, 109-his father's death, 110
-writes "The Campaign," 112—is ridi-
culed by Pope, 112-is appointed Under-
Secretary of State, 114-considered as a
political prophet, 115-is made Secre-
tary for Ireland, 115-contributes to the
"Tatler" and "Spectator," 116-as a re-
former of manners, 117-comparison of
Johnson with, 118-his "Cato," 119-
is elevated to the post of Secretary of
State, 120-his marriage with the Count-
ess of Warwick, 120-his illness, 120-
his last moments, 121-his death, 121
Albigenses or Cathari, 1-distinct from the

"

Vaudois, 3-only known literary relic of,
5-their origin, 9-massacre of the, in
Macedonia, 12-recently discovered ri-
tual of the, 19-cruelty of the Crusaders
towards the, 22-power of the, in the
South of France, in the twelfth century,
23-massacre of the, at Beziers, 27-
and at Carcassonne, 27-Crusade of Si-
mon de Montfort against the, 28-their
persecution by Louis VIII., 31-by Louis
IX. and Raimond VII., 31-their reta-
liation on their persecutors, 34-are
burnt at Agen, 34-are persecuted in
the South of France, 35-in the North
of France, 36-in Spain, 36-in Ger-
many, 36-in Italy, 36-are driven out
of Florence, 37-their decline and ex-
tinction, 40

A Month before the Camp at Sebastopol "
reviewed, 203. See Russia.
Animal Organization: great increase in the
number of observers in physical science,
351-Karl Linné, 353-Hunter's Mu-
seum, 357-Sir Everard Home, 358-
Lamarck and Lacepède, 359-subordina-
tion of physiological organs, 361-re-
storations and homologies, 363-Owen
on the pleurapophysis, 367-the nervous
system, 368-brilliant discoveries of Bell
and Hall, 369-defence of eminent dis-

coverers, 371-Dr. Carpenter's claims as
a discoverer, 872-Von Baer and Owen,
373 infusorial monads, 374- Von
Baer's law, 375-future prospects of the
physical sciences, 377

Art, the science and poetry of, 403-typi-
cal or ideal character of beauty, 405-
subtle perceptions of art-genius, 407—
education of the eye, 407-beauty of the
Grecian sculptures, 408-association of
religion and the arts, 411-the realizing
power of imagination, 413-beauties of
Raffaelle, 414-a picture of the mind,
413-Mozart, 416-the Madonna of the
Dresden Gallery, 417-Greek Art, 419
-the Parthenon, 421

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Ashley Cooper" impostors, account of
the, 48

Becon, Thomas, his Works reviewed, 289.
See Reformation.

Bernays, Dr., his "Household Chemistry

reviewed, 425. See Chemical researches.
Body-snatchers, their proceedings exposed,
50-anecdote of, 52

Brief Literary Notices :- Coulthard's
Sphere and Duties of Government, 260

Kirkus's Christianity, Clark's Out-
lines of Theology, 262-Earl of Carlisle's
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, 263
-Smyth's Mediterranean, 264-Pres-
sense's Le Rédempteur, 265-Matter's
Histoire des Doctrines morales et poli-
tiques des trois derniers Siècles, 267-
Hand-Book of French Literature, 270—
Amerika, 270-Die Verhandlungen des
Siebenten Deutschen Evangelischen Kir-
chentages zu Frankfurt am Main im
September, 1854, 271-Tatham's Dream
of Pythagoras, 273-Arnold's Poems,
274 Ruther's Haymakers' Histories,
275-Gonge's Golden Age, 276-Dent's
Thoughts and Sketches in Verse, 277--
Blakey's History of Political Literature,
277-Marquis de Custine's Russia, Spen-
cer's Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea, and
Circassia, The Englishwoman in Russia,
277-Leech's Pictures of Life and Cha-
racter, Doyle's Foreign Tour of Messrs.
Brown, Jones, and Robinson, 278-The
Restoration of Belief, 281-Rippon's
Capital Punishment, 282-Proctor's
History of the Book of Common Prayer,
282-Farmer's Tonga and the Friendly
Islands, 283-Boner's Cain, 284-
Forbes's Literary Papers, 284-Fabiola,
284-Montgomery's Popery in Great
Britain and Ireland, 285-Kingsmill's
Prisons and Prisoners, 285-Horne
Tooke's Study of Language, 286--Bart-
lett's Jerusalem Revisited, 286-Fair-
holt's Dictionary of Terms in Art, 287
-Sharpe's Notes on the Old and New
Testaments, 287-Excelsior, 287-Me-
moir of the Rev. Joseph Entwisle, 287

