Flanders; exportation of wool to, temp. Ed. III. 56; prohibition, by the
Duke of Brabant, against the exportation of gold and silver from, 56.
Forbonnais, calculations of on the supply of gold and silver, 41; on the
policy of Colbert, 70-74; character of his work, 141.

Forgery of a Bank of England note, the first instance, 254.
France, transit trade through, in the 16th century, 43; disorders in,
after death of Henri IV. and retirement of Sully, 66; Colbert's ad-
ministration in, 70, 71; Tariff of, 1644, 71; exportation of tur-
pentine and pitch prohibited, 1714, 70; traditions of the feudal
system of, 131; condition of the industrious classes and general
misery in, during the reign of Louis XIV., 132; state of monetary
affairs in, in 1790, described by M. Thiers, 259; opinion of Bailly,
263; letter of Short to Governeur Morris, 261.

G.

66

Galiani, Abbé, his "Trattato della Moneta," 164; remarks of, on An-
tonio Serra, 8. 51; his dialogues "Sur le Commerce des Grains,"
153.
Gluts, origin of, 236; the result of a faulty application of productive
power, 237; Mr. M'Culloch's observations upon cause of occasional,
244.
Godwin, his treatise upon "Political Justice," 200; his views of mo-
narchical institutions, 200; on the established administration of
property, 201; on population, 201; his essay on Avarice and Pro-
fusion," 203.
Gold, run upon the bank for, 264; its value in 1810, 266; as a fixed
measure of value, Mr. Huskisson's remarks on, 275; and silver,
Stafford's observations on the value of, 19; exportation of, 23; cal-
culations of Forbonnais, 41; calculations of Jacob, 41; and silver,
prohibition against the exportation of, from Flanders, 56; or silver,
strictly speaking, never productive when discharging the functions
of money, 243.

Gournay, De, his views of commerce, 152.

H.

Harman, Mr., evidence of, on the panic of 1825, 281.

Hearth Money in Ireland, 214.

Holland, experience of, as to paper money, 101.

Horner, Mr., on the misery occasioned by the failure of the country
banks, 278.

Huskisson, his opinion of Commerce, 139; on gold as a fixed measure
of value, 275.

India, intercourse with, by way of the Cape of Good Hope, and its
effect upon commerce, 46; East India Company, 60. 62; East India
trade, 54.

Indies, discovery of, 6.

Indies, Company of, 121; rise and fall of its shares, 124; total stock,
126; Dutot's opinion of its solvency, 126; reduction of the value
of its shares, 127. (See also Company of the West.)
Institutions, social, effect of, 224; of the middle ages, 246.
Ireland, present calamities in, 213. 221; population of, 214, 215;
Mr. Wakefield's account of, 214; partnership leases, 214; minute
subdivision of lands, 215; bounties on the exportation of corn,
effect of the bounty system on the population, 215; operation of the
bounty acts, 217; the exports of corn no index of the surplus
power of the people to feed themselves, 216; cultivation and
consumption of the potato, 216; returns furnished by Mr. Griffiths,
216.

214;

J.

Jacob, calculations of, in his work on the precious metals, 41.
James, King, I., policy of, in his prohibitory laws, 34; prohibitions and
monopolies by, 50.

K.

King, lord, his "Thoughts on the Effects of the Bank restrictions,"
270.

L.

Labour, on the division of, 165; Adam Smith's illustration, 165;
Adam Smith's application of the terms productive and unproductive
labour, 171, 172; opinions of Mr. Malthus upon, 174; M. Ques-
nay's view, 175; Mr. Senior's, 176; obstructions to, 184; state
regulations as to, 184; free circulation of, 184; effect of the law of
settlement upon, 185; views of the French economists, 192; Say
on subdivision of, 231; international division of, 245.

Land, proposal of John Law to issue notes on security of, 100;
inquiry as to the security of, compared with that of silver, 102;
opinions of Mr. Ricardo upon the subject, 105; remarks on invest-
ments in, 108.

