ences between railroads and the State, and the long pending suits in the Federal courts were thereby concluded.

In the primary elections of 1914 four candidates offered for governor. These were B. B. Comer, Charles Henderson, Walter D. Seed, and Captain Reuben F. Kolb. In the first primary Mr. Comer had nearly twelve thousand more votes than Mr. Henderson, his nearest competitor, but the State Democratic Executive Committee had ruled that the nominee must have a majority of the votes cast. Mr. Comer did not have the majority. In the second primary election Mr. Seed and Mr. Kolb withdrew, and Mr. Comer was beaten by Mr. Henderson by a majority of nearly twelve thousand.

Gov. Charles Henderson

The newly elected Legislature made laws to re-establish State-wide prohibition, to forbid newspapers carrying whiskey advertisements, and to submit to a vote of the people an amendment to the constitution for local taxation for schools. It then adjourned to meet again in August, 1915.

Peace and prosperity abound. Let us hope that they will be perpetual.

SUMMARY

Under the constitution of 1901 the State has increased its railroad mileage, developed its coal and iron mines, improved its schools, and stepped far to the front in scientific farming. Its population, by the census of 1910, was 2,138,493.

QUESTIONS

1. In what ways were railroad methods unsatisfactory, and what remedy was proposed? 2. Give a brief sketch of the railroad commission and its work. 3. What were the important events of Governor Jelks' administration? 4. Give an account of Mr.

B. B. Comer's election as railroad commissioner, and of his work on the commission. 5. Describe the candidates and issues in the election of 1906. 6. What two senators died in 1907, and how were their places filled? 7. What important bills were passed by the legislature during the term of Governor Comer? 8. Give an account of the contest between the State and the railroads. 9. How did the people vote on the "good roads" and "prohibition" amendments to the constitution? 10. Who were candidates for nomination for governor in the Democratic primary election of 1910? 11. What are the important things in the administration of Governor O'Neal? 12. Who was nominated for governor in the primary election of 1914?

ALABAMA IN LITERATURE

While it is impossible to give other than a brief treatment of Alabama literature,* it will be pleasant to note a few of the authors whose pens have helped to enrich it. No claim

I will be laid to James McPherson who compiled the poems of Ossian, and who for. many years was governor-general of the Floridas; nor shall there be credited to Alabama anything that has not been inspired by the literary spirit of the nineteenth century. Although the quantity

Thomas McAdory Owen

of Alabama literature is small, its quality is excellent and its character varied.

To appreciate thoroughly what Alabama has to its literary credit one must see the Bibliography of Alabama, by Thomas McAdory Owen. This work appeared in the Annual Report of the American

*It is suggested that the use of "Alabama in Literature" as a text be deferred until the pupil begins the study of literature in the high school.

Historical Association for the year 1897. Nothing else so helpful to the student of Alabama history and literature has been published. It is a monument to the broadening spirit of State culture, and will give Alabama a more honorable place in the world of letters.

Among the other valuable works of Dr. Owen may be mentioned A Bibliography of Mississippi, Annals of Alabama from 1819 to 1900, which brings up to the beginning of this century the History of Alabama by Albert James Pickett, Report of the Alabama History Commission, volumes of Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, a volume of the Gulf States Historical Magazine, and successive volumes of the Alabama Official and Statistical Register. He has also written many interesting articles bearing on the histories of families and military commands, and on other matters affecting the State. He is the Director of the Department of Archives and History for the State of Alabama, and he has gathered and arranged for the student of Alabama history a vast amount of historical records, such as old newspaper files, maps, letters, speeches, documents, curios, portraits, and pamphlets.

The pens of Alabama authors were at work during its early history. Judge Harry Toulmin discussed the principles of law in a Magistrates' Guide and in a Digest of the Laws of Alabama. In contributions to periodicals throughout the United States, he invited attention to the Southwest.

Some half a hundred prominent writers have engaged in the work of describing the early explora