9. X is settled on the list of contributories of a limited trading company in voluntary liquidation, and is called upon to pay calls made by the liquidator. X in his character as a member is owed a considerable sum by the company, and claims to set off this amount against the claim for calls. Can he do so? If not, has he any other right in respect of such amount?

10. Discuss and illustrate the circumstances in which an action can successfully be brought by a person who has entered into a special contract part of which remains unperformed.

11. State shortly the rules relating to the liability of a husband on his wife's contracts when she is living apart from him.

12. Discuss shortly the question of liability on accounts stated.

MENSURATION AND DRAWING.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Deduce the formulæ for the volumes of a sphere and a cone.

2. Describe fully the following drawing instruments, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the different constructions, and describe the methods of using them:-Drawing pen, compasses, proportional compasses, parallel ruler.

3. What is the weight of a cast-iron water main 1 mile long consisting of pipes 12 inches internal diameter and 1 inch thick? Allow 4% for weight of sockets.

4. The base of the Great Pyramid was originally 765 feet square and the height 480 feet. The outer casing, 9 feet thick, was made of limestone, covering an interior mass of cheaper material. What is the volume in cubic yards—

(a) of the whole Pyramid ?

(b) Of the limestone casing?

5. A water supply channel 1 mile long has an average depth of 4 feet. The bottom width is 5 feet and side slopes 2 to 1. When running under the conditions for which it is designed it is filled to a depth of 2 feet, the mean velocity being 2 feet per second. What is the total cost of excavating the channel at 5d. per cube yard, and the total discharge in gallons per day?

SURVEYING AND LEVELLING.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe fully the construction and adjustment of— (a) The Transit Theodolite.

(b) The Dumpy Level.

2. Give an outline of the methods adopted in fixing soundings, and prove the formula given for the Three Point Problem in the sheet supplied to you.

3. From the following observations, taken on 14th September, 1897, compute the height of Mount Dandenong, having given-cistern of barometer at University, 145 4 feet above sea level; cistern of barometer at Mount Dandenong, 4.5 feet below summit; correction for barometric grade, +12.5 feet :

At 4.20

p.m., observations on Mount Dandenong

Siphon Mercurial B. upper limb 31.302

SURVEYING AND LEVELLING.

THIRD PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Give a general description of the tides, and explain the more important variations. Describe the methods usually adopted in tide gauging on a hydrographic survey and at an important seaport, and show what precautions are necessary to secure accuracy in each case. Point out the general range of the tides on the coasts of Australia, and explain the special peculiarities of those in Port Phillip Bay.

2. Deduce the formulæ necessary in computing altitudes by vertical angles, and show the conditions necessary to obtain accuracy.

The angle of elevation observed to a point 20 feet above the summit of Arthur's Seat from a hill 54,700 feet distant is 0° 53′, the theodolite being 132 feet above sea level. What is the height of the mountain, and what reliance would you place on the result obtained, the observation being taken with a 12-inch theodolite in good adjustment and reading to 10 seconds?

ADVANCED SURVEYING.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. A pipe line one and a half miles long leaves a reservoir at a point 20 feet below the waterlevel. The first half-mile of pipe is 12 inches, the next 9 inches, and the third 8 inches in diameter; the discharge is into open air at a point 50 feet below the water-level, and the pipe is below the hydraulic grade line throughout. Draw the hydraulic grade line, and compute the discharge in gallons per minute, assuming that a vena contracta mouth-piece is used.

2. What are the points to be considered in selecting and grading a road line between two towns on the opposite sides of a mountain range of considerable height, and how would you set about the work?

3. How would you determine the amount of water-way necessary for a bridge crossing a river below an important town?

4. Define the following terms:-Actual Grade, Virtual Grade, and Ruling Grade. The ruling grade on a road is generally much steeper than on a railway. Point out the reason of this.

5. Deduce the formulæ used for reduction to the

centre and reduction to sea-level on a geodetic survey. What is the phase of trigonometrical station, and how can it be eliminated?