Law, John, submits to the parliament of Scotland in 1705 his
memoir entitled "Money and Trade considered, with a proposal for
supplying the State with Money," 93; his arguments against a
metallic currency, 92; his opinions upon value, 93, 94; his remarks
on the advantages of paper money, 96; his proposal to the parlia-
ment of Scotland to issue notes on security of land, 100; contem-
plates uniting the advantages of the bank of Amsterdam with those

of the Bank of England, in one establishment, 110; establishes a
private bank in France, 112; "Notice Historique sur Law," 112;
success of Law's bank, 113; its effect upon the circulation, 114;
his idea of a national bank to have the entire management of the
public revenue, 115; authorised by letters patent to form "La Com-
pagnie d'Occident," 116; his bank taken into the hands of the
government and declared a royal bank, 118; doubts as to the extent
of issues of Law's bank, 119; his speculations to raise the price of
the shares of the company of the West, 120, 121; his final measure,
122; undertakes to pay off the public debt, 122; difficulty of his
system, 124; his fundamental idea, 125; confounded money with
wealth, 128; faulty foundation of his scheme, 129.

List, Dr. Friedrich, his Natural System of Political Economy, 247;
character of his system, 248; described in the Edinburgh Review,
248; treatise on the subject by H. F. Osiander, 248; and Pro-
fessor Rau, 249; his notions on exports of raw materials and food,
249; his criterion of a wealthy nation, 249; his opinion refuted
by experience, 249; his opinion that poverty and rudeness are the
inevitable accompaniment of the agricultural state, 251.

Liverpool, Lord, on discredit and bankruptcy, 281.

Locke, his "Essay on Government,” 86–163; his idea of value, 87;
his "Treatise on Money," 90-164.

Louis XIV., accession of, 67.

Louisiana, charter of exclusive commerce with, granted to Crozat, 116;
sovereignty and exclusive commerce afterwards vested in La Com-
pagnie d'Occident, 116.

Lyons, expostulations from the city of, against the levying of transit
dues, 43.

M.

Machinery, results of improved, 236.

M'Culloch, on the system of Quesnay, 150; on the issues of the Bank
of England, 267; his edition of Ricardo's works, 272-quoted
passim.

Malthus, his principles of political economy; remarks on the relative
prices of corn and labour, 151-174.

his Essay upon the Principles of Population, 203; his infer-
ence of the geometrical increase of population, 205; on the connection
between the supply of food and the advance of population, 206;
experience of the two hemispheres thereon, 206; increase of produce
arithmetical, 207; the increase of subsistence not commensurate
with the increase of population, 209; his classification of the checks
on population, 212; on the cause of the retarded progress of popu-
lation, 212; object of his work, 213; his opponents, 217; and their
cpinions on the vicious distribution of wealth, 221; his over-
earnestness, 221; defect in his system, 222; his correspondence with
Mr. Senior, 223; his objections to M. Say's definition of wealth,
229.

Malynes, Gerard, opinion of, that the Dutch could not subsist without
English cloths, 35; opposed by Misselden in his Circle of Com-
merce, 35.

Manufactures, profits of, 182.

Melon, Jean Francois, Essai Politique sur le Commerce of, 138; his
view of commerce, 138; on the alterations in the coinage, 140.
Mengotti, his treatise on Colbertism, 75; his theory of value, 77.
Mercantile system, theory of, attributed by Blanqui to the Spaniards,

51; extract from the treatise of M. Ustaritz on the theory and prac-
tice of commerce, 51; observations of Mr. Mun upon, 53; evils
of, 57.

Merchant Adventurers, petition against the monopoly of, 50.

Metals, precious, Serra's theory of, 10; views upon, by Antonio de
Santis, 10; demonetised by the French government, 125. (See also
Specie, Bullion, Gold, Silver.)

Misselden, treatise of, entitled Circle of Commerce, 35.

Money, inefficiency of laws prohibiting the exportation of, 12; func-
tions of, 95; Law's idea of, 98; Mr. Norman's letter on, 107; De
Boisguillebert on the supposed deficiency of, 135; Say's remarks
upon, 232. 234.

Monopolies and prohibitions in reigns of James I. and Charles I. 50.
Montesquieu upon commerce and its effects, 240, 241; on trade with

the Indies, 242; remarks upon the exportation of produce from
Poland, 250.

