EDUCATION. There are three colleges in the State, | average duration of the schools was about six the University of Vermont, at Burlington, founded months. The average wages of male teachers, exin 1791, Middlebury College, at Middlebury, founded clusive of board, was $17 24 per month; of female in 1800, and Norwich University, founded in 1834. teachers, $7 92 per month. 96 districts were For statistics of these, see Table of Colleges (post, without schools during the year, and 32 voted to' p. There are two theological schools, the have no school. A town superintendent of schools New Hampton Theological and Literary Insti- is elected in each town, who is paid one dollar a tution, at Fairfax, and the Episcopal Institute, at day for the time actually spent in visiting schools. Burlington, and three medical schools, Castleton The whole amount of compensation of these superMedical College, at Castleton, founded in 1818, the intendents for the year ending Sept. 1, 1862, was Medical Department of the University of Vermont, $4,844, an average of $22 08. The instruction in at Burlington, founded in 1821, and the Vermont the public schools is for the most part quite eleMedical College, at Woodstock, founded in 1835. mentary; 62,036 were taught reading; 61,827, The present condition of these will be found in the spelling; 40,999, arithmetic; 28,337, penmanship; tables of Theological and Medical Schools. The 23,459 (but little more than of the whole), geonumber of academies in the State is 84; of private graphy; 13,364 (one-fifth), grammar; 5580, comand select schools, 292. The attendance on the position (only about); 2442, history; and 3542, academies is not reported; the attendance on pri- other studies. There is no provision for normal vate and select schools during the year ending education. Sept. 1, 1862, was 7121. Public Schools.-The public schools of the State are in charge of a Board of Education, organized in 1856, of which the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor are ex officio members, and three other members are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointed members in 1862 were Timothy P. Redfield, of Montpelier, J. D. Bradley, of Brattleboro' (who deceased during the year), and Hiland Hall, of Bennington. The Secretary of the Board, who acts as State Superintendent of Schools, is John S. Adams, of Burlington. He receives a salary of $1000 per annum and expenses of postage, stationery, &c. The pay of the members of the board is $3 per day and mileage. From the report of the Secretary of the Board of Education, and from other sources, we gather the following summary of the condition of the schools in the year ending Sept. 1, 1862. The whole number of districts was 2928; number of heads of families, 57,200; number of children betweeen four and eighteen, 89,599; the number attending school between four and eighteen, 63,728; number attending school between eighteen and twenty, 2642; average attendance between four and twenty, 47,455. The whole number of teachers was 4904; the number of weeks school taught by male teachers was 14,500; by female teachers, 51,065; the amount of wages paid to male teachers was $62,512; to female teachers, $101,400; $69,560 was paid for board of teachers; $28,067 for fuel, furniture, and incidentals, and $67,878 for the erection and repair of school-houses. The amount of public money distributed (partly, probably, from the income of the United States Deposit Fund) was $105,165; the amount raised on the grand list was $117,318, and the amount raised on the scholar, i.e. by rate or tuition bills, was $21,670. The whole amount paid for wages, board, and fuel is reported at $251,251. The number of weeks' school supported by the districts, i.e. by district tax after exhaustion of the public money and school tax, was 29,036. The VERMONT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE AT BRATTLEBORO'.-W. H. Rockwell, M.D., Superintendent and Physician. The asylum has a large farm, and workshops in which such of the insane patients as are able and have the disposition are employed for some hours daily. The buildings, which are extensive, were enlarged in 1861 by the addition of nearly one hundred rooms. The greater part of these buildings were destroyed by fire Dec. 20, 1862. The asylum was first opened for patients Dec. 12, 1836. The statistics of the year ending Aug 1, 1862, are as follows:Patients remaining Aug. 1, 1861, 438 (230 males, 208 females); admitted during the year, 146 (71 males, 75 females); total during the year, 584 (301 males, 283 females). Discharged during the year, 121 (69 males, 52 females), leaving in the asylum, Aug. 1, 1862, 463 (232 males, 231 females). Of the 121 discharged, 47 were recovered, 15 improved, 17 not improved, 42 died. Percentage of recoveries on admissions, 32.8; on whole number resident, 10.44. Percentage of deaths on discharges, 34.71; on whole number resident, 9.09. The expenditures of the year were $59,653 59, of which $8,393 42 was for improvements and repairs. The income from board of patients, State appropriations ($5000 special grant, and $5,573 14 for board and clothing of insane poor of State), &c., was $60,381 62, leaving a balance in favor of the asylum of $727 43. The terms for board and attendance are $2 25 per week for the first year, and $2 per week afterwards; epileptics, paralytics, or insane persons in the State over 70 years of age, $3 per week. These classes will not be received from other States. Incurables are received to a limited extent. No person is received for less than three months, unless he recovers before that time has expired. Application can be made to the Superintendent. The number of State beneficiaries in the State during the year was 178, of whom 44 were admitted and 43 discharged during the year, leaving 135 in the institution, Aug. 1, 1862. Of those discharged. 15 were recovered, 9 not recovered, and 19 died. There were also 58 transient insane, 7 insane committed by the courts, and 3 sent from State Prison, in the institution during the year, of whom 9 were discharged during the year, and 59 remained, Sept. 1, 1862. Of those discharged, 3 were recovered, 2 not recovered, and 4 died. VERMONT STATE PRISON, at Windsor, Hiram Harlow, Superintendent.