powers of the Constitution had already taken place, calling for summary redress, still, was not South-Carolina precipitate in her course? Should she not have waited longer for evidences of a returning sense of justice on the part of Congress, before she resorted to the ultimate remedy? These are questions of deep interest, in respect to which the advocates of State sovereignty, in different parts of the Union, then entertained, and still entertain, different opinions. We have not time now to enter upon their proper consideration. We will only say, in reply, that the perpetration of glaring and high-handed injustice, under the forms of law, is the worst kind of tyranny, and the most exasperating that can be conceived, to the feelings of a sensitive and free people, who have any respect for fair and honorable dealing. The lines which separate the abuse of a delegated from the assumption, under the laws, of an undelegated power, are not accurately defined, but no person, at this day, denies, that the whole South, under the tariff laws of 1828, suffered grievous wrong at the hands of the government,—that the framers of the Constitution, and the States, in the formation of a government expressly designed to promote the general welfare, never intended that any one leading interest of the country should be protected and built up by the prostration and destruction of another, or that the Constitution, to which all the States equally look for protection, was in the case referred to, if not nominally, yet substantially and in fact, grossly violated. South-Carolina, being a sovereign party to the compact, had a right to judge for herself as to this injustice, and to act as duty seemed to demand of her on the occasion. Whether, in acting as she did, she was wrong or not, still the theory of government, in accordance with which she acted, remains unshaken.

The remaining chapters of the work before us continue the history of Mr. Calhoun, as connected with political events, from the period of his resignation of the Vice-Presidency till the admission of Michigan into the Union, and thence downward to the termination of the second session of the 27th Congress. Among the most interesting subjects, discussed in the concluding part of it, is that of the currency, and Mr. Calhoun's views and action in relation to it, but we have not time to dwell now upon this or any other of the topics that are considered.

Mr. Calhoun is about to run a great race in which kings, or what are better than kings-in which great men are to be his antagonists. It was right, therefore, that we should have had such a sketch of his life and actions as now lies before us. Mr. Clay's Life, Col. Johnson's, and, we believe, biographies of the other leading candidates for the Presidency, have been recently published. When Mr. Van Buren was canvassing for that high office before, his Life had preceded him, and been sown broad-cast through the land. Had the friends of Mr. Calhoun neglected to pursue a similar course with respect to their candidate, might not the people well have wondered at their silence? But, independently of all party considerations, the life and actions of this great statesman belong to his country. The United States, in whose cause and for whose advancement he has labored so long and so nobly, and which are proud of his talents, his virtues and his fame, are interested-deeply interested in seeing that justice is done to his merits. He is no common man. Few such individuals are produced in an age or in the course of ages. Endowed with the highest reach of intellect, profoundly versed in political affairs as they extend back nearly to the origin of our government, his life may be said to be identified with the history of free institutions in America, and by the light and beauty beaming from it, to have shed lustre, grace and glory upon the American character. A finished scholar, who, in early life, devoted himself to learning, as to a mistress, and attained to the highest literary honors in one of the first colleges in the Union-a philosopher, in the best sense of the word,-not one who skims the surface of things, but who has searched into causes, has ascended to principles and viewed them in their multiplied relations and varied bearings upon life, customs and institutions; an accomplished agriculturist, skilled in that first of all sciences, the successful culture of the soil, the great source of a nation's wealth and influence both at home and abroad;a proficient in the theory, if not the practice, of various mechanical arts;-intimately acquainted, from the office he once filled, with the great science of war;-a steady and devoted friend to the commercial and the manufacturing interests of the country;-an orator of most commanding eloquence, a complete master of the English tongue, powerfu! in producing conviction, not by moving the passions, but by the force of reason and of facts;-a courteous gentle

man, free in his intercourse with all classes, and ready and able, from the stores of a richly furnished mind, to impart light on almost all subjects interesting to his race;-a man of inflexible integrity and unblemished purity of character, commanding universal confidence by his acknowledged and unshrinking honesty of purpose on all occasions;-such an individual, notwithstanding the jealousy of partizans and the envy of rivals, is an honor to the country and to the age in which he lives, he is an honor to human nature itself, which he has raised and ennobled. He represents the intellectual power and superior attributes of a free people. American literature points with pride to the laurels he has acquired as a scholar, an orator, and a statesman, which place him on the vantage ground, when compared with the intellectual and illustrious men of former times and of other countries. Upon such an individual, office, although it be the highest within a people's gift, confers no additional honor, but is itself illustrated and adorned by such an organ of the popular will. If he do not attain the highest distinction, it will not be because the North, the South, the East and the West are indifferent to his merits. It will not be, because the American people lack discernment, or because they are ungrateful to a public benefactor, whose long and brilliant life has been spent in their service, and devoted to the cause of his country-the cause of liberty and of human happiness. It will only be, because he is not the only great man whom America has produced, who is fitted, by his virtues, his talents and his patriotism, to occupy the highest station of trust in the land,because he is not the only man who is able to maintain the honor of our free institutions, and to carry his country forward in the path of fame and glory upon which she has entered.

