THE LITERARY EXAMINER. 46 Many of my troops were new; but the new fight well, though they manœuvre ill; better perhaps than many who have fought and bled. As to the way in which some of our ensigns and lieutenants braved danger--the boys just come from school-it exceeds all belief. They ran as at Cricket. When all was over, Blucher and I met at La Maison Rouge. It was midnight when he came; and riding up, he threw his arms round me, and kissed me on both cheeks as I sat in the saddle. I was then in pursuit; and, as his troops were fresh I halted mine, and left the business to him. right in saying that not a page of Shakespeare was without Burgos) he came and walked about and said nothing. At last he 'glaring faults," but we have his enthusiasm on behalf of opened the door, and said as he went out, "Cocks was killed last night." Milton to contrast with the dislike of Fox for the Miltonic Recollections. By Samuel Rogers. Longmans. But two such armies as those at Waterloo have seldom met, if I style in verse or prose. Fox, during the American war, may judge from what they did on that day. It was a battle of giants! It is inevitable that there should be much noteworthy Grattan declared to be the best speaker he had ever heard. a battle of giants! matter in a book like this, meant to contain entries of the "Every sentence came rolling like a wave of the Atlantic, most interesting things said by some of the best men with three thousand miles long.' To this we may add Porwhom Mr Rogers was acquainted. But although notes of son's dictum, also included among these Recollections: "Mr conversation were made with a view to some selection like" Pitt conceives his sentences before he utters them. Mr the present, for which the note-taker had indeed already" Fox throws himself into the middle of his, and leaves it written his own preface; and although Mr Rogers was in" to God Almighty to get him out again." habitual contact with most of the notable men living in Mr Rogers received from Porson, to be copied into his London throughout half a century, his Recollections will note-book, and has included among these recollections a disappoint those who are yet abiding by the old tradition of sharp letter, written in September 1792, to Dr Postle his eminence as a man of taste, a poet, and a wit. Notes thwaite upon the Greek Professorship then open. These of the talk of contemporaries being properly shut out from are its closing paragraphs: this selection, these are the great names illustrated: Fox, Burke, Grattan, Erskine, Talleyrand, Lord Grenville, the Duke of Wellington, Porson, Horne Tooke, and Sir Walter Scott, but of Scott we have only the letter contributed by Mr Rogers to Lockhart's biography. Mr Rogers dwelt on the value of intercourse with men of mark, and recorded in a note that from the eminent men he had known he learnt more than from books. Yet it would almost appear from this volume of Recollections either that the author of the Pleasures of Memory had not an ear for the wisest things said in his presence, or that he had not the faculty of exciting in those who conversed with him expression of their highest thoughts. The same reason which hindered me from keeping my fellowship by the method you obligingly pointed out to me, would, I am greatly afraid, prevent me from being Greek Professor. Whatever concern this may give me for myself, it gives me none for the public. I trust there are, at least, twenty or thirty in the University, equally able and willing to undertake the office, possessed of talents superior to mine, and all of a more complying conscience. This I speak upon the supposition, that the next Greek Professor will be compelled to read lectures; but if the place remains a sinecure, the number of qualified persons will be greatly increased. And though it were even granted, that my industry and attention might possibly produce some benefit to the interests of learning and the credit of the University, that trifling gain would be as much exceeded by keeping the Professorship a sinecure, and bestowing it on a sound believer, as temporal considerations are outweighed by spiritual. Having only a strong persuasion, not an absolute certainty, that such a subscription Of Fox the most prominent facts set before the reader of is required of the Professor Elect, if I am mistaken, I hereby offer these notes are his love of Euripides and Homer, his pre-myself as a Candidate; but if I am right in my opinion, I shall be ference of the Odyssey, his inability to admire Milton, his of you to order my name to be erased from the boards, and I shall easy home ways, and his pleasure in young people. There esteem it a favour conferred on, Sir, Your obliged humble Servant, R. PORSON. are a few good notes, some derived from Lord Holland, Essex court, Oct. 6, 1792. that have already appeared, and there is a fair illustration We have seen Grattan's notion of the pleasure he would Diplomatique. They would not leave me, say what I would.] We [In the day I was for some time encumbered with the Corps supped afterwards together between night and morning, in a spacious tent erected in the valley for that purpose. Pozzo di Borgo was there among others; and, at my request, he sent off a messenger with the news to Ghent; where Louis XVIII breakfasted every morning in a bow-window to the street, and where every morning the citizens assembled under it to gaze on him. When the messenger, a Russian, entered the room with the news, the King embraced him; and all embraced him, and one another, all over the house. An Emissary of Rothschild was in the street; and no sooner did he see these demonstrations than he took wing for London. Not a syllable escaped from his lips at Bruges, at Ostend, or at Margate; nor, till Rothschild had taken his measures on the Stock exchange, was the intelligence communicated to Lord Liverpool. "What a glorious thing must be a victory, Sir!" said ✶ ✶ ✶ to the Duke. The greatest tragedy in the world, Madam, except a defeat." There are passages here which may be applied to incidents that lie among the news of our own day. Here, too, is an opinion expressed twenty years ago of a Statesman on whom England still has reason and occasion to rely: Walking some years ago (about 1838 or 1839) through the park with the Duke of Wellington, I (S.R.) said to him, among other things, "What an array there is in the House of Commons against of the general tone of his talk about literature. Through like to purchase with unbounded wealth. Porson, an uncer-Lord John Russell;-Peel, Stanley, Graham, &c. !” “Lord John is a out we find Mr Rogers ready to set down the easy, halfthoughtless general expressions of opinion that belong in the case of most men to the idleness of talk, as solemnly as if they were deliberate convictions dictated for publication. There are also now and then entries furnishing odd evidence of a wonderment over the slippered ease into which natural men, however eminent, will choose, at proper time, to sink. Sometimes this is expressed pleasantly enough, and yields a distinct touch of character, as when it is recorded that Fox broke from a criticism on Porson's "Euripides to look for the little pigs." The manner of the collection, with much of its value and from the recollections of the talk of Fox: tain sleeper, described his dream of an Elysium on earth Mr Rogers has included in the same page so common- in Himself." Narrative of a Voyage to the Western Indies and Mexico in the Years 1599-1602. With Maps and Illustrations. By Samuel Champlain. Translated from the Original and Unpublished Manuscript, with a Biographical Notice and Notes, by Alice Wilmere. Edited by Norton Shaw. Printed for the Hakluyt Society. Samuel Champlain was born in Brouage, during the second half of the sixteenth century. During his early life he fought bravely in the army of Henri Quatre and won There are many mots in this volume which are now a some of its defect, is illustrated by the succeeding extract part of every man's knowledge. Their place is claimed for the favour of the king. After the close of the war in them here because it is said that from Mr Rogers's noteBrittany we know his story from himself. He says that, book they passed through his conversation into the posses- instead of remaining idle, he resolved to proceed to Spain, There is nothing more in favour of wine than the many disagree- sion of society at large. Sometimes the retention even of able substitutes for it which are used in countries where it is not the most familiar is justified by restoration to them of the join in the first expedition to the Western Indies, and get information useful to himself and to the king. His plan sucAfter all Burke was a damned wrong-headed fellow through life- image and the superscription with which they were first ceeded, and its issue is told in this Narrative. Returning always jealous and contradictory. issued from the mint. Many do not know that it was to France in 1602, he was in time to aid the project for No man, I maintain, could be ill-tempered, who wrote so much Judge Ashurst, in a charge, who said, "The law is open to establishing the colony of New France or Canada. Before Perhaps the most original character and most masterly in Shakes- "all men, to the poor as well as the rich," and that it was found; such as betel-root, opium, &c. nonsense as Swift. peare, is Macbeth. It is no where else to be found-exciting our Horne Tooke who observed, "So is the London Tavern." I have no idea of Physiognomy and its rules as to the mind; perhaps right sometimes as to the temper. Lord Redesdale remarkably silly looking man; and so indeed in reality. Pitt, I cannot see any indications of sense in him-did not you know what he is you would not discover any. How delightful to lie on the grass, with a book in your hand all day-Yes-but why with a book? Had liked Virgil best in his youth. 