GREEK.-PART II. (COMPOSITION AND UNSEEN TRANSLATION.)

The Board of Examiners.

1. Translate into Greek Prose

What reason can be assigned for the fact, that while the wishes of every individual are by the very guidance and impulse of nature directed towards what is good, so small a portion of mankind attain to what is really such? There are four things which I would notice as the causes by which most men are prevented from the attainment of what is really great and good. In some it is error of judgment, and that in two ways: either they are shackled by false views, and so, passing over what is really good, they embrace some delusive and profitless object; or having decided truly enough what ought to be the object of their pursuit, they set about attaining it in other ways but the right. In another class it is a want of perseverance and constancy having at first set themselves to what is good, and entered on the path which leads to their object, they afterwards take another direction, either frightened by the difficulties which arise, or drawn aside by their own levity.

2. Translate

τὸν γὰρ ἐν ̓Αμφίσσῃ πόλεμον, δι' ὃν εἰς Ελάτειαν ἦλθε Φίλιππος καὶ δι ̓ ὃν ᾑρέθη τῶν ̓Αμφικτυόνων ἡγεμὼν, ὃς ἅπαντ ̓ ἀνέτρεψε τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ συγκατασκευάσας καὶ πάντων εἷς ἀνὴρ τῶν μεγίστων αἴτιος κακῶν. καὶ τότ ̓ εὐθὺς ἐμοῦ διαμαρτυρομένου καὶ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ

ἐκκλησίᾳ, Πόλεμον εἰς τὴν ̓Αττικὴν εἰσάγεις, Αἰσχίνη, πόλεμον 'Αμφικτυονικόν, οἱ μὲν οὐκ εἴων με λέγειν, οἱ δ' ἐθαύμαζον καὶ κενὴν αἰτίαν διὰ τὴν ἰδίαν ἔχθραν ἐπάγειν με ὑπελάμβανον αὐτῷ. ἥτις δ ̓ ἡ φύσις, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, γέγονε τούτων τῶν πραγμάτων, καὶ τίνος ἕνεκα ταῦτα συνεσκευάσθη καὶ πῶς ἐπράχθη, νῦν ἀκούσατε, ἐπειδὴ τότε ἐκωλύθητε καὶ γὰρ εὖ πρᾶγμα συντεθὲν ὄψεσθε, καὶ μεγάλα ὠφελήσεσθε πρὸς ἱστορίαν τῶν κοινῶν, καὶ ὅση δεινότης ἦν ἐν τῷ Φιλίππῳ θεάσεσθε. οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πρὸς ὑμᾶς πολέμου πέρας οὐδ ̓ ἀπαλλαγὴ Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους καὶ Θετταλοὺς ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει ἀλλὰ καίπερ ἀθλίως καὶ κακῶς τῶν στρατηγῶν τῶν ὑμετέρων πολεμούντων αὐτῷ ὅμως ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ πολέμου καὶ τῶν λῃστῶν μυρία ἔπασχε κακά.

LATIN.-PART II. (COMPOSITION AND UNSEEN TRANSLATION.)

The Board of Examiners.

1. Translate into Latin Prose

Epictetus makes use of another allusion, which is very beautiful and wonderfully proper to incline us to satisfaction with our lot, whatever it may be. We are here, he says, as in a theatre, where every man has a part allotted to him. The great duty which lies upon a man is to act his part in perfection. We may indeed say that our part does not suit us and that we could act another better. But this, says the philosopher, is not our business. All that we are concerned in is to excel in the part which is given us. If it be an improper one, the fault is not in us, but in him

who has cast our several parts. This motive to contentment receives a very great enforcement, if we remember that our parts in the other world will be new cast, and that mankind will be there ranged in different stations of superiority, in proportion as they have excelled one another in virtue, and performed in their several parts of life the duties which belonged to them.

2. Translate

Idem, si dei non sint, negat esse in omni natura quidquam homine melius; id autem putare quemquam hominem, nihil homine esse melius, summae arrogantiae censet esse. Sit sane arrogantis pluris se putare quam mundum. At illud non modo non arrogantis sed potius prudentis, intellegere, se habere sensum et rationem, haec eadem Orionem et Caniculam non habere. Et "Si domus pulchra sit, intellegamus eam dominis," inquit," aedificatam esse, non muribus; sic igitur mundum deorum domum existimare debemus." Ita prorsus existimarem,. si illum aedificatum esse, non, quemadmodum docebo, a natura conformatum putarem. enim quaerit apud Xenophontem Socrates, unde animum arripuerimus, si nullus fuerit in mundo. Et ego quaero unde orationem, unde numeros, unde cantus. Nisi vero loqui solem cum luna putamus, cum propius accesserit, aut ad harmoniam canere mundum, ut Pythagoras existimat.

At

COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

SECOND YEAR.

Professor Tucker.

1. Shew the necessity, and illustrate the application, of the "Comparative" and "Historical" method in the treatment of etymologies.

2. Deal fully with the question how far the usual threefold morphological division of languages can be upheld.

Compare the morphological devices employed in (a) Basque, (b) Malayo-Polynesian, (c) Semitic.

3. Give an account of polysynthesis, and the languages which shew it.

4. Write a full but concise essay on vocabulary as a criterion of genealogical relationship, making particularly clear how cognate vocabulary is tested.

5. Give an account (i) of the general character, (ii) of the particular branches of (a) the Positional (Isolating) languages, (b) the Ural-Altaic tongues.

6. How far can we get in the examination of the principles of word-formation in Indo-European?

7. Narrate tersely the history of (i) the Greek language, (ii) the West Teutonic group of dialects down to the present day.

3. Explain fully the terms voice, pitch, stress, glide, nasal, diphthong.

Also explain (and illustrate with diagrams) the difference between the production of one Vowel and that of another.

9. Write a succinct essay upon the statement that "phonetic laws are invariable," making clear what is meant by a "law."

In the application of "Grimm's law" to modern English, what considerations and consequent exceptions have to be taken into account? Discuss father, daughter in the light of Skt. pitar, duhitar.

10. Give an account of the history of current alphabets.

COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

THIRD YEAR.

Professor Tucker.

N.B.-Examples are required in all cases.

1. State the possible origins of Greek oo, %, π, 0. Shew what the Latin would give in each corresponding case.

2. Explain "Epenthesis" (distinguishing it carefully from "Compensatory Lengthening") and "Metathesis of Quantity.

3. Deal fully with the history of the liquid sonants in Greek and Latin.