Morris, Governeur, his letter to Washington on the issue of assignâts,
259; letter of William Short to, 261.
Mun, Thomas, ingenious comparison of, 47; his treatise entitled "Trea-
sure by Foreign Trade," presented by the East India Company to
Parliament in 1620, 48; his Discourse on Trade, reprinted in
Purchas's Pilgrims, furnishing a summary of the East India Com-
pany's trade during the first twenty years, 48; arguments of, 53.
Mushet, his inquiry upon the currency, 274.

N.

Nations, interests of, reciprocal, 239. 243; beautiful theory of M.
Say, 239.

Necker, projects an extension of the Caisse d'Escompte, 258; effect of
his policy on agriculture, 153.

North, Sir Dudley, his Discourses on Trade, 83; referred to by Mr.
M'Culloch, in his Introductory Discourse on the Wealth of Nations,
83, 84.

Nimeguen, peace of, 72.

0.

Occupations, Stafford's observations on the decay of, 21.

Orleans, the Regent of France, 91; financial state of France under, 92.
Osiander, treatise of, upon the system of Dr. List, 248.

Panic, of 1792, 256. 258; of 1825, 280, 281.

Paper-money, opinions as to its advantages, 96; experience of Holland
in, 101; opinions of Mr. Ricardo, 104; Adam Smith on, 191;
Thornton's Enquiry into the Paper Credit of Great Britain, 257.
268. (See also Currency.)

Paris-Duverney, his criticism on Dutot's treatise Sur les Finances, 140.
Parsimony, Adam Smith on the effects of, 192.

Patent for dressing and dyeing cloth, granted by King James to Alder-
man Cockaine, 33; voted by the Commons a monopoly and grievance,
and cancelled, 33.

Pecchio, Count, on the effect of Bandini's work, 158.

Peel, Mr., bill of, for the resumption of cash payments, 279; Sir R.
Peel's Bank Charter Act, 282.

Petty, Sir William, his work on Taxes and Contributions, 64. 164;
his Political Arithmetic, 64; genius of, 89.

Þiλóжαтρic, a pamphlet, attributed by the British Merchant, to Sir
Josiah Child, 63.

Poland, remarks of Montesquieu on the exportation of produce from,
250.

Policy, A Briefe Conceipte of English, a work published in 1581, 17;
reprinted in 1751, as the work of "William Shakspeare, gent," 17;
proved to be the work of “ William Stafford, gentleman,” 18.
Population, its relation to produce, 195; its increase considered by
the antients a decisive mark of national prosperity, 196; privileges
and exemptions granted to fathers of families, 196; modern legisla-
tion, 197; exemption from taxes granted by stat. 46 Geo. 3. to
fathers of more than two legitimate children, 197; laws of France
and Italy upon the subject, 197; consideration of the subject, 198;
contrast between the two hemispheres, 198; Godwin's remarks, 201;
Condorcet, 202; essays of Malthus on, 203. 205; variations of in-
crease, 204; experience of the old and new worlds, 205, 206; in-
crease of, geometrical, 205; controlled by the supply of food, 208;
tables of Quetelet, 211; natural course of society, 224; misery a
necessary consequence of population outstripping subsistence, 213;
vice not an inevitable attendant on population, being restrained with-
in the limits of subsistence, 213; present desolation of Ireland,
213; returns of population in Ireland, 214, 215.

Price, real, defined, 167; distinguished from value, 167; natural, 170;
natural and market, 179; elements of, 180; effects of diminished,
181; Adam Smith on, 77.

Produce, net theory of, of the French Economists shown to be untenable
by Adam Smith, 3; Mercier de la Rivière on, 182; on the scarcity
of, 234; relation of population to, 195; its increase arithmetical,
207; effects of the policy of excluding foreign from the home mar-
ket, 239; circumstances which may limit the consumption of, 251.
Products immaterial, 229; Mr. Senior's use of the term, 230.
Production, on the cost of; views of Ricardo and Adam Smith, 188;
opens outlets for produce, 235.