The only thing which remains for me to mention to you, and which necessarily follows christian forbearance, is christian charity. I had rather be employed in one act of benevolence, than expound the whole apocalypse. There is nothing so much mistaken as charity. Some confine it to an ostentatious alms-giving, where the act pays itself. Some place it in giving all men a good character, which makes their good word of no value to any man, and which seems to me to flow rather from an abject servility of spirit, than from any religious motive. Yet, sure, to part with the superfluities of life, which we know not how otherwise to employ, or to blow off our praises on others, when they cost nothing, and are nothing worth, cannot deserve to wear the name of charity. That virtue rises to a higher pitch; it streams with every bleeding wound, and sighs with every aking heart: is delighted to be employed, and places all its good in procuring happiness to others; had rather remove distress, than build palaces; and says to the unhappy, mine is your misery, for ye are my children. This is, or this ought to be, the distinguishing characteristick of the servants of Christ, without which knowledge and learning are a reproach, and all pretences to piety, and solemn austerity, impious and pharisaical.

I have now gone through the whole, in which I thought it might be necessary to give you advice. And although it may seem, that I have not directed you in any important articles, yet I should wish you to keep my letter by you, to refer to occasionally; and I dare venture to say, that in the course of your life you will find the usefulness of it in every particular.

It is not in weightier matters that we are often the most embarrassed; there we are always on our guard, or can have present directions for our conduct, from pious and learned authors. But little inconveniences, by being as little attended to, oftentimes become the most difficult; for he, who despiseth small things, shall perish by little and little.

If this will not amount to a full excuse, let my sincere friendship for you supply the rest; for you may be assured, I would not have written so freely and unreservedly to any person, for whom I had not the most affectionate regard.

at

I shall be, assure yourself, exceeding glad to see you at all times where you will be certain of finding me, having taken up a resolution, though not a common one, of spending the remainder off my days in my own diocese.

Nov. 1730,

THE

TRAVELS OF THREE ENGLISH GENTLEMEN,

FROM VENICE TO HAMBURGH,

Being the grand Tour of Germany, in the year 1734.
MS. Never before published.

The Gentleman, who drew up the following piece, is a person of curiosity; and, when he first went abroad, as well as during his residence in foreign parts, was a member of the Royal Society, and of the University of Oxford. The observations it contains, many of which are intirely new, are related with the utmost fidelity. It may, therefore, be considered, as a supplement to the ingenious Dr. Brown's Travels in Germany; and will likewise serve to supply various omissions, and illustrate several obscure passages, of other modern relations, with which gentlemen of erudition, who have visited the countries herein mentioned, have entertained the public.

SECT. I.

A Journey from Venice to Gorizia, or Goritia, the capital of a county of the same name, in the Dutchy of Carniola.

THE War breaking out between France and her allies and the house of Austria, towards the close of the year 1733, we took for granted, that the maritime powers could not avoid concerning themselves in that quarrel; and, therefore, laid aside all thoughts of returning to England through France, as we had proposed, when at Rome. This induced us to make the grand tour of Germany; and, in order thereto, to meet at Venice, the beginning of February, 1734. Here, according to agreement, we arrived; and having seen all the principal curiosities, and the conclusion of the carnival, we went by water, with our baggage, and two post-chaises, to Mestre, February the twenty-seventh, O. S. 1733; or March the tenth, N. S. 1734. Mestre is a small town or village, about five miles almost west of Venice, and the place where the Barcas, bound from that capital to the Venetian territories in Italy, and particularly those with gentlemen for Germany, frequently land their passengers and effects. The padrone of the Barca, whom we paid according to agreement, upon our landing, was a man of some politeness and address, though very desirous of imposing upon us; but this is not to be wondered at, since it exactly corresponds with the general disposition of the Italians.

The Vetturino, who supplied us with six horses from Venice to Gorizia, for twelve zecchins, or sequins, each consisting of twenty-two Venetian lire, or livres, furnished us with two very good postiglioni. These conducted us first to Treviso, Trivigi, or Trevigio, for it goes by all these names, a post and half from Mestre, through the villages of Mojana, La Croce, and La Frascar. Mojana has a handsome church, with a pretty high tower; and, as our postiglioni informed us, is famous for the fineness and whiteness of its bread. It is about four Italian miles from Mestre. La Croce and La Frascar are not considerable enough to deserve any particular notice. The country between Venice and Treviso is a plain, and, even at this time of the year, covered with a beautiful verdure. We entered Treviso, February the twentyseventh, about sixteen hours,* according to the Italian computation of time.

