head"-by which one learns the supplicants were left hungry and cold on their hilly farms, waiting for help which came slowly and for crops which yielded but scantily.

Whoever institutes a comparison between the Palatines and the Pilgrims must remember the Pilgrims came to America, a compact society fortified by friends at home soon to follow, while the Palatines, beggared by the most terrible of religious persecutions, were sent, as individuals, by Queen Anne to her colonies, as to-day dependent children of the

State are sent to the far West. They were absolute

paupers, yet

THE LUTHERAN CHURCH.

such was their moral excellence that a writer on Dutch Village Communities on the Hudson River indirectly commends these poor Germans.

"From the banks of the Rhine the germ of free local institutions borne on the tide of western emigration found along the Hudson a more fruitful soil than New England afforded for the growth of those forms of municipal, state and national government which have made the United States the leading Republic among nations, and thus in a new and historically important sense may the Hudson river be called the Rhine of America."

The patent granted the Lutherans known as the Palatine Parish by Quassaick contained within its boundaries forty acres for highways and five hundred for a Glebe. The Glebe is bounded by North Street on the north and by South Street on the south. Across its western border ran Liberty Street, then the King's Highway, although no king save Washington, who refused the title, ever trod its dust. Glebe was "for the use of the Lutheran minister and his successors forever," but they really possessed it only about forty years,thus liberally was "forever" interpreted two centuries ago.

Here's a church, and here's a steeple,
Here's the minister and all the people,"

The

says the nursery rhyme. Here the evolution of a parish has for its germ the church and steeple, the minister and all the people be

ing a later development. The germ of this Lutheran parish was the minister, Joshua de Kockerthal,' whose missionary labors on both sides of the river cannot be overestimated. After the minister came not the church nor the steeple, but the bell, a gift from no less a lady of quality than Queen Anne herself. It was highly prized by these Lutherans and loaned

1 EPITAPH OF JOSHUA DE KOCKERTHAL, IN BURYING-GROUND AT SAUGERTIES, N. Y.

Wisse Wandersman Unter diesem Steine Rusht nebst Seiner Sibylla Charlotte Ein Rechter Wandersman Per Hoch Jeutschen in Nord America ihr Josua und der selben an Der Ost and West seite Der Hudson's River rein Lutherischer Prediger. Seine erste an Kunft war mit Lrd Lovelace, 1707–8, den 1 Januar. Seine sweite mit Col. Hunter 1710 d. 14 Juny. Seine Englandische ruc reise unterbrach Seine Seelen Himmelische reise an St. Johannis sage 1719. Regherstu mehr Ku wissen So untersuche in Welanch thons vateriand, Wer war de Kockerthal, Wer Harschias, Wer Winchenbuch, B. Berkenmayer, S. Heurtin, L. Brevort.

MDCCXLII.

Know, Wanderer. under this stone rests beside his Sybilla Charlotte a right wanderer, the Joshua of the High Dutch in N. America, the pure Lutheran Preacher of them on the East and West side of the Hudson River. His first arrival was with Lord Lovelace in 1707, the first of January. His second with Colonel Hunter, 1710, the fourteenth of June. His voyage back to England was prevented (literally interrupted) by the voyage of his soul to Heaven, on St. John's Day, 1719. Do you wish to know more? Seek in Melancthon's fatherland who was Kockerthal, who was Harschias, who Winchenbuch, B. Berkenmayer, S. Heurtin, L. Brevort. 1742.

to a church in New York on condition that "should we be able to build a church at our own expense at any time thereafter then the Lutheran Church of New York shall restore

ANDREW J. DOWNING.

to us the same bell such as it

now is or another of equal weight and value."

The church

was built probably in 1730, and the Reverend Michael Christian Knoll was appointed to minister in the parish, a part of his salary to be paid in cheeples of wheat, sustenance certainly

more nourishing than the codfish received by the minister on Cape Cod in lieu of pew-rent in gold coin of the realm. The church itself, which was standing in 1846 within the memory of a few of Newburgh's citizens, was about

twenty feet square without floor or chimney. The roof ran up into a point from its four walls, and on the peak a small cupola was placed in which hung Queen Anne's bell. This bell, evidently not cast in the mould of the one unalterable Confession of Augsburg, but bewitched by its donor with Episcopacy, presently rang out changes and ceased to "call the living, mourn the dead and break the lightning" exclusively in behalf of the German Lutherans.

The English were now buying farms from the discouraged Germans whose complaint that their patent was all upland can hardly be denied by any one who, aided by a rope, climbs Newburgh's hilly streets to-day. The story, however, that the United States Government located the city's post-office on a shelf-like site so that shy lovers in search of a billet-doux need not call at the window but may look down the building's chimney from a street above is probably apocryphal.

The Palatines abandoned Newburgh for a more fertile soil in Pennsylvania and elsewhere about 1747. The new-comers, who were mostly of English and Scotch descent, took their places, so that nothing remains to tell of the early settlers save the streets they laid out