1805. July 17. Set out at eleven with Courtney and a brace of Weymouth trout. Arrived at three. Were met by Mr Fox in the garden. He wore a white hat, a light coloured coat, and nankeen gaiters. Gnats very numerous-Cold summer. Meant to resume his history in a fortnight. Hitherto much occupied in letter-writing. In a letter-writing mood wrote to Dr Bardsley of Manchester on the outcry against the common people unjust, while their betters Of Talleyrand there are none but well-known sayings recorded. We may quote, however, this account given by himself of the beginning of his rise after his return from America: his time voyagers had several times visited North America, but with no fortunate result. The work was waiting for a leader. After many years of exploration and deliberation, the site of Quebec was fixed upon as the chief station, and Champlain, with the title of Lieutenant and conducting colony in July, 1608. His first care was to divide the land, two ship-loads of people and stores, arrived in the new see that it was suitably cleared and built and make upon, sure of provisions for the winter; his second to be friends with the adjacent Indians. This policy led him to assist When I arrived at Paris on my return to France, Madame de Stael the Algenquins in war with the Iroquois, when he won a was very anxious to serve me, and I was introduced by her to Barras, battle by the shore of the Lake Champlain with a single who gave me an invitation to his country house near Marly. I The shot killed two chiefs and wounded another; arrived there very early in the day, and was sitting there alone, when gun-shot. two young men entered the room, and began a discussion, saying, whereupon the enemy, terrified at the new sight and sound, Shall we go, or shall we not? At last they cried, "Allons!" and and at the instant fall of their leaders, fled. Slowly and away they went. Not long afterwards there was great distress in his pamphlet against Bull-baiting. Not against it himself; thought the House. "They had gone to bathe in the Seine, and one of them, steadily the colony advanced under the Lieutenant's man a natural son of Barras (Query) had been drowned. Barras was agement. Missionaries and more settlers came. Some of inconsolable, and all my endeavours to console him, such as they were the idle colonists showed disposition towards mutiny, and (for I returned with him in his carriage to Paris), were of no avail: made violent efforts to bring Champlain into disgrace with Of Burke we have memoranda made by Mrs Crewe, and but they gave him such an impression in my favour, that he rendered the king. Though these were unsuccessful, they led to emme every service he could afterwards, and as long as he lived. He sents him as But the shrewd chief quickly overcame all difficulties. He succeeded in amalgamating the two companies. He sent back to France those settlers who refused to work. He formed alliances with the friendly native tribes. Hostile He (Bonaparte) was with the Army of England at Boulogne, when tribes he checked by his firm dealing, at the cost of very "If it had been mine to place little blood. him, I should have placed him there." In an instant the army was in full march, and he in Paris. I attended him to Strasburg, and On one occasion he was offered, by way of hostage, three was alone with him in the house of the Prefet in one, the young girls to bring up as he chose, and, after serious chambers there--when he fell, and foamed at the mouth. Former thought, took the gift. Of these "virgunculæ indigenæ" la porte," he cried, and from that moment lay as dead on the floor. one appears to have died; the other two he educated care"On ne peut pas entrer." The Empress fully and learned to love as daughters. They appear to he recovered; but what would at pas entrery stun about half an hour have been among the first converts to Christianity, for ho Before day-break he was in his carriage, and in less than six hours quietly states, as a great event, that "Father Lallemand baptised a little savage of only ten or twelve days old," From Napoleon we pass to recollections of the talk of who was buried next day. the Duke: anecdotes by Dr Lawrence. Mrs Crewe, in her notes, repres introduced me to Napoleon, and I came into office almost immediately. barrassment by causing the appearance of a rival company. He always spoke of my kindness on that occasion with a warmth that A great admirer of Swift's humour, particularly in his namby-affected me. pamby letters to Stella, which he always praised for their genuine gracefulness and ease. It being observed that many could not relish them in early life, but had grown to like them afterwards, he said: told: In early life we have generally a serious turn. It is in youth that the reasoning powers are strongest, though the stock is then too small he heard of Mack's being at Ulm. to make any show with. The imagination becomes strongest after youth; for however ready it is to come forward, it cannot be exercised without a stock of knowledge. Were I rich, and could I live as I please, I should have no wish for a fine house or fine furniture (I would rather not have them, I should be afraid of hurting them) or pictures-they give me no pleasure. I would have no fine gardens or conservatories. I love the fruit; but I would have no fine gardener to criticise me, and tell me I was doing wrong, or walking awkwardly-I should love a wide Soldier. expanse I would have bands of music-I love music-I would have a carriage for use, and fine horses, but not for riding-I love to go In 1628 there, being war between England and France, oldDon't drink of that Well," said a Spanish Woman to an English one David Quer or Kerr came with a fleet and claimed pos"Is it poisoned?" Some Frenchmen are there, be session. The Lieutenant returned answer that "he was replied, " and more than you can count." Whenever a Frenchman" sure Quer would respect him much more for defending came and looked into it, she sent him in, headlong. "himself, than for abandoning his charge without first When he returned, he said, "I have seen nothing. Nothing but here he would await his attack. But the failure of supplies, both making trial of the English guns and batteries," and that and there little clusters of men in confusion, some cooking, some in food and powder, reduced his garrison to such extremities washing, and some sleeping." "Then you have seen an army," that, when Kerr returned a year after, he was obliged to converse for a few minutes. But once (it was during the Siege of Europe, found that peace had been established between He (the Duke) would often come into my room when he rose, and abandon the settlement without a struggle. He returned to , when at our head quarters in Spain, wished to see an army,.. and I gave directions that he should be conducted through ours. said. 80. THE MUSICAL EXAMINER. MR BENEDICT'S CONCERT. England and France two months before he had made his price places the work within the reach of many households. surrender, and that therefore the act was illegal. After A Naval Lord, in a clever volume, which is of the nature some time, in the course of which he visited the English of a pamphlet five or six hundred pages long, upon the State Court, he succeeded in recovering Canada. He returned of our National Defences, is resolved that England shall for two years and died in 1635, having fairly earned the not, because she feels that she ought to be safe from any title which comrades and successors gave him,-as "the possibility of invasion, jump to the conclusion that she is given last Monday at St James's Hall, and ranked, as Mr "Father of the Colony.' He dwells on the dangers of official incapacity, and Benedict's annual concerts always do, with the most popular His great and already known work, an account of his joins in inviting riflemen to form. He would like also to events of the musical season. The programme included a voyages in New France, is in many ways more valuable than see the power of our navvies as constructors of defensive selection from the Pardon de Ploermel; there were some the earlier one which the Hakluyt Society has now made earthworks organised and tested. The author is a naval favourite solo and part songs by Mr Benedict himself, and public. Yet this also is well worth having. It contains much reformer, full of discontent; and where there has been excess Miss Clara Novello introduced an air of Bach's, which she useful information, mixed up with stories which he himself of indolence to overcome, there can be no harm in excess of has discovered somewhere, and to which her voice gives was too wise to believe in riper days. He tells of dragons, warning. sudden fame. This lady also led in the Ave Maria from with heads like eagles', wings like bats', bodies like lizards', Mr Hans Busk maintains the warning note in a carefully Mendelssohn's Lorely, the gem of the concert. Among and having only two feet. He tells also of the bird of digested volume on the Navies of the World, which is de- the chief features of the entertainment were the pieces enparadise, which, having no feet at all, is continually on the voted chiefly to a comparative survey of the Navies of France trusted to Malle Desirée Artôt, who, by her powers alike of wing. The female lays one egg on the back of the male, and England, founded upon much actual research. Mr expression and of execution, is now winning golden opinions where it rests until it is hatched. Immediately on quitting Busk tells us in his introduction that the shell, the young one starts upon its life-long flight, and only comes to earth when it falls dead. More faithful than these stories are his accounts of the Indians, whom European civilisation has exterminated. in a circle. The greater number of the said Indians, who are not under the domination of the Spaniards, adore the moon as their Deity, and when they desire to perform their ceremonies, they assemble, great and small, in the middle of their villages, and place themselves After they have well sung and danced they place themselves with their faces to the earth, and all at once, they altogether begin to cry out and weep, saying, "Oh! powerful and bright moon, grant that we may conquer our enemies, and may eat them, that we may not fall into their hands; and that, dying, we may go and rejoice with our relatives. Champlain strongly condemned the cruel practices of the Spaniards, and their way of trying "to bring men to the "knowledge of God and the belief of the holy church." They set priests to preach at them in a foreign tongue, and those who absented themselves from this service were hunted down and scourged or burnt at the stake. Not the least interesting portions of this very valuable and very ably edited contribution to geographical history are the quaint copies of some old sketches and maps with which Champlain illustrated his manuscript. Out of the Depths. The Story of a Woman's Life. it could wish. wherever she is heard. In the prosecution of his inquiries, the writer travelled several thou- Mr Benedict will give his other concert on the 4th of FOREIGN AND COLONIAL NEWS, FRANCE. MM. TESTIMONIALS FROM COUNT DE MONTALEMBERT ΤΟ BERRYER AND DUFAURE.-On the occasion of the prosecution of Count de Montalembert, M. Berryer and M. Dufaure declined to With the view, moreover, of fully ascertaining the real capabilities receive any remuneration for the professional services they rendered and present condition of the Navy and arsenals of France, he passed to their distinguished client, probably on the ground that in defending some time at Toulon, at Rochefort, at Lorient, at Brest, and at him they once more defended the liberty of the press and of the sub.. Cherbourg, carefully investigating all that had been done of late years ject-a labour of love with which in other times they were familiar. at those several ports, inspecting the works in progress at each. He M. de Montalembert, appreciating the delicacy of their conduct and was, besides, fortunate enough to obtain access to important and un- the value of their services on that occasion, ordered two statues in published official documents, so as to check the accuracy of oral silver to be made; one of Demosthenes, copied on a small scale from information. By this means he was enabled to ascertain precisely the statue in the Museum of the Vatican; the other of Aristides, on the present strength of the French Marine, the age of every ship, the the model of that in the Museo Borbonico at Naples. The statue of port at which she was built, the number of her guns, and in the case Demosthenes is presented to M. Berryer; that of Aristides to M. of steamers, the horse-power of each. Dufaure. The former bears the following inscription: "Hanc antiqui Demosthenis effigiem Demostheni nostro, PETRO ANTONIO BERRYER, quem patronum ac ultorem habuit The volume is rich in valuable information about ships and guns, which is the more readable for being brief and clear. The Englishman's interest in the subject being very properly taken for granted, Mr Busk tells what he has to tell without circumlocution. Captain Sinclair's Reminiscences of the Royal Navy consist of a