12 cents per month is to be retained from the pay of each enlisted man of the army, for the support of the "Soldier's Home." $2 per month is allowed for re-enlistment, and $1 per month additional for each subsequent period of five years' service, provided the enlistment is made within one month after the expiration of each term. It would be impossible to give all the changes and modifications of army-pay in this place. There is scarcely a year since the adoption of the Constitution in which some change has not been made. A few statistics, however, will enable us to link the different periods together. By the Act of Congress of April 30, 1790, the following were the amounts received by officers:-a lieutenant-colonel commanding, $60 per month, with 6 rations and $12 for forage; a major, $40, with 4 rations and $10 for forage; a captain, $30, with 3 rations; a lieutenant, $22, with 2 rations; a sergeant, $5; a corporal, $4, and a private, $3; non-commissioned officers and privates drawing one ration from the commissary. In 1792, slight changes were made; the pay of a major-general was fixed at $166 per month, and that of a brigadier, at $104. The pay was slightly increased in 1808. In 1819, it was enacted that men on fatigue duty (fortifications, surveys, cutting roads, &c.) for not less than ten days should receive fifteen cents a day additional, and an extra gill of spirits. In 1838, it was enacted that all officers should receive an additional ration for every five years of service; and the pay of the privates was fixed at $8 a month. In 1857, the pay of every commissioned officer, including military storekeeper, was increased by $20 a month. The changes since will be found in the foregoing tables. III. NAVY DEPARTMENT. (Corrected at the Navy Department, December 1, 1862.) ORGANIZATION OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. Secretary's Office.-The Secretary of the Navy has charge of every thing connected with the naval establishment, and the execution of laws relating thereto, under the general direction of the President. All instructions to commanders of squadrons and commanders of vessels, all orders of officers, commissions of officers, both in the navy and marine corps, appointments of commissioned and warrant officers, orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under the authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. He has a general superintendence of the marine corps, and all the orders of the commandant of that corps should be approved by him. The Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks has charge of all the navy-yards, docks, and wharves, buildings, and machinery, in navy-yards, and every thing immediately connected with them. It is also charged with the management of the Naval Asylum. The Bureau of Construction and Repair has charge of the building and repairs of all vessels of war, and purchase of material. The Bureau of Provisions and Clothing contracts for all provisions for the use of the navy, and clothing. The Bureau of Ordnance has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, | &c., and the equipment of vessels of war, with every thing connected therewith. The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery manages every thing relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management of hospitals. The Bureau of Steam Engineering, formerly attached to the Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repair, has been, in consequence of the great increase of the Navy, made an independent bureau, and the Engineer-in-Chief made its head. The superintendence of the construction of all marine steam-engines for naval vessels, and the decision upon plans for their construction, belong to this bureau. The Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting is another new bureau organized in consequence of the great addition made to the naval force. It has the charge of the recruiting-stations for seamen, and of the furnishing them with the necessary equipments. The Bureau of Navigation is a new bureau. The Naval Observatory and Hydrographical Office are under the charge of this bureau. It furnishes vessels with maps, charts,'chronometers, &c., together with such books as are allowed to ships of war. NAVAL ACADEMY, NEWPORT, R.I. Superintendent. Commodore George S. Blake, U.S.N. Lieut. Commander Edward Simpson, Commandant of Midshipmen, Instructor of Seamanship, Naval Lieut. Commander Edward P. Lull, Constitution. Lieut. Commander Robert L. Phythian, Assistant to Commandant of Midshipmen, in charge of Ship Navy List. THERE has been in the past history of the navy no little confusion in regard to the rank of commanders of squadrons. The Continental Congress on the 15th Nov. 1776, provided for the following grades above the rank of captain: admiral to rank as a general; vice-admiral to rank as a lieutenant-general; rear-admiral as a major-general; and commodore as a brigadier-general. After the reorganization of the navy under the Constitution, these ranks were abolished. Captains were the highest in rank of the American naval officers, though a practice had grown up without legal authority of bestowing the title of commodore on a captain commanding a squadron. Serious difficulties had grown out of this, in consequence of admirals of foreign squadrons refusing to give more than a captain's salute to our commodores, and in one or two instances duels had followed. Captain Shubrick, on sailing upon the Paraguay expedition, and Captain French Forest, now an officer of the Rebel navy, when in command of the Brazil Squadron, both took the title and adopted the insignia of admirals, by hoisting "the wide flag at the fore." This course had no legal warrant, and was rebuked in both instances by the Navy Department. In 1856, the rank of Flag Officer, bestowed on the captain commanding a squadron, was created by Congress, to obviate the difficulty heretofore experienced. On the 16th of July, 1862, the bill providing for changes in the rank, &c. of the officers of the navy passed both Houses of Congress, and became a law. This law provides that "the Active lists of line officers of the United States navy shall be divided into nine grades, taking rank according to the date of their commission in each grade as follows: I. Rear-Admirals. II. Commodores. was sanctioned by the President. This report Those marked with a star were not recom- David G. Farragut, L. M. Goldsborough, Andrew H. Foote. REAR-ADMIRALS.-Retired List (9). Charles Stewart, Hiram Paulding. ACTING REAR-ADMIRALS (5). Charles Wilkes, Charles H. Bell, Samuel P. Lee, 5. David D. Porter. COMMODORES.-Active List (16). Henry Eagle, 5 Andrew A. Harwood, Henry K. Hoff, 10 Charles H. Davis, Henry H. Bell, William Smith, John W. Livingston, Henry K. Thatcher, 15 William D. Porter, John S. Missroon. COMMODORES.-Retired List (16). John D. Sloat, Joshua R. Sands, CAPTAINS.-Active List (39). Thomas O. Selfridge,* 20 Stephen C. Rowan, 5 Robert B. Hitchcock, Guert Gansevoort, William Rogers Taylor. CAPTAINS.-Retired List (22). Robert Ritchie, 15 John Marston, Levin M. Powell, 108 THE NATIONAL ALMANAC. CAPTAINS.-Reserved List (10). William D. Salter, Stephen Champlin, COMMANDERS.-Active List (90). Samuel Lockwood,* 15 Henry S. Stellwagen, Daniel B. Ridgely, Alex. M. Pennock, Thos. M. Brasher,* Jas. F. Armstrong, Maxwell Woodhull, C. R. P. Rodgers, John P. Bankhead, COMMANDERS.-Retired List (7). T. Darah Shaw, Robert Handy, 5 Edward M. Yard, Francis S. Haggerty. James M. Watson, William Reynolds. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS.-Active List (144). George M. Ransom, H. N. T. Arnold, James S. Thornton, Joseph E. Dellaven, George W. Young, Walter W. Queen, George U. Morris, Daniel L. Braine, James H. Gillis, Chas. H. Cushman, 105 Oscar F. Stanton, H. A. Adams, Jr., 125 J. C. Chaplin, L. A. Beardslee, 140 LIEUTENANTS.-Active List (104). George W. Doty,* John P. Hall,* Francis G. Dallas,* Joseph P. Fyffe,* Charles E. Hawley, 10 Rush R. Wallace, |