date nor author, but of superior skill in drafting, which is called Carte de l'Amérique septentrionale et partie de la meridionale avec les nouvelles decouvertes de la Rivière Mississipi, ou Colbert. It records an event of 1679 in a legend, and omits the lower Mississippi; which would indicate that the record was made before the results of La Salle's explorations were known.1 A sketch of the Map of 1682 is given herewith from a copy in the Barlow Collection.

From La Salle, on his arrival in Quebec late in 1683, Franquelin undoubtedly got new and trustworthy information of that explorer's expedition down the Mississippi; and this he embodied in what is usually known as Franquelin's Great Map of 1684. It professed to have been made in Paris, and as Franquelin was not in that city in 1684, Harrisse contends that it was the work of De la Croix upon Franquelin's material. It is called Carte de la Louisiane, ou des voyages du Sieur de la Salle et des pays qu'il a découverts depuis

1 Parkman, La Salle, p. 455; this is Harrisse's no. 219; cf. his no. 223.

1

2

la Nouvelle-France jusqu'au Golfe de Mexique, les années 1679-80-81 et 82, par JeanBaptiste Louis Franquelin, l'an 1684, Paris. It was formerly in the Archives du Dépôt de la Marine; but Harrisse 1 reports it as missing from that repository, and describes it from the accounts given by Parkman and by Thomassy. A manuscript copy of this map was made for Mr. Parkman, which is now in Harvard College Library, and from this copy another copy was made in 1856, which is now in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa. Mr. Parkman's copy has been used in the annexed sketch.

1 Notes, etc. (1872), no. 222.

of the part showing La Salle's colony on the Illi

2 La Salle, pp. 295, 455, where is a fac-simile nois; and Géologie pratique de la Louisiane, p. 227.

`;LE GRAND BANC`·.

FRANQUELIN'S 1684 MAP.

Harrisse says that De la Croix made the Carte de l'Amérique septent‚1 which also purports to be Franquelin's, and shows the observations of “douze années.” Harrisse places this map also in 1684, for the reason that a third map by Franquelin, Carte de la Amérique septentrionale,2 is dated 1688, and claims to embody the observations of "plus de 16 années," giving names and legends not in the earlier ones.

"It indicates,” says Mr. Neill, "the post which had been recently established by Du Lhut near the lower extremity of Lake Huron, and gives the present name, Manitoulin, to the large island of Lake Huron, and marks on the west shore a Baye de Saginnam. It places the mission on the south shore of Sault Ste. Marie, and names the rivers and points on the north and south shores of Lake Superior. A stream near the present northern boundary-line of the United States is called ' R. des Grossillers,' after the first explorer of Minnesota. The river entering Lake Superior at the present Fort William is 'Kamanistigouian, ou Les Trois Rivières.' Isle Royale is called ' Isle Royale is called 'Minong;' upon the northeast part of 'Lac Alepimigon' is Du Lhut's post, 'Fort La Tourette.' At the portage between the sources of the St. Croix and a stream entering Lake Superior is Fort St. Croix,' which Bellin says was afterward abandoned. The St. Croix River is called 'R. de la Magdelaine.' At the lower extremity of Lake Pepin is 'Fort St. Antoine;' and the site of the present town of Prairie du Chien, near the mouth of the Wisconsin, appears as 'Fort St. Nicolas,' named in compliment to the baptismal name of Perrot. The Minnesota River is marked Les Mascoutens Nadouescioux,' indicating that it ran through the country of the Prairie Sioux. After Pierre Le Sueur had explored this river, De l'Isle, in his map of 1703, gives it the name of St. Pierre, as it is supposed in compliment to Le Sueur."

4

A map of the next year (1689), also in the Archives, claims to be based on "Mémoires et relations qu'il a eu soin de recueillir pendant pres de 17 années." Harrisse thinks this also a copy by De la Croix, and notes others of the probable dates of 1692 and 1699 respectively. Harrisse also records 5 a manuscript map, "composée, corrigée, et augmentée sur les journaux, mémoires, et observations les plus justes qui en ont été ftes en l'année 1685 et 1686," which is also preserved in the French Archives; and a Carte Gëralle du voyage que Mons De Meulles a fait; . . . commencé le 9 Novembre et finy le

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6o Fuillet, 1686, which was dedicated to Seignelay in the same year.

7

Parkman says of the maps of Franquelin subsequent to his Great Map of 1684, that they all have more or less of its features, but that the 1684 map surpasses them all in interest and completeness.

It is convenient to complete here this enumeration of the maps of the western lakes and the Mississippi basin before we turn to La Salle's explorations from the Gulf side.

One of the earliest of the printed maps is that called Partie occidentale du Canada, ou de la Nouvelle France, ou sont les nations des Ilinois, de Tracy, les Iroquois, et plusieurs autres peuples, avec la Louisiane nouvellement découverte, par le P. Coronelli, corrigée et augmentée par le Sr. Tillemon à Paris, 1688, of which the annexed sketch follows a copy in Harvard College Library. This was united with the Partie orientale in 1689 in a single smaller map.8

1 Harrisse, no. 223.

2 Harrisse, no. 234; Parkman, p. 457.

This also, according to Harrisse, is now missing; but the Catalogue (1858, p. 1616) of the Library of Parliament (Ottawa) shows a copy as sent by Duchesneau to Colbert, and it has been engraved in part for the first time in Neill's History of Minnesota, 4th ed., 1882. Another copy is in the Kohl Collection (Department of State) at Washington. A copy of Neill's engraving is given herewith.

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