Treviso, or Trivigi, as it is called by Leandro Alberti, is a city of considerable note, as being of great antiquity, and the principal place, unless we will have + Venice itself to stand in this territory, of the Marca Trevisana. However, scarce any traces of its former grandeur are now to be seen. It is seated upon the river Sile, Silo, or Silio, the Silis of Pliny (Lib. iii. cap. 18) which runs through the town; and, according to that author, has its source in the neighbouring mountains, called, by him, Montes Tarvisani. The first writers of authority that mention this city are Procopius (Lib ii. Bell. Goth.) and Paulus Diaconus (Lib. iv. cap. 3.) though the Montes Tarvisani of Pliny (Lib. iii. cap. 18.) seem to intimate, that these mountains received their denomination from Tarvisium, the ancient Roman name of Trevisa, and, consequently, to imply, that this place existed in Pliny's time. Nay, that it was a Roman municipium, in early ages, evidently appears from stones dug up near it, with Roman inscriptions upon them, viz. MVN. TAR. and DECVRION. Upon the declension of the Western Empire, it became subject to the Ostrogoths, whose fifth King, Totila, was born here. Afterwards Alboinus, King of the Lombards, having made himself master of Aquileia, and other cities in that neighbourhood, resolved to pillage and lay in ashes Trevigi, because its citizens had not been early enough in their submission to him. But Felix, the Bishop, found means to prevent the execution of so barbarous a design. The Lombard Marquisses, or Governors, whose business it was to keep every thing quiet on the frontiers, for a considerable time, made this the place of their residence; and from them it passed to the Emperors and Kings of Italy, in common with the other Italian towns. After wards, one Ezzelinus, a cruel tyrant, possessed himself of it; though the Emperors, as should seem, soon recovered it. The Emperor Henry VI. made one Ricciardo da Camino, a person of great wealth and popularity here, Vicar of Trevigi, reserving to himself the sovereignty of the Marca Trevisana. In succeeding ages, the Carraresi were Lords of the town and district; after them the Scaligeri, or Signori della

The Italians compute their time from sun-set to sun-set, and, therefore, their greatest number of hours is twenty-four. Buno, in his Notes upon Cluverius's Introduction to Geography, is clearly of this opinion, as our readers will find, by consulting him there. See Buno's Notes upon Cluverius, Lib. III. cap. xxxiv. pag. 277. Ed. Amst. and Lond. 1697.

Scala; and, last of all, the Venetians, by virtue of a treaty concluded between them, the Scaligeri, and Giovanni Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan, in 1388. The Emperor Maximilian besieged it ineffectually in 1509. The district of Treviso abounds with all the necessaries of life; and, particularly, with corn, wine, animals, &c. The wine it produces is excellent, and the bread extremely white and fine. There are, likewise, here, many delightful fountains, whose pure limpid water appears as agreeable to the eye, as it is grateful to the taste. The noble families of Treviso are so numerous, that we must beg leave to refer our readers to the Italian writers, for a catalogue of them, which the narrow limits, we have prescribed ourselves, will not permit us to insert here. The principal churches are those of San Nicolo, Honesto, Giesu, the Domo, San Martin, San Paulo, and Santa Mar garita. Among the great personages born here, may be ranked Pope Benedict XI. and Ponticus Viruniuś, who died in 1520.

*

Having staid some hours here, where, in truth, few curious objects present themselves to a traveller's view, we continued our route. About five in the afternoon, we passed the river Piave, directing our march towards Conegliano, or Conigliano, a post and half from Treviso, Dr. Brown thinks the Piave to be the Anassum of the ancients; but Father Hardouin looks upon the modern Stella as the antient Anassum. Be that as it will, the Piave has a fine bridge over it at Belluno, to whose district both Conegliano and Sacil appertain. This district is an extremely fertile country, diversified with little hills, vallies, mountains, and woods. It also abounds with game of all kinds, as well as veins of gold, silver, iron, and vitriol. Conegliano, though a large village, has nothing, at present, more remarkable, than being situated on the postroad. We lay this night at Colimbrigo, in an house belonging to an English merchant, settled at Venice; which obliged us to deviate a little from the direct road to Gorizia. From thence, the next morning, we proceeded to Conegliano, where we met with nothing remarkable, This place stands on the river Mottegano, whose source is on a hill, near the town of Ceneda. The people of Treviso, though subject to the Venetians, seemed extremely incensed against the French, and their allics, for seizing upon the Milaneze, and so unjustly attacking the House of Austria.