ART. XI.-CRITICAL NOTICES.

1.-Mrs. Du Pré's Female Academy.

THE interest we feel, personally, in the success of this new institution, induces us to turn aside from the ordinary course we have prescribed to ourselves as mere Reviewers, in order to present its claims, in the most forcible manner that we can, to the friends of education in this city and State and in the Southern States generally. Nor do we consider the interests of an institution of so high an order alien from those of literature itself. Whatever contributes to elevate and ennoble the mind of woman, has a direct influence upon the character of society and the progress of the age. If mothers are well educated—and the pupils of one season often become the mothers of the next-their children will be so likewise. The first and most permanent impressions are those which are made in the nursery, and mothers are the unpretending, but still illustrious, educators of the world! Their instructions, more than any subsequent teachings, form the minds of the rising generation to usefulness, glory, virtue and religion. We have seen many isolated cases which serve to corroborate this great truth, and many, we are sure, are fresh in the recollections of our intelligent fellow-citizens. It is high time, now that Christianity has elevated woman to her proper sphere in the scale of society-in an age of light and in a free country, that the education of woman should receive greater attention, and should awaken a more solicitous interest, than it has hitherto done. Flimsy accomplishments and the merely ornamental branches of education—a slight acquaintance with the elementary studies, and a taste for light and agreeable reading, are not all the qualifications that are demanded and expected from American women in the present century. Mental power and moral superiority are indispensable, and are not to be sacrificed for the mere exterior attractions of polished manners-for what pleases the eye and delights the ear, but leaves no abiding impression upon the understanding and the heart. Strength is not to give place to grace, nor grace to strength, but both are to receive their due share of attention in the education of our women. In the Boston Female High School, as we are informed, young ladies pursue the same studies as at Harvard College, and at the end of the course, receive their diplomas, and thenceforth take rank among scholars along with those lords of creation, who have heretofore usurped, as their natural inheritance, all the most tempting prizes of literature. Hence, the high intellectual standard of the female mind in that modern Athens of ours, for Boston women, notwithstanding what Mr. Dickens says, are, proverbially and unquestionably, among the best educated women in the world. The Macon Female College in Georgia, similar in its plan to the Boston Female High School, and under the direction of Profes

sors, whose literary attainments would do honor to any University in the old world or the new, is a monument at once of the munificence, the sagacity and the patriotism of the disciples of Wesley and Whitfield in that State. It has a good library of well selected books, an excellent and complete philosophical apparatus, and young ladies are instructed there not only in music and in drawing, but in the various arts and sciences--a knowledge of which is essential to a thorough and finished education.

We do not mean, by anything we have said, to intimate that the standard of female education, in Carolina, is not high, or that we are destitute of intellectual and accomplished women, whose benign and graceful influence is felt, and deeply felt, in all the walks of society. South Carolina has never lacked her fair proportion of such, either in the days that tried men's souls, or from that period down to the present. But yet, doubtless, the standard may be raised still higher, and the system of education pursued, in these times, may be rendered more thorough and complete than it is, and we always rejoice, as we do now, in seeing any evidences of improvement in this respect.

In the institution of Mrs. Du Pré, in Meeting street, Charleston, near the Battery, a delightful, quiet and spacious residence, enjoying the advantages of the morning and evening sea breeze, young ladies may be taught all the introductory and higher branches of a complete English education, as well as the French, Italian, Spanish, German and Latin languages. Instructions are also given upon the harp, the guitar, the piano; in singing, in drawing, in oil painting and in dancing; in short, there is no department of learning, from the highest to the lowest, that is not taught, and admirably taught, in this institution. Mrs. Du Pré exercises a general superintendance over the establishment and considers the young lady boarders, as under her special, matronly government. Their morals and religion receive strict attention; and every effort is made to promote their comfort, regulate their behaviour and refine their manners. The quarters commence on the 2d of January, 20th of March, and the 12th of June. At the close of the second quarter, there is an examination in presence of the parents and guardians. The academic year commences on the 3d Wednesday of October.

We have visited this institution and have been charmed with it. The ladies connected with the different departments of instruction are Carolinians-natives of Charleston, who have received a most thorough and finished education in Europe, and who add to their various literary accomplishments the charm of the most winning manners. As artists, they rank very high; indeed, it may not be too much to say, that in music, in singing, in drawing and in painting they have few, and probably no superiors, among American females.

The institution is thus, chiefly, though not intended to be altogether, under the control of females, and this we conceive to be a high recommendation. Women ought to be the instructers of women. The