JOLIET, MARQUETTE, AND LA SALLE. The Editor ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of the Ottawa Route (1640–1650), 202; Dollier and Gali- née's Explorations, 203; Lakes and the Mississippi, 206; Joliet's Map (1673- 74), 208; Fac-simile of Joliet's Letter, 210; Joliet's Larger Map (1674), 212, 213; Joliet's Smaller Map, 214; Basin of the Great Lakes, 215; Joliet's Carte Générale, 218; Marquette's Genuine Map, 220; Mississippi Valley (1672–73), 221; Fort Frontenac, 222; Map by Franquelin (1682), 227; (1684), 228; (1688), 230-231; by Coronelli et Tillemon (1688), 232; by Raffeix (1688), 233; Ontario and Erie, by Raffeix (1688), 234; by Raudin, 235; La Salle's Camp, 236; Map by Minet (1685), 237; Murder of La Salle, 243; Portrait FATHER LOUIS HENNEPIN. The Editor · 247 ILLUSTRATIONS: Niagara Falls, 248; Hennepin's Map (1683), 249; (1697), 251, BARON LA HONTAN. The Editor € 257 ILLUSTRATIONS: La Hontan's Map (1709), 258, 259; (1703), 260; his Rivière The Jesuits, RecOLLECTS, AND THE INDIANS. John Gilmary Shea CRITICAL ESSAY 263 290 ILLUSTRATION: J. S. Clarke's Map of the Mission Sites among the Iroquois, 293. 295 THE JESUIT RELATIONS. The Editor ILLUSTRATIONS: A Canadian (Creuxius), 297; Map of Indian Tribes in the Ohio 311; Courcelle, 311; Le Mercier, 311; De Salignac, 312; Jacques Mar- FRONTENAC AND HIS TIMES. George Stewart, Jr. ILLUSTRATIONS: Early View of Quebec, 320; Canadian on Snow Shoes, 331; AUTOGRAPHS: Louis XIV., 323; Frontenac, 326; Duchesneau, 334; Seignelay, EDITORIAL NOTES. ILLUSTRATIONS: Quebec Medal, 361; Plan of Attack on Quebec (1690), 362, AUTOGRAPHS: Monseignat, 364; Frontenac, 364; William Phips, 364; John GENERAL ATLASES AND CHARTS OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. The Editor. ILLUSTRATIONS: Title of Wytfliet's Atlas, 370; Gerard Mercator, 371; Abraham Ortelius, 372; Mercator's Mappemonde (1569), 373. AUTOGRAPHS: Gerardus Mercator, 371; Abraham Ortelius, 372. ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of Molineaux (1600), 377; of Botero (1603), 378; Lescar- bot's Newfoundland (1609), 379; Map by Champlain (1612), 380, 381; (1613), 382; by Jacobsz (1621), 383; by Briggs (1625), 383; by Speed (1626), 384; by De Laet, 384; by Jannson, 385; by Visscher, 385; by Champlain (1632), 386, 387; by Dudley (1647), 388; by Creuxius (1660), 389; by Covens and Mortier, 390; by Gottfried (1655), 390; by Sanson (1656), 391; by Blaeu (1662), 391; in Ogilby's America (1670), 392, 393; in Campanius (1702), 394. 317 361 NEW NETHERLAND, OR THE DUTCH IN NORTH AMERICA. Berthold Fernow 395 AUTOGRAPHS: Peter Minuet, 398; Julian Van Rensselaer, 400; W. van Twiller, ILLUSTRATIONS: Ribero's Map (1529), 413; Dutch Vessels (1618), 415; The Figurative Map (1616), 433; De Laet's Map (1630), 436; Visscher's Map, 438; Van der Donck's Map (1656), 438. AUTOGRAPHS: Johan De Laet, 417; Henry C. Murphy, 418; James Lenox, 418; ILLUSTRATION: Map of New York and Vicinity (1666), 440. 443 NEW SWEDEN, OR THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE. Gregory B. Keen AUTOGRAPHS: Willem Usselinx, 443; Gustavus Adolphus, 444; Axel Oxen- A INTRODUCTION. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA BY NATHANIEL S. SHALER, Professor of Paleontology in Harvard University. TH Part E. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA. HE continents of the earth have two distinct types of form,—the one regular, symmetrical, triangular in outline; the other without these regularities of shape. To the first of these groups belong the continents of Africa and Australia of the Old World, and the two Americas of the New; to the second, the massive continent of Europe and Asia. Some have sought to reduce the continent of Asia to the same type as that of the other continents; but a glance at a map of the hemispheres will show how different is this Indo-European continent from the other land-masses. These general features of the continents are not only of scientific interest; they are of the utmost importance to the history of man's development upon these several lands. It is not without meaning, that, while man has existed for a great length of time upon all the continents, the only original civilizations that have been developed have been on the lands of the Indo-European continent. Working on several different lines of advance, several diverse races Aryan, Semitic, Chinese, and perhaps others have risen from the common plane of barbarism, and have created complicated social systems, languages, literatures, and arts; while on the four other continents, despite their great area, greater fertility, and wider range of physical conditions, no race has ever had a native development to be compared with that undergone by the several successful races of Asia and Europe.1 In this great Old-World continent there are many highly individualized areas, each separated from the rest of the continent by strong geographical barriers; it has a dozen 1 Egypt may perhaps afford an exception; but it is probable that the germs of its civilization came from Asia. All its relations are essentially Asiatic. |