clerk STANISLAUS CHAPPUE. This trading house was continued until about 1805. CHAPPUE died in 1854, a few miles above Marinet, on the Menomonee river.

While CHAPPUE was thus employed as clerk, and soon after he went there, JOHN B. BEAUBIEN also established a trading post there.

About 1804 or 1805 LAURENT FILY was sent with a supply of goods by JACOB FRANKS, of Green Bay, to carry on a summer trade at Milwaukee.

JACQUES VIEAU, of Green Bay, commenced trading at Milwaukee previous to 1805, and continued it regularly every winter-except that of 1811-12-until 1818, when SOLOMON JUNEAU, who had married his daughter, went there first as his clerk, and then on his own account. JUNEAU erected a permanent dwelling on a site which is now between Michigan and Huron streets, on the east side of East Water street, and became the first permanent and abiding settler, and lived to see the field of his Indian traffic become the theater of an immense commercial trade. He died in 1856.

After the war with Great Britain JAMES KINZIE was sent there by the American Fur Company with a stock of goods, but did not remain long; and HYPOLITE GRIGNON wintered at Milwaukee about the time Mr. JUNEAU went there.

The Green Bay Intelligencer of April 16, 1834, contains this editorial:

"The Milwaukee country is attracting much attention. A settlement has commenced near its mouth; and there can be no doubt it will be much visited during the coming season by northern emigrants, and by all who fear the bilious fevers and other diseases of more southern latitudes. Two or three young men from the State of New York have commenced the erection of a saw-mill on the first rapid, about three miles above the mouth of the Milwaukee river."

In May, 1835, the fractional township (T. 7, R. 22 E.), in which the city of Milwaukee is situated, was first offered at a public sale, to be held at Green Bay, August 31, 1835. Mr. JUNEAU purchased by right of pre-emption, and the common consent of those attending the land sale, a tract between the Milwaukee river and the lake. BYRON KILBOURN and his associates purchased an extensive tract on the west side of the Milwaukee river, which for some years was called Kilbourntown, and GEORGE H. WALKER made a claim on the south side of the river, for which he ultimately obtained a patent, and which was known as Walker's Point. Some of

the most valuable tracts adjoining these were obtained by "floats," and in that mode or by cash purchases, nearly the entire township passed from the government to individuals.

Among those who came to Milwaukee in 1835 were DANIEL WELLS, Jr., W. W. GILMAN, GEORGE D. DOUSMAN, TALBOT C. DOUSMAN, E. W. EDGERTON, J. HATHAWAY, Jr., JAMES SANDERSON, JAMES CLYMAN, OTIS HUBBARD, SAMUEL BROWN, GEORGE O. TIFFANY, DANIEL H. RICHARDS, BENONI W. FINCH, GEORGE REED, ENOCH CHASE, HORACE CHASE, WILLIAM BROWN, Jr., MILO JONES, ENOCH DARLING, ALBERT FOWLER, C. HARMON, B. DOUGLASS, W. MAITLAND, ALANSON SWEET, HENRY WEST, JAMES H. ROGERS, SAMUEL HINMAN, Mr. LOOMIS, Dr. CLARKE, and Mr. CHILDS, and there were many others.

On the 12th of December, 1835, the first public meeting of citizens for public purposes was held at the house of Mr. CHILDS. B. W. FINCH was called to the chair, and Dr. ENOCH CHASE appointed secretary. The object of the meeting was stated by the chairman to be to adopt measures for petitioning Congress for appropriations for internal improvements, etc. Several committees were appointed to draft memorials, petitions, etc., and the meeting adjourned for one week.

On the 19th of December the meeting reassembled and, in the absence of the chairman, B. DOUGLASS was called to the chair. Petitions for the passage of a pre-emption law; for an appropriation for constructing a canal from Milwaukee to Rock river; and another for a light-house and harbor, were reported and adopted.

A committee, consisting of Lieut. CLYMAN, ALBERT FOWLER, ALANSON SWEET, and Drs. CHASE and CLARKE, was appointed to correspond with the settlers of the mining country on the subject of a communication between the two places.

ALANSON SWEET, HENRY WEST, and HORACE CHASE were appointed a committee to draft a petition to Congress for an appropriation to make the Chicago and Green Bay road.

A number of buildings were erected in 1835, and there was a wonderful spirit of speculation in lands, lots, and claims on the public lands.

CHAPTER X.

NEW YORK INDIANS.

From 1818 to 1822, there was a combination of influences dissimilar in motive but perfectly consonant in purpose, all operating simultaneously, which resulted in the removal of a part of the New York Indians, to lands secured for them near Green Bay.

The Holland Land Company, having a pre-emption right of purchasing from the Indians their reservations, which right had been confirmed by the state of New York, sold it in 1810 to DAVID A. OGDEN, who with his associates were known as the "Ogden Land Company." This company, for the purpose of extinguishing the Indian title and thereby perfecting its own, conceived the plan, in 1817-18, of securing in the West, by consent and aid of the general government, an extensive grant of land from the western tribes, as a home or hunting ground for the several tribes of the New York Indians. One of the first steps was to secure the consent and co-operation of the War Department.