sea captain's home talk by the fireside over his old midshipman days, formed into a pleasant little railway book. England and Her Soldiers. By Harriet Martineau. die XXI. Decembris, 1858, Carolus, Comes de Montalembert. "Quid si ipsum tonantem audivisses!'" These last words, spoken by Eschines after his banishment from The words engraved on the statue of Aristides, presented to M JULIO DUFAURE, die XXI. Decembris, MDCCCLVIII.' This book is, we believe, as to its essential character no fiction, but the authentic story of a woman's descent into the lowest depths of degradation, and of her recovery into a pure state of fervent piety. The narrative is written with a sacred purpose, and it is by her religious feeling that the writer has been guided safely through a strangely honest narrative that extends over the most perilous of ground. Our literature does not contain-perhaps no literature contains a story of pollution told so fully, yet so utterly old theme when she reminds us of the sanitary lesson taught Miss Martineau does not revert without necessity to an without offence. The practical use of the book, we fear, in the Crimea to those who are responsible for the will be less than the heart that endured the pain of writing right maintenance of our army. It is a mean consideration, though a true one, that protection against There is a direct sincerity of style that wins the upon reader, and there are half-unconscious touches of character waste mortality arising from neglect of the known laws of that all will feel, and some will know how to appreciate, but the nature leads to a sure saving of money, and that the sanisibility that hurried ou for the unhappy heroine the day of ruin learnt concerning this matter, and how much has even yet narrative is, we fear, an exceptional one. The quick impres-tary physician is one of the best recruiting officers. In her own lucid, earnest way Miss Martineau tells what we have was at last excited to new action. A companion in wretchbeen taught to us in vain. For perfect organisation to edness asked, on her death-bed, to have the Bible read to maintain the health or working power of our soldiers there her. For her the Bible given by a pure friend in old days is alike a moral and a political claim on the heads of our of innocence was taken out of pawn. The Bible was retained. The excited fancy of the Mary Smith, whose army system. Among measures demanded for the national history we are here told, broke loose into terrible dreams of defence, this should be recognised at once as one of the simplest and the most effective. It is well to know that we eternal torment. A strong effort was made. The ginnever had a member of a British Government more actively bottle was forsworn; the stimulants of a rude popular conscious of the class of truths on which Miss Martineau theology were taken in its place, and they proved whole-wisely insists than the gentleman who is now taking his Caraman, and left four sons and four daughters. Of that numerous some medicine. The desperate sustained struggle to recover footing in the world was already begun when helping hands place as War Minister in the new Liberal Administration. of people, wonderfully good, were stretched in aid, and the By Rifle Volunteers. How to Organise and Drill them. THE TWO NEW MARSHALS-The following are some particulars chateau of Sully, in the arrondissement of Autun. He is descended of the military career of the two new Marshals of France: "Count de M'Mahon (Marie-Patrice-Maurice) was born about 1807, at the from an Irish family, which, after living with distinction for many centuries in Ireland, risked all for the last of the Stuart Kings. The M'Mahons, carrying their national traditions and historic name to France, mingled their blood by marriage with the old nobility of their adopted country, and obtained with the hand of an heiress the magnificent castle and extensive estates of Sully. The present General's father, the Count de M'Mahon, who was an officer of high rank, a peer of France, a Grand Cross of the Order of St Louis, and a personal friend of Charles X, espoused a lady of the ducal house of family the youngest is the hero of Malakoff and of Magenta. He was educated partly at his father's, and partly at the seminary for young men destined for the priesthood in that city. He afterwards entered the military school at St Cyr, on leaving which, in 1825, he entered the French military service, and in 1830 joined the army of Algeria, where he soon distinguished himself alike by his gallantry and his intelligence. After the combat of the Col de Terchia, in which he was aide-de-camp to General Achard, the latter said to him, Can you carry to Colonel Rullières, at Blidah, the order to change his march? As the mission is dangerous, I will give you a squadron of light dragoons as an escort. The young officer refused the escort, declaring that it was either too little or too much, and preferred going alone. On arriving at about half a mile from Blidah he saw groups of the enemy's horsemen on each side, as well as behind him; but he Blidab, was a little way in front of him. He there drove his horse, went firmly on, knowing that a deep precipice, called the ravine of a high-blooded animal, at the tremendous chasm, and the animal, Either of these books will be serviceable among the thou-without hesitation, sprang into mid air. The rider held his seat sands of our countrymen now banded as Rifle Volunteers. immovably and escaped unhurt, but was obliged to abandon his Mr Busk has, perhaps, rather more distinctly in view the charger, which had its forelegs broken. Not one of the Arabs venpeaceful citizen whom he is to lead from the daily routine in safety. He rose rapidly through the different grades, and attained tured to take the desperate leap, and the young officer reached Blidah of life into an occasional exercise of military skill, while that of General of Brigade in 1848. For a time he occupied the Captain Black, beginning with the very simplest evolution, position of Governor of the province of Oran, and afterwards of Conshows with especial care how citizens should practise a true stantina, and in 1852 became General of Division. In 1855, when military rifle drill. Yet Mr Busk gives a due share of his by the Emperor to succeed him in the command of a division, and General Canrobert left the Crimea, General M'Mahon was selected space to the details of drill practice, and Captain Black when the chiefs of the allied armies resolved on assaulting Sebastopol, The Navies of the World; their Present State and Future does not neglect to suggest preliminary details of organiza- he had assigned to him the honourable and perilous post of carrying Capabilities. By Hans Busk, M.A., of Trinity Col-tion to the Volunteers. the works of the Malakoff. The manner in which he performed that lege, Cambridge; Author of The Rifle and How to duty is too fresh in the memory of our readers to need mention, and his able conduct at the battle of Magenta has now raised him to the Use It.' With Illustrations. Routledge and Co. VALUE OF A LADY'S PEACE OF MIND IN AMERICA.-The New highest rank in the army. The Marshal married in 1854 MadeReminiscences of the Discipline, Customs, and Usages in York journals last received are occupied with full reports of a trial for moiselle Elizabeth de Castries, daughter of the Marquis de Castries, the Royal Navy, in "the Good Old Times"-1814- breach of promise of marriage at St Louis, which had occupied some and has by her a son born in 1855." The following details relate to 1831. By Captain Archibald Sinclair, R.N. Simpkin, time, and is remarkable from the fact of the large damages awarded his companion in arms: "Count Regnault de Saint Jean d'Angely, Marshall, and Co. by the jury. The lady is a Miss Effie Carstang, a native of New commanding in chief the Imperial Guard, is the son of a distinguished York, and the defendant Mr Henry Shaw, of St Louis, a gentleman officer of the First Empire. He commenced his military career under The general attention now paid to the subject of the counting sixty-five years, and said to be possessed of 1,500,000 dols. that Empire as sub-lieutenant of the 8th Regiment of Hussars. In English Navy makes the new edition of James's Naval The lady laid the loss of her peace, and her prospects of sharing a that regiment he made the campaign of Russia, and was at the battle History very acceptable. It is to be comprised in six well-portion of the 1,500,000 dols., at a sum of 100,000 dols., and the jury of Leipzig. Both in the retreat from Russia and in the battle his brought in a verdict in her favour for the entire amount. Measures regiment suffered severely, and it was by a sort of miracle that he filled octavos, of which two have already appeared, and their were being taken to obtain a new trial. escaped. In 1814 he was attached to the Imperial staff, and was Whatever may be its influence the book is a remarkable one, and as to its main features too clearly authentic to escape public attention. made a captain by the Emperor, for having distinguished himself in presence of his Majesty before Rheims. On the return of Napoleon from the Isle of Elba he was nominated one of his Majesty's orderly officers, and he displayed such marked bravery at the battle of Waterloo that he was made a Chef d'Escadron on the field. After the downfall of Napoleon he was struck out of the army list, but he joined Colonel Fabvier in his expedition to Greece. In 1830 he was restored to his grade of Chef d'Escadron, and was in 1832 appointed Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Lancers. In 1840 he was made of 1848 he commanded a brigade of cavalry, and Marshal Bugeaud Major-General, and in 1848 General of Division. In the Revolution declared of him that he stood by the King to the last. In 1849 he commanded the troops forming the expedition to Rome. Having been elected deputy of the Charente-Inférieure, he joined the party of the Emperor. In 1851 he was for a short time Minister of War. In 1854 he assisted to organise the Imperial Guard, and was appointed to the command of it. He accompanied it to the Crimea. His conduct at Magenta was so distinguished as to procure for him the high honour of being named Marshal." -There are order. Rome. Obituary. prejudice, and would not contribute to strengthen their own position. Ex-MINISTERIAL RECIPIENTS OF THE GARTER AND THE BATH.— If, which God forbid, it should happen otherwise, we shall at all We have reason to believe, says the Times, that her Majesty, as a events have fulfilled a duty of frank and sincere friendship. What-mark of special favour, will confer upon Lord Derby the Order of ever may be the issue of the present complications, the Emperor, our the Garter, and, as there is no Garter vacant, will summon an Extraaugust master, perfectly free in his action, will only be inspired by ordinary Chapter of the Order for that purpose. Her Majesty has the interests of his country and the dignity of his Crown in the de- conferred the Grand Cross of the Bath upon Lord Malmesbury and terminations which his Majesty will be called upon to take.-GORTS- Sir John Pakington. They were gazetted last night. CHAKOFF.-St Petersburg, 15th (27th) May, 1859." OFFICIAL APPOINTMENTS.-The Earl of Haddington to be one of PARMA.