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-Fullom's Marvels of Science, 288-
Headley's Sketches of the Women of
the Bible, 288-Robson's Constructive
Greek Exercises and Reading Lessons,
Robson's Constructive Latin Exercises
and Reading Lessons, 288-Alison's
History of Europe, 521- Lanfrey's
L'Eglise et les Philosophes au 18 Siècle,
525-Girardin's Cours de Littérature
Dramatique, 528-Herzog's Real-Ency-
clopädie, für Protestantische Theologie
und Kirche, 530-Der Weg zu Christo,
532-Hay's Harmonic Law of Nature,
533 Tucker's Southern Cross and
Southern Crown, 536-Brock's Ser-
mons, 537-Catalogue of the Irish Ex-
hibition, 539-Pirret's Ethics of the
Sabbath, 540-Collected Works of Du-
gald Stewart, 540-Roget's Thesaurus
of English Words and Phrases, 541-
Bayne's Christian Life, 542-M'Burnie's
Errors of Infidelity, 543-Bland's Reply
to Dr. Cumming, 544-Maury's Phy-
sical Geography of the Sea, 544-Cal-
derwood's Philosophy of the Infinite,
546-Remains of the Hon. and Rev.
Somerville Hay, 548-Arthur's People's
Day, 548-Treatise on Practical Mathe-
matics, 549-Bouchier's Manna in the
Heart, 550-Cumming's Urgent Ques-
tions, 550-Cornwell and Fitch's Sci-
ence of Arithmetic, 550-Alliott's Psy-
chology and Theology, 551-Bible Teach-
ing, 551-Champion's Life's Holidays
illuminated, 552-Refutation of Spinoza
by Leibnitz, 552-Ogilvie's Imperial
Dictionary, 553-Spencer's Pastor's
Sketches, 554-Tennent's Wine: its
Use and Taxation, 555-The British
Workman, 555-Kingsley's Glaucus,
556-Douglass's Passing Thoughts, 556
-Constable's Miscellany of Foreign Li-
terature, 557-Ferrier's Institutes of
Metaphysics, 558-Holden's Natal, 560
-Tait's Meditationes Hebraicæ, 561— |
Guizot's Meditations and Moral Reflec-
tions, 562-Muspratt's Chemistry, 564
British costume, an account of, 122-in-
congruities in, 124-fifty years ago con-
trasted with the present time, 125-cu-
riosities of, 127-medieval barber-ism,
129-Stubbs's anecdotes of, 130-ab-
surdities in head-dress, 131-Pepys's
anecdotes of, 132-the Bloomer cos-
tume, 133-evils of tight lacing, 134—
remarks on bonnets, 137-on boots,
shoes, and collars, 141
Buffon, account of, 356

Bunsen's "Hippolytus and his Age" re-
viewed, 142. See Latin Christianity.
Carpenter's "General and Comparative
Principles of Physiology" reviewed, 351.
See Animal Organization.
Cathari. See Albigenses.

Chemical researches in common life, 425
-Sir Thomas Browne, 427-his shrewd
discrimination, 429-our pioneers of po-
pular research, 431-the Royal Society

|

and Vernetti, 432-atmospheric balance
of gases, 433-meteorology, 434-the
Lawson observatory, 435-diversity of
colour in water, 437-comparative purity
of water, 438-Geological science, 439
-exhaustion and improvement in soils,
440-bread, 442-varieties of human
sustenance, 445-starch, 446-fat, 447
-general remarks, 448

Chevreul's "Principles of Harmony and
Contrast of Colours" reviewed, 122.
See British costume.
Christianity, historical basis of, 145-de-
velopment of, 147-early, Greek, 151–
idiosyncrasy of Greek, 157-differences
between Eastern and Western, 159-
extension of, 165-progress of real, 177
Church of Rome, opposition to, in the
twelfth century, 13-hostility to, in the
South of France, 15

Colour, phenomena of, 135
Cooper, Bransby B., his "Life of Sir Ast-
ley Cooper" reviewed, 44
Cooper, Sir Astley, Memoir of, 44—his
early life, 46-his marriage, 47-his vast
practice in the city, 47-removes west-
ward, 54-his enormous income, 51–
is created a Baronet, 54-retirement
from the profession, 54-removes to
Hemel Hempstead, 55-resumes
practice, 55-his last illness, 55-de-
cease, 55-his scientific character, 55
Coverdale, Myles, his Works reviewed, 289.
See Reformation.

his

Cranmer, Thomas, his Writings reviewed,
289. See Reformation.

