ORDER III.

THORACIC.

Ventral Fins under the Pectoral.

Genus COTTUS, BULL-HEAD.

Head broader than the body, spiny. Eyes vertical, and
furnished with a nictitating membrane. Gill-mem-
brane 6 rayed. Body (in most species), without scales,
attenuated towards the tail. Dorsal fins (in most spe-
cies), two.

C. Gobio, River Bull-Head. Chap. XVIII. pp. 260, 262.
Bull-Head, variegated with
The Head furnished with a

Smooth yellowish-olive
black; beneath whitish.
spine on each side.

Genus PERCA, PERCH.

Teeth sharp, incurvate.

leaved), scaly, serrated.
part.

Gill-covers triphyllous (three

Dorsal fin spiny on the fore

Scales (in most species) hard and rough.

P. Fluviatilis, Common Perch. Chap. XII. page 214.

Olivaceous Perch, with transverse semi-decurrent blackish bands. Dorsal fin subviolaceous, the rest

red.

P. Cernua, Ruffe-Perch. Chap. xv. page 236.

Sub-olivaceous Perch speckled with black, with 15 spines in the Dorsal fin.

N. B. The large Eyes (Oculi magni), which are noticed in Linnæus's description, are well expressed in the Plate.

Genus GASTEROSTEUS, STICKLEBACK.

Body somewhat lengthened. Dorsal spines distinct. Ventral fins spiny, Abdomen carinated on the sides, and bony beneath.

G. Aculeatus, Common Stickleback. Chap. XVIII. pp.
260, 263.

Olivaceous Stickleback, silvery-red beneath, with 3
Dorsal spines.

ORDER IV.

ABDOMINAL.

Ventral Fins behind, or beyond the Pectoral.

Genus COBITIS, LOCHE.

Mouth (in most species) bearded. Eyes situated in the upper part of the head. Body nearly of equal thickness, from head to tail. Scales small, easily deciduous. Air

bladder hard, or osseous.

C. Barbatula, Common Loche. Chap. XVIII. pp. 260,

262.

Yellow-gray Loche, with dusky variegations, small compressed head and 6 beards.

Genus SALMO, Salmon.

Head compressed, smooth. Tongue cartilaginous.
Teeth, both in the jaws, and on the tongue.
Gill-
membrane from 4 to 10 rayed. Body compressed,
furnished at the hind part with an Adipose fin.
S. Salar, Common Salmon. Chap VII. page 173.
Silvery-gray spotted Salmon, with the jaws (in the
male) incurvated.

S. Fario, Common Trout. Chap. V. page 122.

Yellowish-gray Salmon with red spots, and lower jaw rather longer than the upper.

S. Salmulus, Samlet. Chap. IV. page 108.

Bluish-gray Salmon, with distant reddish spots and forked tail.

Note. Pennant seems to have established this as a distinct species, and not the fry of the Salmon, which some have supposed. One conclusive reason amongst others is, that they are furnished with roes, and are therefore to be considered as fullgrown fishes. A similar inference may be made with respect to the White-Bait of the Thames. S. Thymallus, Grayling Salmon. Chap. VI. page 167. Gray Salmon, with longitudinal dusky blue lines, and violet-colored Dorsal fin barred with brown.

Genus Esox, PIKE.

Head somewhat flattened above. Mouth wide. Teeth sharp, in the jaws, palate, and tongue. Body lengthened. Dorsal and Anal fins (in most species) placed near the tail, and opposite each other.

E. Lucius, Common Pike.
Grayish-olive Pike, with
pressed subequal jaws.

Genus CYPRINUs, Carp.

Chap. VIII. page 184. yellowish spots, and de

Teeth in the throat.

Gill

Mouth small and toothless.
membrane 3 rayed. Ventral fins, in general, 9 rayed.
Note. It is remarkable, that of the twenty-one prin-
cipal Fish which minister to the pleasure of the
Angler, ten belong to this single Genus.

C. Carpio, Common Carp. Chap. IX. page 197.
Yellowish-olive Carp, with wide Dorsal fin, with the
third ray serrated behind.

C. Brama, Bream. Chap. x. page 203.

Broad olivaceous Carp, with flesh-colored Abdomen; smallish Dorsal fin, and 27 rays in the Anal fin. C. Rutilus, Roach. Chap. XVII. page 249.

Yellowish-silvery Carp, with olivaceous back. Dorsal fin brown, the rest reddish, and forked tail.

C. Tinca, Tench. Chap. XI. page 212.

Mucous blackish-olive Carp, with very small scales, and nearly even tail.

C. Barbus, Barbel. Chap. XIV. page 231.

Bluish-white Carp, with 4 beards, olive-colored back, and the first ray of the Dorsal fin serrated on both sides.

C. Feses, Chub. Chap. II. page 97.

Silvery-bluish Carp, with olivaceous back, thick head, and rounded snout.

C. Leuciscus, Dace. Chap. XVII. page 250.

Yellowish-silvery Carp, with olivaceous back, Dorsal fin brown, the rest reddish, and forked tail.

C. Alburnus, Bleak. Chap. XV. page 237.

Silvery Carp, with olivaceous back, 20 rays in the Anal fin, and forked tail.

C. Gobio, Gudgeon. Chap. xv. page 235.

Silvery-Olive Carp, with the upper lip bearded, and the Dorsal fin and tail spotted with black.

C. Phoxinus, Minnow. Chap. XVIII. pages 260, 261. Blackish-green Carp, with blue and yellow variegations; reddish-silvery Abdomen, and forked tail.

PREVIOUS to entering upon the following series

of illustrative Notes, it may be advantageous to state what were the books to which the Authors of the preceding work have referred in the course of it; and, so far as they now can be ascertained, to specify the probable editions which they consulted. By doing this Walton's principal authorities will appear at one view; and by numbering each article separately, a connection will be formed between them and the following Notes, without the continual repetition of the title of any volume which may be referred to. Walton, by an admirable selection of his authors, was enabled to quote not only the best, most learned, and most popular writers of his own time, but he also was rendered capable of citing numerous ancient classics, as well as the works of many eminent foreigners,