-A Government commission had been formed, composed the Scottish University Commissioners, in the room of Earl Stanhope, Italian tricolor with the cross of Savoie to be hoisted on the citadel, Scotland, in the room of Viscount Melgund, resigned. W. Tasker of MM. Cantelli, Bruni, and Armani, which, after ordering the resigned. W. Forbes Mackenzie, Esq., to be unpaid Commissioner and Chairman of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for issued a proclamation announcing that the inhabitants had nothing Smith, Esq., in the room of R. Knox, Esq., deceased, to be Secretary to Austria rather than serve the national cause. more to fear from the Parmese troops, who had preferred going over The document conor Registrar to the mixed British and Portuguese Commission at the cludes with a recommendation to preserve public order, and observe Cape of Good Hope. The Hon. W. Stewart, now Secretary of Legathe laws. Next follows a decree, ordering that all public acts and tion at Rio de Janeiro, to be Secretary of Legation at Naples. George sentences shall be issued in the name of the Government Commission, Brand, Esq., formerly Vice-Consul at Loanda, to be Consul at Lagos. until the Government of Victor Emmanuel shall have decreed other-C. T. Newton, Esq., now Vice-Consul at Mytilene, to be Consul at wise; another decree abrogates the state of siege, and a third mainMISCELLANEOUS FACTS.-The editors of the Paris papers have been tains the corps of gendarmes. The Opinione of Turin states that, in desired to abstain from taking any notice of the killed and wounded accordance with the wishes of Parma and Piacenza, the King has at the battle of Magenta, or of mentioning any names; otherwise appointed Count Pallieri civil governor of the two places. The PRINCE METTERNICH, for forty years one of the most powerful they will be prosecuted for publishing false news.manner in which the Duchess Regent has relinquished her position ministers in Europe, died on Saturday, in his eighty-seventh year. rumours in military circles that the Emperor's return to Paris may in Italy. Her retirement is universally admitted to be rational and bourg and Mayence. In 1790 he obtained the office of Master of the contributes a very striking illustration of the present state of feeling He was born at Coblenz, May 15th, 1773, and was educated at Strasbe looked for soon.- -Favourable accounts are received of the state of the crops in the north of France. The reports which come from dignified. It is contrasted with the sullen withdrawal of the Grand Ceremonies at the coronation of the Emperor Leopold II; in 1794 the south are not less satisfactory.- -The new terminus at Lyons Duke of Tuscany, and the retreat of the Duke of Modena. Before he visited England, became Austrian Ambassador at the Hague; and for the railway to Geneva was opened to the public on the 1st inst. her departure she issued a proclamation invoking the testimony of all in 1795 married the granddaughter and heiress of the well-known Itis situate at the Brotteaux, whence travellers and merchandise leave the inhabitants of the State and of history to her government during minister Kaunitz. His diplomatic career commenced at the Congress regularly for Switzerland.. The iron bridge over the Boulevard the Regency. She intimated a preference for her own" pacific and of Rastadt, where he appeared as a deputy from the Westphalian Mazas, in Paris, for the Vincennes Railway, is now nearly complete. wisely-liberal progress;" but finding herself between two contrary nobility. In 1801 he became Austrian Ambassador at Dresden; and -The Minister of Marine has ordered that a new frigate now requirements on the one side a war of nationality, on the other con- in the winter of 1803-4 was at Berlin, where he negotiated a treaty building shall receive the name of the Magenta.The news of the Ventions by which her State was bound when she assumed the go-between Austria, Prussia, and Russia; and in 1806 was sent as amdefeat of the Derby Ministry was received in Paris with a positive vernment, she has desired to maintain an absolutely neutral conduct.bassador to Paris. In this capacity, in 1807, be concluded the treaty explosion of joy. The result of the division in the House of Com-"It is my duty," she says, "neither to go against the proclaimed of Fontainebleau. On the commencement of the war between Ausmons was known at the opening of the Bourse on Saturday, and pro- wishes of Italy, nor to be wanting in good faith." She puts in a tria and France, in 1809, he hastened to join the Imperial Court at duced a most favourable effect. The Civil Tribunal of the Seine word, reserving intact the rights of her children; but, confessing that Comorn, and after the battle of Wagram succeeded Stadion as Minishas just decided. in a case "Madame X v. the Mayor of the 10th she is not strong enough to struggle against the contrary pressures to ter of Foreign Affairs. Metternich conducted the negotiation which arrondissement," that a foreign woman, legally divorced in her own which she is subjected, and refusing to take part against her purchased a respite for the empire at the price of an archduchess country, cannot during her first husband's lifetime--although he also country, she retires to a neutral territory, awaiting the restoration of completing his work by conducting the second Empress of the French is a foreigner-contract a second marriage in France, where, since to Paris. The decided impulse given by Metternich to the policy of 1816, the law does not permit a divorce under any circumstances GREECE.-Advices have been received from Athens to the 9th Austria in the parley of Dresden and the conferences of Prague, was whatever. The news that Marshal Vaillant was about to return inst. A popular manifestation has taken place before the French the signal of Napoleon's downfall. The 10th of August, 1813, had to France, and that the Minister at War, Marshal Randon, would go Embassy, in celebration of the victories in Italy. The Ambassador, been assigned as the period within which France might accede to the out to Italy to replace him as Major-General of the army, is now on addressing the crowd assembled before his hotel, said that he liberal offers of the Three Powers. That fatal term passed by, and considered certain. General Lahitte is spoken of as likely to be the would not fail to communicate to the Emperor the sympathies of Count Metternich spent the same night in framing the Austrian denew Minister at War. It is stated that the provisions which fell Greece. Another demonstration by the students has taken place, claration of war. A month later the Grand Alliance was signed at into the hands of the allies in Milan, Piacenza, Pavia, Lodi, &c., are who called for public prayers to Heaven for victory to the allies, and Toplitz; and before October had closed, the Emperor Francis raised sufficient to feed their armies for six weeks. the people surrounded the church with loud acclamations. On the him to the dignity of a Prince of the Empire upon the field of Leipzig. occasion of the closing of the Chambers the King declared that he When the Allied armies invaded France, Metternich took an active AUSTRIA. The official Reichsgesetzblatt of Thursday publishes would follow the advice of the protecting Powers, without forgetting part in the management of affairs. He signed the treaty of Paris, and an Imperial decree ordering the payment of interest on the National the honour of his country. Loan during the continuance of the war to be made in bank-notes, with afterwards proceeded on a mission to England, when the University of a premium (agio), instead of in specie. For the period until the end of UNITED STATES.-The Canada has brought accounts to the Oxford conferred on him an honorary degree. When the Congress of September the agio is fixed at 25 per cent. The payment of duties 2nd inst. The Secretary of the Treasury had issued a notification to Vienna opened, Metternich, then in his forty-second year, was chosen and taxes by coupons of the loan remains valid and unaltered. It is, American shipmasters on the right of search question, in which col- to preside over its deliberations. He assumed at that important conhowever, left to the option of the public to request payment of the lectors of the customs are instructed to request the captains in the mer-juncture that primacy in the diplomatic affairs of Germany and interest on the National Loan in Government Bonds (Staats-Schuld- chant service at their respective ports always to display their colours Europe which he retained, by the courtesy of Cabinets, until the verschreibungen), which, after five years from the date that the inas promptly as possible, whenever they meet upon the ocean an armed close of his career; and which, at certain periods of his administraterest on the National Loan becomes due, will be repaid with comcruiser of any nation. It is stated that a fraud, to the extent of tion, extended to a real predominance over the leading States of pound interest at the rate of 128 gulden for every 100 gulden in 200,000 dols., had been committed on a Western Railway Company. Europe. His power became so great that, from 1814 to 1822, Engspecie. (In other words, the public will receive for interest now due, It was reported that Walker, the Filibuster, had arrived at New land allowed her foreign policy to be wholly guided by the system of at their option, either bank-notes at 125fl. for every 100fl., or Go-York. An extensive fire had taken place at Key West; 110 houses the Austrian Cabinet. The accession of Mr Canning to office broke vernment Bonds, to be redeemed with compound interest after five were burnt. Vera Cruz dates of the 22nd and Mexico the 19th state this bondage, and England recovered her independent voice to protest years from the date of their issue.) that a movement was initiated in the capital in favour of Santa against the abuses which had hitherto been committed with impunity Anna's return to power. General Wall, with 1,000 men, was march- in Europe. It is justly a reproach to him, that in the war which ing upon Tampico. General Zuazua is in command of the Liberals broke out between Russia and Turkey in 1828, the Russians were of Northern Mexico, and has 6,000 well-armed men concentrated allowed to outflank Austria between the Black Sea and the Hunganear San Luis Potosi. He intends marching thence to join Al-rian frontier; to hold for a considerable time the fortresses of the varez and Degollado. The French squadron is at Tampico. The Lower Danube; to establish their ascendancy in Moldavia and WalVanderbilt has since arrived with news to the 4th. Amongst her lachia; and, finally, by the treaty of Adrianople, to master the mouths passengers was Madlle Piccolomini. Advices have reached the navy of that river, which is the artery of the Austrian dominions. In department at Washington that the public mind at Buenos Ayres 1830 the French revolution filled Austrian statesmen with alarm. was in a feverish condition on account of the expected invasion of The first exclamation of Francis, when the intelligence reached him, that province by Urquiza, the President of the Argentine Confedera- was "Alles ist verloren," and "All is lost" seemed for a moment to tion. Disastrous news has reached Washington of the state of become the maxim of his minister. Metternich, however, soon learned Arizona and Senora. Depredations are committed there in open day the secret of the new French king's character, and a tacit underby Indians, and marauding bands of Mexican outlaws. Mr Charles, standing arose between the Governments of Austria and France. The an old and respected citizen of St Louis, was shot and mortally events which agitated Europe in consequence