The next place, in the road to Gorizia, where fresh horses are to be taken, is Sacil, a post and half distant from Conegliano. This village, which stands on the Livenza, at present makes no figure, but was formerly a bishop's see, and under the patriarch of Aquileia. Pordenon, a post from Sacil, is, at present, likewise very obscure. Between Pordenon and Codroipo we passed the Tajamento, or, as the natives call it, Tagliamento, a river of some note, on account of the swiftness and rapidity of its stream. The Tagliamento we take to be the Tilaventum Majus of Pliny, and the Tilos of Ptolemy, From Pordenon to Codroipo is one post. Codroipo is a large village, and has a pleasant situation. Many of the women, in these parts, have a very masculine air, quite void of that softness so natural to their sex. We found the

* See the Theatre delle Cittá 'Italia of Signior Francesco Bartelli, printed at Padua, in 1629.

Italian here, for the most part, very corrupt, and sometimes scarce intelligible.

From Codroipo we went to Palma, Palmada, or Palma Nova, a fortress belonging to the most serene Republic of Venice, and two posts distant from Codroipo. This fortress, which is seated in Friuli, was built by the Venetians, in 1593 and 1594. It was intended to repress the courses of the Turks, who sometimes, before the erection of it, committed, on the coast of the Adriatic, dreadful depredations, and, in the reign of Mohammed the Great, A. D. 1477, made an incursion as far as Treviso. The Doge Pascale Ciconia, who then presided over the Venetian State, likewise imagined, that it might serve as a barrier to the Venetian territories, on that side, against any attempts of the House of Austria. The plans of this fortezza, given us by Signior Francisco Bertelli, in 1629, and Dr. Brown, in 1669, do, in the main, agree; neither is the present face of it much different from these plans. It is, perhaps, one of the largest regular fortifications in Europe. The town, exclusive of the fortification, forms a circle, whose diameter is six hundred paces. There are near seven hundred pieces of cannon in the place. For a particular description of it, the curious may have recourse to the above-mentioned Signior Bertelli and Dr. Brown.

To oblige our curious readers, we shall here give them the original names of the bastions of Palma, viz.

We staid some time at Palma, to refresh ourselves, and to learn the strength, and other particulars, of the place. In answer to some of our queries, we were told, that the fortezza was garisoned only by ten companies of Venetian foot, three of Sclavonians, and a small body of horse; and that General Mocenigo commanded there. The cattle of this country, as well as those of Carniola and Carinthia, are, in many parts, extrremely small. The habits of the women, and particularly their hats or caps, betwixt Palma and Gorizia, differ considerably from those used in any other part of Italy.

Between Palma and Gorizia, which are distant two posts, taking a sort of detour, we passed through Strasoldo, Villes, and Gradisca. Strasoldo is a little village with a tower, not far from the river Lisonzo, or Lisonczo, and probably gave a title to the Counts of Strasoldo, one of which family, if we mistake not, was an Imperial General, employed by the Emperor Leopold against the Hungarian malecontents, in the year 1680. Villes is likewise a small village, seated almost in the midway, between Strasoldo and Gradisca. But Gradisca † is a pretty con

The Latin name of Friuli is Forum Julii; which some take to be derived from that of its principal city, so called from Julius Cæsar, who led a body of his troops through this country against the Helvetians. Be that as it will, the city of Friuli, or Forum Julii, now the Cividad di Friuli, a place strong by its situation, was destroyed by Cancanus, King of Bavaria, according to Paulus Diaconus; or, as others will have it, Cagana the Pannonian. Pliny calls the people of Friuli Forojulienses Transpadani, to distinguish them from the Forojulienses Cispa dani, seated in Umbria, and tells us that their territory produced excellent wine.

+Gradisca is supposed, by Claverius, to be the same place with the Ad undecimum Lapidem of the antient Romans,