Cunitz, Professor, his "Catharic Ritual"
reviewed, 1. See Albigenses.
Cunningham, Peter, his edition of "John-
son's Lives of the Poets" reviewed, 99.
See Addison.

Curier, his valuable discoveries, 360-his
investigations of fossils, 362-discarded
Oken's discoveries, 365
D'Aubigné's "History of the Reformation
of the Sixteenth Century" reviewed, 289
-his "Religious Liberty from Christian
Points of View" reviewed, 377-letter
to, "On the Principles of Religious Li-
berty as it is understood in Germany,"
reviewed, 377

Davy, Dr., his "West Indies before and
after Emancipation" reviewed, 478. See
West-India Question.

D'Israeli, quoted, 114

Dualism, spread of, among the Sclavonians,
11
Dualists, their origin, 11-estimate of
their number in Italy, 37

Fairholt, F. W., his "Costume in Eng-

land" reviewed, 122. See British cos-
tume.

Félice, Dr., his "History of the Protest-
ants of France" reviewed, 448. See
Protestants of France.

Gilfillan, Mr. George, his "Third Gallery of
Portraits" reviewed, 179-his "Bards
of the Bible" reviewed, 179-his preten-

INDEX.

sions, 181-his style and address, 185-
his treatment of Chalmers, Hall, and Ir-
ving, 186-his various criticisms, 189, |
et seq.-his opinion of Mr. Hallam, 193

-

-of Mr. Macaulay, 194-of Mr. Burke,
195-of Plato, 197-his pretensions and
profanity, 199-Bishop Lowth, 201-
general remarks, 202

Hahn, Dr. C. U., his "History of the New
Manichæan Heretics" reviewed, 1. See
Albigenses.

Hair, ludicrous style of dressing the, 130
Hallam's "History of the Literature of
Europe during the Fifteenth, Sixteenth,
and Seventeenth Centuries" reviewed,
289. See Reformation.

Herbert, Mr. Sydney, his "Speech on the
Conduct of the War" reviewed, 203.
See Russia.

Hollweg, M. de Bethmann, his Letter to

D'Aubigné reviewed, 378

Homer, his great descriptive powers, 410
Hurter, his "History of Pope Innocent
III." reviewed, 1. See Albigenses.
Inquisition established, 31-remedial mea-
sures of the, 33-unpopularity of the,
35-awful frequency of suicide in the
dungeons of the, 35-introduction of,
into Lombardy, 37-resistance of the
Ban of Bosnia to the, 39

Jackson's "Life of Dr. Newton" reviewed,
329. See Newton.

Johnston, James, his "Chemistry of Com-
mon Life" reviewed, 425. See Chemical
researches.

Latin Christianity, its external and internal
history, 142-mythology of, in the Mid-
dle Ages, 149-rise of, 153-deteriora-
tions and corruptions of, 169-Milman's
notices of, 171-its influence on early
jurisprudence, 173-its connexion with
art, 174

Layard, A. H., his "Speech on the Pro-
spects of the War" reviewed, 203. See
Russia.

Liberia, 507-its bearing upon Slavery, 509
-evidence of progress, 511-Monrovia,
511-exports, 514-climate, 514-Si-
erra-Leone and Liberia, 515-Sinou,
Bassa-Cove, and Fishtown, 516-the
Slave Trade, 517-Colonization Soci-
eties, 519

Linnæus, his early love of plants, 352-

his classification and nomenclature, 355
Luther, quoted, 380

Macaulay, Mr., exaggerates the resources
of Rome, 41-quoted, 388
Macilwain, George, his "Memoirs of Aber-
nethy" reviewed, 44
Macqueen's "The War; Who's to Blame ?"
reviewed, 203. See Russia.
Meaux, treaty of, 31

Merrifield, Mrs., her "Dress as a Fine
Art" reviewed, 112. See British
costume.