of the revolution of wounded in the street, on the morning of the 3rd, by a man named July met, of course, a strenuous resistance from the Austrian MinisThornton. The greatest difficulty had been found to prevent the ter. Italy was filled with Austrian troops; in Poland Metternich mob from lynching Thornton. The bagging factory of Roberts and had for an instant carried on a negotiation with the insurgent patriots, Co., at Covington, Kentucky, and the Rutland foundry and machine but their speedy defeat placed him again in the catalogue of their shop at Rutland, Vermont, had been destroyed by fire. PRUSSIA. MOBILISATION OF THE ARMY. The official Preussische Zeitung of the 14th states that the order for the mobilisation of the corps d'armée has been issued. The same journal says as follows: "The greater dimensions the events at the seat of war assume, the more serious becomes the duty of government to place itself in such a position as may enable Prussia, in the regulation of the Italian question, to proceed in concert with her confederate German powers, with that weight which Prussia is called upon to use, and which corresponds to the position of Germany as a power in Europe. Looking from this point of view, and regarding the continually increasing armaments even of neutral powers, Government has found it imperative partly to mobilise the army, and will take further steps in connexion therewith, in order that coming events may not take Prussia and Germany by surprise and unprepared. The character of measures of precaution is so fully impressed on all these steps, that it is needless to make any new declaration respecting them. The country will grant them its concurrence, and the German Federal Powers will also, as we hope, see in this new measure, taken in the interest of the security and position of Germany as a power, their confidence in the circumspect initiative of Prussia realised." SAXONY.-The Dresden Journal of the 10th states that the Prussian Commissioners had arrived there to negotiate for the transport by railway of considerable bodies of Prussian troops. A satisfactory result was without difficulty arrived at, and the Commissioners then started for Munich with a similar object. A letter from Leipsic of the 10th says: "The passage of Austrian troops through Saxony ceased for the present two days ago; but another Austrian brigade is shortly expected to pass. In the space of eighteen days 60,000 men, the horses of three regiments of cavalry, and eighty pieces of cannon have been conveyed on the Saxon railways."-The extraordinary session of the Diet of Saxony was closed on Saturday, in the name of the King, by the Minister of State, Baron de Beust. "The King," said the Minister, "will continue, without allowing himself to be moved by events, to accomplish his duties as a German prince; and he confidently counts on the support of the Saxon people in defending his rights." RUSSIA AND THE WAR-In an important circular, which has just been addressed to all the Russian diplomatic agents in Europe, Prince Gortschakoff speaks in the following terms on the views of Russia, and the alleged tendency of the German Confederation: "Our desire, like that of the majority of the great Powers, is now to localise the war, because it arose out of local circumstances, and be cause it is the only means of accelerating the return of peace. The line followed by some States of the German Confederation tends, on the contrary, to generalise the struggle by giving it a character and proportions which go beyond all human provision, and which, under any circumstances, would lead to increased devastation, and would cause torrents of blood to be shed. We can the less understand this tendency as, independently of the guarantees offered to Germany by the positive declarations of the French Government, accepted by the great Powers, and the very force of circumstances, the German States thereby deviate from the fundamental basis which unites them. The German Confederation is a combination purely and exclusively defensive. It is on that condition (à ce titre) that she participated in the international law of Europe, on the bases of treaties to which Russia's signature is affixed. Now, no hostile act has been committed by France against the Confederation, and there does not exist any obligatory treaty for the latter to attack that Power. Should, consequently, the Confederation take hostile measures towards France on conjectural data, and against which it has obtained more than one guarantee, it would have falsified the object of its institution, and disowned the spirit of treaties upon which its existence rests. We FOREIGN GLEANINGS. On Sunday last the Duchess of Brabant gave birth to a Prince at Laeken. A salute of 101 guns announced the happy event to the inhabitants of Brussels. The Prince is to bear the title of Count of Hainault. dent of the Council and Minister of War; Cumbo, Minister for foes; in the Low Countries he laboured to support the pretensions of the King of Holland; in Spain he thought it worth while to expend incredible sums to enable Don Carlos to carry on a desperate contest in the name of legitimacy; in Germany measures were taken, in conjunction with Prussia, to crush every symptom of popular excitement and national independence. In his hands the Austrian Government became an administration of anonymous and irresponsible agents, working under the imposing shelter of a few weighty names. In February, 1848, the monarchy of France was again overturned. The 13th of March, 1848, was sufficient to destroy the entire fabric of the shock reached Vienna. A street tumult of two or three hours on the government. The ex-Chancellor of State stuck to the last moment to his old system. As the deputation of citizens on the evening of the 13th arrived at the court, they passed through a suite of rooms into a concluded a financial convention with Messrs Rothschild, through of the deputation depicted the unfortunate state of affairs, and urged The Invalide Russe announces that the Russian Government has spacious hall, where Archduke John received them. As the speaker the medium of the commercial house of Kapher and Co., of St Peters- the necessity of a speedy decision on the part of the Government, burg. The details of the convention are not known. Archduke John quieted them by saying that the first measure would A letter from Munich, in the Cologne Gazette, says: "Prince be the resignation of Prince Metternich. At these words the prince Charles of Bavaria has just made a morganatic marriage with Mme came out of the adjoining room, in which all the archdukes and Holkuen, widow of an author, and she has been created Baroness de ministers had assembled to deliberate, and, leaving the door open, he Frankenberg; and Prince Louis, eldest son of Duke Maximilian of said in a loud tone, "I will not resign, gentlemen-no, I will not Bavaria, has married Mlle Meuthe, an actress, who has been created resign." Archduke' John upon this, without answering the prince, Baroness de Waldsee. The prince, who is brother of the Empress of repeated what he had said, and cried in an earnest tone, "As I have Austria, has renounced his birthright in favour of his brother, Prince already told you, Prince Metternich resigns." At these words the Charles Theodore." prince exclaimed, in a tone of great excitement, "What, is this the A great demonstration was made at Rome on the 6th inst. "Long return I now get for my fifty years' services!"" On the morning of live the French Government!" was shouted before the residence of the 14th he arrived at the station of the Gloggnitz Railway, under the French Ambassador, the Casino, and the residence of the Com- the escort of fifty hussars; went by rail to Wiener Neustadt, and mandant. On the 7th there was a general illumination. finally to England. In England he found a secure abode until time The Swiss Federal Council has disbanded the troops in the Canton and the follies of the ultra-revolutionary leaders had worn off someof Valais, and reduced the number of troops in the Canton of Tessin thing of the odium which attached to his character. He left this to 3,000 men, on account of the seat of war having become removed country and remained some months in Belgium. At length it was from that frontier of Switzerland. Advices have been received from Constantinople to the 8th inst. a progress in semi-state to his splendid palace in the Rennweg at thought safe for him to return; and in the autumn of 1851 he made The Grand Duke Constantine arrived there on the 6th inst. The Vienna, but he was never readmitted to an official position. Porte has given an evasive reply respecting the election of Prince Couza. The Sultan asks for guarantees. STATE AND CHURCH. MR M'CAN, one of the Judges of the Irish Court of Bankruptcy, died very suddenly on Wednesday, at Rathbone's Hotel, Kingstown. He presided the day before in his court, and then appeared in the enjoyment of good health. The emoluments of the judgeship are 2,0007. a year. MR JACOB BELL died on Sunday, aged forty-nine. Mr Bell was THE COURT.-Her Majesty and Court left town on Tuesday for President of the Pharmaceutical Society, of which he may be said to Windsor Castle. On Thursday the Queen and Court went with the have been the founder, and was the supporter, for a long series of Her Majesty will return to Buckingham porter of many literary, scientific, and charitable institutions in Lon years. He was a munificent patron of British art, and a liberal supusual array to Ascot races. confidently entertain the hope that the wisdom of the Federal Palace to-day. The Prince of Wales, who is now at Lisbon, willdon, while at the same time eminently useful in the private walks of commence residence at the University of Oxford in October term. Governments will set aside determinations which would turn to their benevolence. GENERAL GERARD GOSSELIN died on Saturday, at his seat in Kent, at the advanced age of ninety years. He was one of the senior generals on the army list, having entered the army in Nov., 1780. MAJOR GENERAL DAVID MACADAM died on the 10th inst., at Edinburgh. He had been fifty-four years in the Royal Marines, and had greatly distinguished himself in his professional career. HEALTH OF LONDON.-The mortality in London has continued to fall during the last six weeks, and in the week that ended last Saturday the total number of deaths was 938. This amount is less than the average by 144. The births registered last week exceeded the deaths in the same period by 730. Scarlatina, which was fatal in 50 and 42 cases respectively in the two previous weeks, was fatal last week in 43. Eleven deaths were caused by diphtheria, and 15 children and two adults died last week from small-pox, two infants from erysipelas, and two persons from carbuncle. A boy, aged six months, died in Emma place, Kensington, from "spasmodic croup (seven days)." Mr C. Willis adds on his certificate that the child was poisoned by the exhalations from the road in front of the house, which he states to be "in an infamous condition." Last week the births of 834 boys and the same number of girls, in all 1,668 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1849-58 the average number was 1,533. The highest and lowest readings of the thermometer in the shade were 79-8 deg. and 50-9 deg., and occurred on the same day, Wednesday. THE FREE HOSPITALS.-Royal Free Hospital, Gray's-inn road: The number of patients relieved at this hospital during the week ending June 11 was 2,427, of which 631 were new cases.