The Stockbridge and Brothertown Indians had a small reservation of thirty-five square miles in Oneida county. These Indians, influenced by an educated and eloquent young chief, SOLOMON U. HEDRICK, and their resident missionary, JOHN SEARGEANT, became anxious to obtain a suitable tract of land west of the lakes to which they might remove and where they could have a permanent home. They obtained the influence and aid of the American Board of Missions, by which the late Dr. JEDEDIAH MORSE-whose name is identified with the history of education in America, by the publication of his Geography, Atlas and Gazetteer, and who was the father of S. F. B. MORSE the inventor of the electric telegraph-was induced to undertake the mission of selecting a proper location. Preliminary to this undertaking application was made to the Secretary of War, that he be commissioned to make a general tour among the northwestern Indians, with a view to forming a better understanding between them and the Government.

In 1816-17, ELEAZER WILLIAMS, the same who afterwards advanced the fictitious and preposterous claim to be the Dauphin of France, Louis 19th, appeared among the Oneida

Indians. Born among the St. Regis Indians, of which tribe his mother was a native, and with whom he had lived until he was fourteen years old, the Indian language was his native tongue. He spent his boyhood from the age of 14 to 19 in New England schools and acquired a good English education and was tolerably conversant with the Christian system and with theology. He was withal a natural orator and most graceful and powerful speaker. He was commissioned by Bishop HOBART as catechist and lay reader to the Oneida Indians. Great success attended his missionary work, as the result of which the Bishop confirmed about fifty communicants.

But the field for the labors of this missionary confined, as it was to about fifteen hundred Oneidas, was more limited than his ambition. Whether the idea originated with him, or whether it was suggested by the Ogden Land Company, or borrowed from the Stockbridges, he proposed to the Oneidas in 1818, a grand emigration scheme and a confederated Indian Government. This scheme contemplated that the Oneidas, and all other New York Indians, with many of those in Canada and the Senecas at Sandusky, should remove to the neighborhood of Green Bay, and there unite in one grand confederacy of cantons, but all under one federal head. The contemplated government was to be a mixture of civil, military and ecclesiastic, the latter to predominate. The older and more sober minded of the Oneida chiefs lent no favor to the plan, but some of the younger men were more captivated with it, and some of the young hereditary chiefs were drawn into it. He also enticed a few of the young men of each of the other tribes of the Six Nations, to enter into his scheme. He next addressed the War Department, soliciting its countenance and assistance to enable a delegation of twenty, from the several tribes of the Six Nations, to visit the western tribes, for the purpose of obtaining a cession of country for a new home. The Southern States, and their representatives in Congress and in the executive departments, regarded with extreme jealousy the rapidly advancing power of the free States. By the ordinance of 1787, slavery was forever prohibited in any States to be formed in the Northwest Territory; and the northern boundary of Illinois was by an act of Congress purposely extended more than sixty miles north of the boundary prescribed by the ordinance, in the vain

expectation that the country north of it could never acquire sufficient strength in wealth or numbers to claim admission as a State in the Union.

During the administration of Mr. MONROE, JOHN C. CALHOUN was Secretary of War, and lent his sanction to a plan to devote the territory west of Lake Michigan and north of Illinois as an Indian Territory, in which to colonize all the remaining tribes in the Northern States.

It excites no surprise, therefore, that the Secretary of War yielded a ready acquiescence in, and co-operation with, the plans and application of the Ogden Land Company, Dr. MORSE and Mr. WILLIAMS. The application which had been made in behalf of Dr. MORSE was granted, and he spent the summer of 1820 in visiting several of the northwestern tribes, fifteen days of which were spent at Green Bay, where he was the guest of Col. SMITH, and where he devoted his best efforts to securing a western retreat for the Stockbridge and other New York Indians.

In response to the application of Mr. WILLIAMS, the War Department gave orders to the several superintendents of Indian affairs, and commandants of military posts, to issue to the delegates of the different tribes of New York Indians, not exceeding twelve, certain amounts of rations, blankets, powder, lead, etc., and to facilitate their movements on their journey. A requisition also was ordered to be made on the naval officer at Detroit for a vessel to take the delegates from Detroit to Green Bay, if there was any fit for service,

A copy of these orders was furnished Mr. WILLIAMS, and on the 22d of July, 1820, he arrived with the delegation at Detroit and called on Gen. CASS, then Governor of Michigan Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs.

On his arrival at Detroit Mr. WILLIAMS learned that a treaty had been made with the Menomonees a few days before, in which they had ceded to the United States forty miles square of their land in the immediate vicinity of Fort Howard. This purchase of the very land Mr. WILLIAMS most desired, frustrated all his plans, and for the present, at least, defeated all his hopes; and as there was no government vessel there fit for service he, with his delegation of Indians, retraced their steps to the State of New York, That State took the cause of the Indians in its keeping, and the treaty was rejected by the Senate, and this impediment to the emigration project was removed.