Milman's "History of Latin Christianity

reviewed, 142. See Latin Christianity.
Montfort, Simon de, his Crusade against

567

the Albigenses, 28-besieges Toulouse,
30-his defeat and death, 30
Newton, Rev. Dr., his birth, 329-conver-
sion of his father, 330-his own conver-
sion, 331-enters the Wesleyan Minis-
try, 333-his great popularity, 334-
his extraordinary labours, 337-his con-
duct in time of trial, 343-diversity in
unity, 345-his self-denial, 348-the
Itinerant Ministry, 349-general re-
marks, 350

Oken, his discoveries, 365

Owen, Professor, his "Lectures on the
Anatomy and Physiology of the In-
vertebrate Animals," "Archetypes and
Homologies of the Vertebrate Ske-
leton," and "Nature of the Limbs,"
reviewed, 351. See Animal Organiza-
tion.

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'Papers and Reports of the Anti-Slavery
Society" reviewed, 478. See West-India
Question.

Papers relating to the Affairs of the Is-
land of Jamaica" reviewed, 478. See
West-India Question.

Planche's "History of British costume'
reviewed, 122. See British costume.
Prisons of the Continent, an account of the,
67-of Geneva, 69-of Lausanne, 71—
of France, 71-dispatches of prisoners
to Toulon and Brest, 75-the New Bi-
cêtre, 75-treatment of prisoners at the
bagnes, 77—prison employment at Tou-
lon, 79-prison work and food, 81-the
maisons centrales, 83-their defects, 87

-the maisons de correction, 90-Rus-
sian punishments, 93-Russian repug-
nance to prisons, 95-Swedish system of
punishment, 96-Danish prisons, 97-
Dutch and Italian systems, 97
Pomare, Queen, account of, 392
Popular Criticism, 179. See Gilfillan.
Protestants of France, 448-introduction
of Reformed doctrines into France, 449
-persecution of the Reformed, 450-
heresy made a civil offence, 451-burning
of Anne Dubourg, 452-the conspiracy
of Amboise, 453-the Conference of
Poisy, 454-the wars of religion, 455-
Peace of Longjumeau, 456-murder of
the Prince of Condé, 457-Coligny's
confidence in God, 457-Massacre of
St. Bartholomew, 458-effect of the
Massacre on Europe, 459-character of
Henry III., 460-the Guises and the
Valois, 461-assassination of Henry III.,
461-accession of Henry IV., 462-the
Edict of Nantes, 463-policy of the
Huguenots, 465-renewed persecution,
467-fall of La Rochelle, 469-termi-
nation of the religious wars, 469-im-
portance of the services of the Reformed,
470-increased severities, 471-Revoca-
tion of the Edict of Nantes, 471-frightful
scenes of cruelty, 472-the Refugees in
England, 473-loss to France, 474-the
Refugees in Spitalfields, 476-concluding
remarks, 476

culty of the Eastern Question, 216—reli-
gious aspect of the war, 217-freedom of
Christian Churches in Turkey, 219-the
Church in Russia an instrument of the
State, 220-the "Holy Places," 221-
battle of Oltenitza, 222-the intrench-
ments of Kalafat, 223-Omar Pacha's
strategy, 223-Paskiewitsch and Gort-
schakoff, 224-the victory of Citate, 225
-impossibility of a successful attack on
Kalafat, 226-moral effect of the victory
of Citate, 226-the siege of Silistria, 227
-Silistria and Sebastopol compared, 229
-landing of the Allies at Gallipoli, 230
-delays and mismanagement, 231-
importance of time in war, 233-sailing
of the Allied fleets from Varna, 235-
landing at Old Fort, 234-battle of the
Alma, 236-attack on Sebastopol, 239
-fight of Balaklava, 240-battle of In-
kermann, 242-attack of the Russians
on Eupatoria, 246-their defeat, 246—
disasters and sufferings during the win-
ter, 248-who is to blame? 249-our
Allies, 251-perfidy of Prussia, 256-
Austria's obligations to Russia, 257-
death of Nicholas, 258-the future, 259
Schmidt, C., his "History and Doctrine of
the Sect of the Cathari or Albigenses'
reviewed, 1. See Albigenses.
Socrates, quoted, 424
Somerset, proud Duke of, anecdote of the,
111