—) -Metropolitan Free Hospital, Devonshire square, City: The aggregate number of patients relieved during the week ending June 11 was-medical, 722; surgical, 413; total, 1,135, of which 306 were new cases.-City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Victoria park: The number of patients relieved at this institution during last week was 1,239, of which 207 were new cases.-Great Northern Hospital, King's cross: Number of patients for the week ending June 15, 963, of which 314 were new cases. NAVAL MISCELLANE.-An Order in Council has been promulgated for extending the time for payment of the bounties of 101. to able seamen, and of 51. to ordinary seamen, from the 15th inst. to the 31st of July.. Letters received at Plymouth, written from the screw steamship Orion, 91, Captain Wallace Houston, state that in consequence of the defective condition of her hull it will be necessary for her to return home, and that carpenters are now putting her decks into temporary repair in Malta. The steam despatch boat Flying Fish arrived in Portland harbour on Sunday morning; the screw steam frigate Emerald, 51, Capt. Arthur Cumming, arrived in the evening from Spithead, to join the Channel Fleet. Capt. R. Lambert has commissioned the new screw steam corvette Scylla, of 21 guns and 400-horse-power (nominal), at Sheerness. Capt. J. Corbett has commissioned the new screw steam corvette Scout, 21 guns and 400 horse-power (nominal), at Sheerness.- -The entry of shipwrights and mechanics into Chatham dockyard has now ceased, owing to the number required having been obtained.The force at the Curragh, including Newbridge, will, it is supposed, amount to about 10,000 next week, under the immediate command of MajorGeneral Gascoigne. The brigadiers will be Major-General Gough, C.B.,Major-General Shirley, C.B., and Major-General Parlby. DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE ON THE AFFAIRS The despatch then concludes with the same advice as to an under- urged the English Government to exert all its influence to prevent so and to the treaties of 1815 was expressly declared by Lord Bloom-been rendered to Europe by the former Sovereign; nor can I doubt The resolve of our Government to adhere to a policy of neutrality and his Government render full justice to the services which have field at Berlin to the Baron de Schleinitz (Jan. 13). Baron Schleinitz that the Austrian Government would accept, with a sincere desire to entertained no hope at this time that any advice likely to affect the bring them to an honest conclusion, any overtures for a reconciliation fundamental institutions of Rome would be accepted either by France with France, the acceptance of which would not be incompatible with or Austria; he even hints at the probability of "incalculable oppo- their honour. But as long as Sardinia is allowed to remain armed, I sition." A conversation of Earl Cowley with the Emperor of the doubt whether Austria will enter into negotiations, since she looks French on the relations of France and Austria is then described in a upon the Sardinian army as the advanced guard of France, permitting despatch from Lord Cowley, dated Jan. 19. the latter to take her own time to arm, and will feel no security that "His Majesty, in admitting that great alarm and disquietude pre- peace is intended so long as that advanced guard is in existence. The vailed, said that he was quite unable to divine the reason of it; he disarmament of Sardinia is, therefore, to Austria, the gage of the was not aware of anything that rendered war more probable to-day sincerity of France. I need hardly add that, upon Sardinia disthan it was three months ago; nor had he the slightest wish or in-arming, Austria will take a similar course." The correspondence tention to provoke one. It was true that, about a fortnight ago, he relative to the proposed Congress or Conference is very voluminous, had received a pressing letter from the King of Sardinia, stating that and now, of course, somewhat barren of interest. The impression on he (the King) had information, on which he could rely, that he was Earl Cowley's mind on the 18th of March was that the French about to be attacked by Austria, and entreating him (the Emperor) Emperor was desirous of keeping peace, and that he contemplated no A blue book of 400 pages has been issued, containing the diploma- to give him such assistance as would enable him to bring up his out-modifications of the treaties of 1815; that he had great sympathy tic correspondence relative to the affairs of Italy from January to lying troops to the Austrian frontier. On the receipt of this letter with the Italians, and wished to do something for their benefit. On May last. We take from it as much as our limits permit. The sub-the Emperor continued, he had stopped the embarkation of two bat- the 11th of April the Earl of Malmesbury, in a letter to Lord A. ject opens with the communication by Earl Cowley to the Foreign teries of artillery which had been destined for Algeria, but he had Loftus, urged upon the Government of Austria the propriety of disOffice of the famous rebuke administered by Napoleon III to the taken no other precautions whatever, and he supposed that this must arming, and distinctly stated that if the proposal were declined Austrian Ambassador on New-year's day. The Emperor said, with have alarmed the public mind. What I said to M. de Cavour,' con- Austria "would have placed herself in the wrong and forfeited the some severity of tone, that, although the relations between the two tinued his Majesty, I repeat now; my sympathies always have been, sympathy of this country." No further concession, he adds, was to empires were not such as he could desire, he begged to assure the and still are, with Italy. I regret that Lombardy should be in the be expected from France. Her Majesty's Government fully approved Emperor of Austria that his personal feelings towards His Majesty possession of Austria, but I cannot and do not dispute the right of the the proposal for a disarmament of the three Powers before the meeting remained unaltered." These words were declared by Sir J. Hudson latter. I respect existing treaties, because they are the only land- of the Congress, and expressed a wish to bring to a close the "false (Turin despatch of Jan. 3), as likely to be considered tantamount to marks we have; so long as Austria remains within her own frontiers negotiations" that had been going on. à declaration of war, in the then condition of Italy. The views of she is, of course, mistress to do as she pleases. With regard to Sar- We may conclude our summary with the following last "warning" our own Government were speedily expressed by Lord Malmesbury dinia, if she provokes hostilities unjustly, and places herself in the of the British Government to Austria after the arbitrary summons in despatches to Earl Cowley and Lord A. Loftus. In the first of wrong, she must expect no support from me."" The aversion of the which she addressed to Sardinia at the latter end of April: On the these papers the Foreign Secretary states his conviction that it is the French Government from any action in common with Austria in order 22nd writes Lord Malmesbury to Lord A. Loftus," I have acquainted desire of the Emperor of the French to press Austria into a war to effect reforms in Central Italy and the Pope's dominions was clearly you by the telegraph with the strong feeling of indignation against for the sake of his own reputation and aggrandisement, basing expressed at a subsequent interview with Count Walewski. Austria which prevails in London, in consequence of its having his statements on the particulars of the conversations which In the course of the month of January the despatch of Jan. 12, become known that at the very time that Austria had summoned took place between the Emperor and Lord Clarendon at Compiègne. already quoted, was read to Count Buol, in Vienna, by Lord A. Sardinia to disarm under penalty of immediate hostilities in case of "I am aware," writes Lord Malmesbury, "from a conversa- Loftus. His Excellency listened to it with deep interest, and ex- refusal. Sardinia had actually agreed unconditionally to disarm. tion which Lord Clarendon held lately at Compiègne with the Em-pounded his views on the matter. It is Lord A. Loftus who is writ-Your Lordship's lauguage, therefore, to Count Buol cannot be too peror, and which his lordship repeated to me, that his Imperial Ma- ing to the Foreign-office: "Count Buol expressed himself as fully strong in regard to the course adopted by Austria. Her Majesty's jesty has long looked at the internal state of Italy with interest and sensible of the kind and friendly motives which had moved her Ma- Government are at a loss to imagine on what grounds the Cabinet of anxiety. It may be that he imagines that in a war with Austria, and jesty's Government to offer their advice and counsel at the present Vienna can justify this menace of invasion of Sardinia, now that she having Sardinia for an ally, he may play the important part of the critical moment, and he appreciated the cordial and sincere interest has agreed to disarm. It cannot, surely, be justified on the ground regenerator of Italy. If so, the Treaties of 1815 must be effaced, for which they evinced for Austria. But he could not conceal from me of the admission of the representatives of Italian States to the Consuch a redistribution of territory could not be effected without the his fears, that the opinions set forth in your lordship's despatch might gress; for the Austrian Government was itself a consenting party to consent of the parties to those Treaties." Lord Malmesbury adds, produce more harm than good if these same views and opinions had the admission of them in a certain character, and it is monstrous to however, that the British Government are not indifferent to the just been likewise expressed at Paris and Turin. In fact,' said his Ex- suppose that a change in that character, whatever it might be, even discontent which affects a large portion of the Italian population. cellency, I regret that you have read that despatch to me; I regret supposing it were insisted upon, could warrant Austria in taking the "Yet," he says, "it is not in a war between France and Austria that also that it has been written. If,' continued Count Buol, you wish fatal step of an invasion. Her Majesty's Government feel, after all their relief is to be found. Such a war may bring about a change of to preach peace and prevent war, address yourselves with firmness to that has passed, that they are entitled to expect to be informed on masters, but assuredly it will not give them independence, and with- France and Piedmont. We are not meditating war; we shall not be this point; and, in order to bring the question to an immediate issue, out independence liberty is hopeless." And he concludes by obsery- the aggressors. Tell the Emperor Louis Napoleon that Great Britain you will ask Count Buol whether Austria will stop the march of her ing that if the two Governments of France and Austria were seriously will not passively look on if his Majesty should commence hostilities. armies, and will agree to the admission of the representatives of the to unite and carry out the reforms demanded by justice and policy in Say to him that should he take such a course it will be at his own Italian States as mere delegates and not as Plenipotentiaries, and will Central Italy, he doubts not that they would succeed. In such an risk and peril. On the other hand, warn King Victor Emmanuel also accept the first three points in my proposals of the 18th inst. effort England, he adds, would heartily join. that England will not sanction any act of wilful aggression, under-relating to disarmament to be effected by commissioners, and to the The despatch to Lord A. Loftus is a still more important paper. It taken in full peace, by Piedmont against Austria. If Great Britain is meeting of the Congress when those commissioners have commenced is dated January 12-two days after the one addressed to Lord Cow- prepared to hold this language, no war will arise."" Respecting any their labours. You will give Count Buol clearly to understand that ley. After stating the opinion of her Majesty's Government that possible territorial change which might be deemed desirable by all the refusal of Austria will enlist against her the feelings of the there prevailed no essential causes of difference between France and parties in Central Italy, Count Buol stated with some emphasis that Government and of all classes in this country. You will add that, Austria, and that if these, the two great Roman Catholic Powers, he considered this proposal as a most dangerous doctrine, and as sub-in making this proposal, her Majesty's Government assume that if would join and act cordially together, the affairs of Italy might be versive of the treaties of 1815. Lord A. Loftus then dwelt on the Austria should agree to it, the military operations now in progress in peaceably and permanently settled, Lord Malmesbury proceeds to reforms that were necessary for Italy, and which he said could be France would at once be arrested. As regards, however, the question give advice to the Cabinet of Vienna: "Her Majesty's Government effected by peaceful negotiation, and the establishment of a complete of Sardinian disarmament, I have to observe that her Majesty's ardently trust that, in the interest of the Italians themselves and the agreement between Austria and France, with far more chance of Government still consider it impossible to call upon the Cabinet of peace of Europe, the Austrian Government will continue to pursue a eventual success than by the ruinous action of war. Such was the Turin at once to disperse the Free Corps, as such a measure would, course which cannot fail to bring to its side the public opinion of course recommended by her Majesty's Government. "The only alter- in all probability, lead to a revolutionary movement in Italy. The impartial and independent States." This was said in reference to native," he added, "must be, eventually, revolution and war; and I wisest course would be to keep them together for awhile under the the conciliation attempted in Lombardy by the Archduke Maximilian. have no doubt that your Excellency will agree that the remedy in Alps, and to effect their disbandment gradually" Then follows this paragraph in relation to the first rumours of war: the last alternative is as dangerous as the evil which it seeks to cure." The protest presented by Lord A. Loftus, which followed this "Your Lordship will frankly tell Count Buol that, should such a In conclusion, Lord A. Loftus urged Count Buol to give him the letter, is quoted by us elsewhere. struggle as we deprecate be the result of the present estrangement be- assurance that Austria would not in any case move a soldier across On the 25th of April our Government considered the negotiations tween France and Austria, England would remain a neutral spectator her frontier in Italy without previous concert with France: but this for a Congress "at an end," and war unhappily commenced. of the contest, and that in no way would public opinion in this coun- demand Count Buol refused, declaring that to do so would be a surtry render it possible for her to assist Austria as against her own sub-render of the sovereign power of Austria. As regarded the projects, if the contest assumed the aspect of a revolution of her Italian posal to interfere in the concerns of Rome Count Buol declined to provinces against her Government." "No one," continues Lord take the initiative in resuming the question, observing "It is a June 11. On payment, 10,099; by season tickets, 7,022: total, 17,121. Malmesbury in another place, "looking on the state of Italy, can great mistake to think that Italy requires change. If Italy is left-Monday, June 13. On payment, 26,689; by season tickets, 923: doubt that many causes of just discontent are to be found in the quiet, if agitation is put down, and if the hopes of certain parties who total, 27,612.-Tuesday, June 14. On payment, 17,427; by season general administration of the country, and her Majesty's Government, only seek their own aggrandisement are annulled, there will be no tickets, 669: total, 18,096.-Wednesday, June 15. On payment, sympathising as they unquestionably do with the sufferings of the commotion, no war in Italy, and no cause for the measures which 2,646; by season tickets, 2,038: total, 4,684.-Thursday, June 16, Italian population, would gladly lend their best efforts to produce an are counselled in the despatch you have read to me.' amelioration in the existing state of things;" "but," says Lord Malmesbury, "this amelioration is not likely to be produced by war." to prevent the outbreak of war between Austria and France, and 4,793. The Russian Government (2nd February) expressed a strong desire Friday, June 17. On payment, 4,182; by season tickets, 611: total, On payment, 8,330; by season tickets, 659: total. 8,989. CRYSTAL PALACE.-ADMISSIONS DURING THE WEEK.-Saturday, THE WAR IN ITALY. Vienna, June 12.-Benedek's corps was again attacked at Maleg-army, formed of the Division Fanti, did not reach the battle-field till nano on the 9th. Loss, between 200 and 300 men. The total loss seven p.m., too late to take any part in the action.. at Palestro on May 31 was 15 officers and 513 men killed, 1 general, It appears from the statement of an Austrian field officer who took 23 officers, and 878 men wounded, and 6 officers and 774 men missing a prominent part in the action, was wounded, and taken prisoner, Garibaldi's corps threatens the Southern Tyrol, from Val Canonica, that the Austrians had no idea of an attack on their right flank from RETREAT OF THE AUSTRIANS BEHIND THE Val Trompia, and Bagolino. It is reported that the French fleet in Turbigo. In general, during the whole campaign, the great difficulty MINCIO. The battle of Magenta has had the most important consequences. Instead of awaiting another shock in Lombardy proper, the whole of the Austrian forces have been precipitately withdrawn, the fortresses of Pavia and Piacenza have been abandoned, and the Duchy of Modena, together with the States of the Church, completely evacuated. The allied armies are fast advancing towards the Austrian line of defence behind the Mincio; having crossed the river Adda without molestation, and only impeded in their march by the broken bridges which the enemy destroyed in his flight. The progress of these events is shown in the bulletins annexed. SARDINIAN BULLETINS. Turin, June 10.-The Austrians have definitively evacuated Pavia, and are said to be at Lodi. The allied armies are advancing. General Garibaldi occupied Bergamo on the morning of the 8th, and then, having learned that 1,500 Austrians were coming from Brescia, sent a detachment to meet them, which, though inconsiderable in number, nevertheless beat the enemy. Turin, June 11.—Private letters have been received from Milan to the 9th inst. respecting the battle of Malegnano. On the arrival of an Austrian division from Pavia the fight began at midday. The enemy was strongly intrenched in the Cemetery and in a farmhouse. Our troops, under General Lamirault, attacked these positions. Our left wing took the chateau and then fell upon the village. The Austrians, being outflanked, withdrew and barricaded themselves in the private houses. The Zouaves sustained a murderous hand-to-hand conflict and drove out the enemy. The right wing of our army, under General Forey, was not required to assist in the battle. Colonel Paulze-Ivoi was killed, and 500 Zouaves were put hors de combat. The Austrians, who were 30,000 strong, suffered a loss of 1,500 killed and wounded, and 1,200 prisoners. The battle lasted nine hours. At eleven p.m. a battalion of Hungarians and Croats, intending to surprise the village, were surrounded and defeated. of Venice. the Adriatic received powerful reinforcements yesterday, and it is they had to contend with was want of intelligence of the movements THE FRENCH EMPEROR TO THE PEOPLE OF Turin, June 11.-The Austrians have evacuated Piacenza after having destroyed the citadel and the other fortifications. They abandoned to the allies a great quantity of provisions, cannon, and ammunition. Our troops entered the town, invited by the municipality. The Austrians have been reinforced at Brescello, a village in 8th inst.: Modena. In complete ignorance of the movements of the allies, and doubly deceived by the inactivity towards Turbigo and the demonstration towards Buffalora, the Austrians prepared for the atten this latter side. When the thing came to the test, it was found that the tête de pont formed on the Sardinian side of the Ticino, at San Martino, was so ill-constructed, that attempting to hold it would have merely led to the sacrifice of the troops encased there. It was therefore determined to abandon it, and blow up the stone bridge at Buffalora. The five battalions which occupied the tête de pont were withdrawn on the night of the 1st-2nd, and an attempt was made to blow up the bridge, which failed. The solid blocks of granite resisted the small quantity of powder. This seems not to have been the fault of the engineers so much as of the general direction of the whole The Austrians seem to have been so sure of their campaign. success that they never thought of retreat, and did not prepare themMilan for some: the answer returned was that there was none. This was no blasting powder at hand, and the commander telegraphed to was the reason that stone bridge over the Ticino could only be shaken, and the two bridges over the canal at Ponte Nuovo di Magenta were not injured at all. The chambers were prepared, but there was no of an attack from the right, the line of battle of the Austrians went powder to put into them. As the position in front of the bridges was of great strength, it was determined to defend it, and, not dreaming the news of the evacuation of Pavia and Lodi by the Austriansbardy. Let me tell you why I am here. When Austria unjustly selves for the contingency of having to blow up the bridges. There Turin, June 11.—The official_bulletin published to-day confirms After having crossed the river Adda the enemy destroyed the bridges. Turin, June 12.-Last night the Austrians left Bologna, taking the direction of Modena. After their departure a popular demonstration took place, expressing the sense of the public in favour of the national cause. service between Turin and the Ticino has been recommenced. The following proclamation was published at Milan on the "The fortune of war has conducted me to the capital of Lomally. The honour and interests of France made this my duty. attacked Piedmont, I resolved to sustain the King of Sardinia, my the sympathy which exists throughout all Europe for your cause, by Your enemies, who are my enemies, have endeavoured to diminish trying to persuade the world that I am carrying on this war only for personal ambition, or to aggrandise the territory of France. If there Turin, June 13.