Raoul-Rochette, his "Lectures on Ancient
Art" reviewed, 403. See Art.
Reformation, the, its influence upon Eng-
lish literature, 289-the modernization
of Europe, 290-ancient political Pro-
testantism of England, 291-what re-
formed England? 293-classical litera-
ture, 295-study of the ancient languages
in England, 297-classical pursuits of the
Universities, 298-decline of scholastic
philosophy, 299-influence of the Court
upon learning, 301-abolition of monas-
teries, 302-destruction of the conven-
tual libraries, 302-Erasmus's Greek
Testament, 303-and opposition of the
Papacy to, 304-Tyndale and the New
Testament, 305-Mr. Hallam's stric-
tures, 307-controversial stage of the Re-
formation, 309-literary character of
Cranmer, 310-style of thought and
writing in the sixteenth century, 313-
great preachers of the Reformation, 315
-More, Elyot, and Ascham, 317-in-
fluence of the Reformation on poetic art,
318-religious versicles, 323-formation
of the English drama, 324-moralities
or interludes, 327-tragedies, 328-
amusements at Court, 328, note
Religious intolerance, the principle of, 378
-the Kirchentag, 378-Pourtales and
D'Aubigné, 379-the Homburg Confer-
ence, 379-intolerance to be studied at
Rome, 381-infallibility has a right to
persecute, 383-systematic condescen-
sion of the Jewish law, 385-comparison
of Romish and Hebrew legislation, 387-
Romanism a relapse into Judaism, 389-Weiss, Professor, his " History of the
results of civil interference, 391-analogy
between civil and religious liberty, 393-
principle of persecution abstract, 395-
relative importance of abstract principles,
397-by what right intercede for suffer-
ing brethren? 399-burning of Bartho-
lomew Legate, 400-intolerance of ad-
vocates of religious liberty, 401
Reuss, Professor, his "Vaudois and Catha-
ric Versions of the Bible" reviewed, 1.
See Albigenses.

Ridley, Nicholas, his Works reviewed, 289.
See Reformation.

Rio, his "Poetry of Christian Art" re-
viewed, 403. See Art.

Romish supremacy, Cyprian's estimate of,
155

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Russia, the war with, 203-importance of
the command of the Euxine, 205-policy
of the war, 206-the "balance of power,'
207-encroachments of Russia, 208-
claims of the Circassians, 209-Lord
Palmerston's opinion of the strength of
Russia, 209 despoliation of Sweden,
209-partition of Poland, 210-Russian
encroachments upon Turkey, 211-the
Treaties of Kainardji, Yassi, and Adrian-
ople, 212-natural defences of Russia,
213-material guarantees, 215-diffi-

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Stahl, Dr., quoted, 393, 394
Stephen's "Lectures on the History of
France" quoted, 463, note.

French Protestant Refugees" reviewed,
448. See Protestants of France.
West-India Question, the, 478-condition
of the West Indies, 478-decline of pros-
perity, 479-ruin of the original pro-
prietors, 480-Lord Goderich, 481-
St. Domingo, 481-absenteeism, 482--
how it works, 483-improvidence of the
planters, 484-heavy expense of slave
labour, 484-neglect of improvements,
485-the Apprenticeship scheme, 486-
the memorable 1st of August, 487-im-
positions of the planters, 489-good con-
duct of the Negroes, 491-they become
settlers, 493-success of Emancipation,
494-refutation of the charge of Negro
indolence, 496-increase in the value of
colonial property, 496-Hill Coolies, 498
-protective duties, 501-sugar, 503-
general remarks, 506
William of Tudela, his "History of the
Crusade against the Albigenses re-
viewed, 1. See Albigenses.
Wolowski, M. L., his "Revue de Législa
tion et de Jurisprudence" reviewed, 67
Wordsworth, Dr. Christopher, his "St.
Hippolytus and the Church of Rome in
the Third Century" reviewed, 142
Writers, mistakes of great, 105

LONDON :-PRINTED BY WILLIAM NICHOLS, 82, LONDON-WALL.

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