-After the retreat of the Austrians from Bologna, In the enlightened state of public opinion which prevails, men are are men who do not understand their epoch, I am not of the number. the Cardinal-Legate took his departure, leaving to the municipality greater by the moral influence which they exercise than by barren conthe government of the town. The municipality thereupon appointed quests, and this moral influence I seek after with pride in contributing from Buffalora through Ponte di Magenta towards Robecco, or as a commission, which immediately proclaimed Victor Emmanuel to emancipate one of the most beautiful parts of Europe. Your re- nearly possible parallel to the Ticino and the canal, with the reserves Dictator. The town is en fete. The head-quarters of the King were ception has already proved to me that you have understood me. I in the village of Magenta. The only force towards the road coming yesterday at Vimercate de la Monza. To-day the regular railway do not come here with any preconceived plan to dispossess sovereigns, from Turbigo was a battalion which occupied one of the large isolated Turin, June 13.—The Austrians evacuated Reggio and Brescello nor to impose my own will upon you. My army will only occupy cascines, or farms, to the right of the road, behind the village of Maritself with two things:-To combat your enemies and to maintain cello. This was more with the view of observation than of resistance. last night, and were also making preparations to evacuate the other internal order. It will place no obstacle in the way of a free manifes- The advance of the Grenadiers from Ponte di Buffalora at ten, or about parts of Modena. A deputation from Modena has arrived in Turin. tation of your legitimate wishes. Providence sometimes favours two hours before the column of Marshal M'Mahon showed itself on Turin, June 14.-The Austrians are in full retreat in the direction nations like individuals, in giving them occasion to rise suddenly to the road from Turbigo, was calculated to leave them in their original of the river Oglio. The bridges over the Adda and other rivers have been destroyed by means of mines. They have also evacuated greatness; but it is on condition that they have the virtue to profit error, and they massed their troops so as to meet this column by it. Profit, then, by the fortune which is offered you. Your de- and crush it. After showing itself, this column received orders to halt, Pizzighettone after having burned the bridge, and thrown their guns, sire of independence, so long expressed, so often deceived, will be in order to give time to the other column to arrive, and it was only when war material, and ammunition into the water. Cremona and Brescia realised if you show yourselves worthy of it. Unite, then, for the the cannon of the latter was heard that it definitively advanced. In are free. A numerous body of the Austrians appears to be assembling one sole object, the enfranchisement of your country. Seek military spite of its heroic bravery it would scarcely have succeeded in taking at Monte Chiaro. A part of the Piedmontese_army has crossed the Adda at Vaprio and Canonica. Bergamo and Lodi have proclaimed organisation. Hasten all of you to place yourselves under the flag of this formidable position on the canal had not the advance of the King Victor Emmanuel, who has already so nobly shown you the flanking column obliged the Austrians to make front against this their union with Piedmont. The damage done by the Austrians to path of honour. Remember that without discipline there is no army, unexpected enemy. They had to lead back their right wing so that the fortifications of Piacenza is of little importance. Turin, June 15.-The Austrians are retreating from the Oglio, and their left wing rested at Robecco; the village of Magenta formed their centre, and Corbetto their right wing. The troops which had been ordered forward to defend the position at the canal had to go back and take up a position in front and to the right of the village of Magenta. the armies of the allies continue to advance. The Austrian corps d'armée which had left Ancona for Pesaro has directed its course towards the lower Po, to join the troops in the provinces of Venice. It is not yet certain that Ancona has been entirely evacuated by the Austrian troops. Modena and Brescello are free. Forli, Faenza, Imola, and the other municipalities of Romagna have pronounced in favour of the national cause. Turin, June 16.-The allied army of Italy passed the Serio on the 13th, marching towards the river Oglio. The advanced guard is at Coccaglio. The head-quarters of the King of Sardinia are at Palazzuolo. General Garibaldi was at Brescia up to the evening of the 12th. General Urban's corps quitted Coccaglio on the morning of the 13th, and appears to be retiring to Orzinovi. FRENCH BULLETINS. and animated with the sacred fire of patriotism be nothing to-day but ADDRESS OF THE EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH TO THE ARMY OF ITALY. had In order to have a clear idea of this new disposition, the three roads must be kept in mind-that from Buffalora to Magenta running nearly due east, the main road to Milan, coming from Ponte Novo di The following address to his army has also been issued at Milan : Magenta to Magenta, and the railway line, which, after having passed "Soldiers,-A month ago, confiding in efforts of diplomacy, I still the canal, leads to the left, and, intersecting the two roads, passes to hoped for the maintenance of peace, when suddenly the invasion of the western side of the village of Magenta. The station-house, a Piedmont by the Austrian troops called us to arms. We were not considerable building, and the village itself, formed the point d'appui ready. Men, horses, material, and supplies were wanting, and we for the Austrian centre, which extended along the railway as far as had, in order to assist our allies, to pass in small divisions beyond the the point of intersection of this latter with the high road. The right Alps before an enemy formidable and prepared beforehand. The wing was based on the advanced post at a farmhouse, to the right of danger was great; the energy of the nation and your courage sup- the road from Turbigo. As soon as General M'Mahon's corps plied all; France has again found her old virtues, and, united in one come up he formed it in line of battle, as far as the ground permitted; In addition to the news of the war contained in the preceding feeling and for one object, she has shown the power of her resources placing the first division to the left and the second to the right, some bulletins, the Moniteur publishes the following: and the strength of her patriotism. It is now only ten days since artillery on the narrow road, and the Fusiliers and Chasseurs de la June 10.-Three steam frigates have landed 2,400 Austrian operations commenced, and the Piedmontese territory has been Garde as reserves, ho advanced boldly against the enemy's position. prisoners at Marseilles. already cleared of its invaders. The allied army has fought four The infantry, as soon as it came within sight of the enemy, had to June 11.-The statement put forth by certain journals that the combats and gained a decisive victory, which has opened to it the extend itself through the fields and vineyards. The ground is so full Papal Nuncio has officiated at Vienna in the religious ceremony of gates of the capital of Lombardy. You have put more than 35,000 of these latter and trees that the line could not advance in compact calling down the protection of Heaven on the Austrian arms is untrue. Austrians hors de combat, taken seventeen cannon, two colours, and order, but had to take to a more loose formation between the General Schramm has been appointed superior Commander of the 8,000 prisoners; but all is not terminated; you will have more strug- skirmishing line and the regular order of battle. The farmhouse in Camp at Chalons, where three divisions of infantry and one of cavalry gles to support and obstacles to overcome. I rely on you. Courage, advance became the object of a murderous fight. The enemy had will be assembled. Five thousand Austrian prisoners have arrived at then, brave soldiers of the Army of Italy! Your forefathers from concentrated a considerable mass of troops around and in it, and above contemplate you with pride." Marseilles and Toulon. June 12.-A part of the French army has passed the river Adda without striking a blow. In the hurry of their retreat from Piacenza the enemy abandoned a great number of cannons and magazines full of provisions and ammunition. AUSTRIAN BULLETINS. against this the 2nd Regiment of the Foreign Legion was sent, who attacked it with great élan. The enemy, who saw himself in danger of losing this point d'appui for his right wing, sent a column to the right to outflank this body, and, if possible, to cut it off. The DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF MAGENTA. The following account,―abbreviated in several places,—is supplied Sardinians were to have been to the left as reserve, as well as to by a correspondent of the Times. It commences with an explanation guard against any such movement, and then likewise to try and to the effect that while the division of the Grenadiers of the French envelope the Austrian right wing and rear, and thus to cut it off from Verona, June 10.—On the 8th of June General Urban, at Canonica, Guard and Zouaves attacked the front of the position at Ponte di its line of retreat, but owing to the difficulties of the narrow road, and the 8th corps d'armée, at Malegnano, were engaged in sanguinary Magenta and Buffalora, General M'Mahon received the order to ad- they had not been able to come up in time, and the result was that fights. The enemy, in greatly superior force, appears to be advancing vance, with the Divisions Espinasse, La Motterouge, and the division the 2nd Regiment of the Foreign Legion suffered a good deal. It from Milan, and the Austrian army has therefore passed the Adda of the Chasseurs à Pied and Fusiliers de la Garde, from Turbigo, and was, however, extricated from this position by a timely advance of in good order, and is nearing the reinforcements in reserve. The take the Austrians posted at Magenta in their right flank and rear. reserve. As soon as this was done the whole line advanced, pressing courage of our troops is unbroken, and they are longing for a decisive As the distance, however, of Turbigo from Magenta is more than back the enemy's troops step by step. It was all along a hand to battle. The seat of the chief Government authorities of Lombardy twelve miles, with the main road very narrow and the country much hand fight with rifle and bayonet. Except on the road there was no intersected with vineyards, where not thickly wooded, the division of opportunity for the use of artillery. The French had some rocket Vienna, June 11.-The Duchess of Parma arrived yesterday at the Fusiliers and Chasseurs of the Guard, which formed the reserve, batteries, however, with which they played successfully on the Verona. The Parmesan troops have gone to Modena, at their own though it started at seven a.m. from Turbigo, could not take part in enemy. It was in such a fight that the superiority of the rifle showed inclination, and with the consent of the Duke of Modena. the battle before four p.m., while the avant-garde of the Sardinian itself over the usual musket, with which the Austrians were armed, has been transferred to Mantua. |