—This prison was established in 1809. From the report of the Superintendent and directors it appears that there were 99 prisoners in the prison, Sept. 1, 1861; that during the year 42 were admitted, and 46 discharged in various ways, leaving 95 in the prison on the 1st Sept. 1862, of whom 88 were white and 3 black males, and 4 white females. Of those discharged during the year, 5 were pardoned, 38 discharged by expiration of sentence, 1 escaped, and 2 died. Of those committed to the prison, 11 were between 15 and 21 years of age; 17 between 21 and 30; 14 over 30, 21 were natives of Vermont; 8 of other States, and 13 were foreigners. The average length of their sentence was 21⁄2 years. Since 1809, 1752 prisoners have been committed to the prison, and 1657 discharged, of whom 652 were pardoned, 6 sent to the hospital, 24 escaped, 67 died, 906 were discharged at the expiration of their sentence; 38 were under 15 years of age when admitted; 421 between 15 and 21; 687 between 21 and 30, and 606 over 30. 520 were natives of Vermont, 756 natives of other States, and 476 foreigners; 12 were committed for life. The total expenditure for the year was $9,597 31, total income $9,160 54; showing an excess of expenditure over income of $436 77. The prison is on the Auburn or congregated plan, and the labor of all the male convicts, except those needed for making shoes and clothing for the prison, is con1 tracted to Messrs. Lamson, Goodnow & Co., at 30 cents per day's work, till 1866. The prison has a good library. The Contribution of Vermont to the Army of Volunteers.-The State has raised its full quota of soldiers for the suppression of the rebellion. One regiment of three-months men was furnished at the commencement of the war, and was the admiration of all for its superior matériel. On the 16th of April, 1862, there had been sent to the field, enlisted for three years or the war, 8 regiments of infantry, 1 regiment of cavalry, 2 batteries of artillery, and 3 companies of sharpshooters,-in all, 8668 men,-besides the regiment of three-months troops; another regiment was called for by the Secretary of War, May 21, and sent forward, July 15, besides 1103 men to fill up the old regiments, making in all, previous to the call of July, 1862, for 300,000 three-years men, 9283, or, including the first regiment of three-months troops, 10,065. Since that time 4164 have volunteered on the call for three-years men, and 4777 up to Nov. 1, 1862, as nine-months men under the second call, so that no draft has been required in the State. The whole number of men sent into the field by the State since the 1st of May, 1861, to Nov. 1, 1862, is 19,006, besides those Vermonters who have enlisted in other States, making nearly one in every 15 of her entire population. The quota required of the State was in all 18,736, so that she has considerably exceeded all her quotas. The whole number of persons liable to do military duty in the State is 29,501. Like most of the other New England States, Vermont had suffered her militia organi zation to degenerate, until it possessed very little efficiency; but a committee appointed at the October session of her Legislature, 18€2, reported, Nov. 18, 1862, a bill for a law to organize the militia, very complete in its details, which, with some slight modifications, passed both Houses and became a law. CENSUS STATISTICS.-Our copious census tables give most of the particulars relative to Vermont, which the census tables, so far as arranged, enable us to furnish; but a few items not noticed there may be of interest. In area and popu lation it occupies the same relative rank, being twenty-eighth in both; in density of population it is twelfth, having 34.79 to the square mile. Since 1800 it has had no slaves within its borders, being, with one exception (Massachusetts), the only State in which slavery did not exist beyond that time. In the absolute increase of its population within the last decade, it stood lower than any other State, the percentage of increase being only 0.11. The male population exceeds the female in the State,-the number of white males being 2441 in excess of the white females, and the colored males 33 in advance of the colored females. There are no large cities in the State, the largest town having a population of only 7713. The State is mainly agricultural; its farms having a cash value of $91,511,673, and its farming-implements of $3,554,728, in 1860. With the exception of New York, it produces more maplesugar than any other State in the Union, its yield being 9,819,939 lbs. in 1860, and in the production of sugar of any kind it stands third in the Union. It had 67,250 horses, 171,698 milch cows, 42,860 working oxen, and 149,359 other cattle, 721,993 sheep, and 49,433 swine. The value of its live stock was $15,884,393. In manufacturing industry it stood twentieth among the States, having 1501 manufacturing establishments, employing $9,500,000 capital, using $8,100,000 value of raw material, employing 8940 male and 1860 female operatives, and producing goods to the annual value of $16,000,000. Its principal manufactures are woollen goods (employing $1,781,550, and producing annually goods to the amount of $2,550,000), flour and meal ($1,659,898,) lumber ($1,065,886), fire-arms, iron-ware, agricultural implements, slates, both for roofing and writing purposes, weighing scales, and marble, both colored and white, of which there are extensive quarries. IV. MASSACHUSETTS. First settlement, 1620. Capital, Boston. Area, 7800 square miles. Population, 1860, 1,231,066, Joseph White............... Williamstown Sec. of Board of Education, and State Librarian...... B. G. Northrop........... Saxonville.... Agent of the Board........... for clerk hire. Senatorial districts of Worcester county; 7th, east and west Norfolk Senatorial districts, and the county of Bristol; 8th, Plymouth county and the Cape and the Island districts. From each of these districts one councillor is elected annually. The pay of the councillors is $300 for the regular annual session of their board, and $3 a day for any subsequent session. They also receive $2 for each ten miles' travel. Councillors for the year 1863. Name. Residence. District. First.......... Second Third......... Fourth....... Residence. District. Peter T. Hosmer.. G. W. Cochrane... James M. Shute... Boston. Fifth......... Methuen. Somerville. Sixth..... Seventh..... Zenas M. Crane... Jon. D. Wheeler... Francis W. Bird... Dalton. Grafton. Walpole. Alfred Hitchcock Fitchburg. There are 40 Senatorial districts, from each of which one Senator is elected annually. The ave rage of legal voters for each Senatorial district is 5282. The districts are distributed among the counties as follows: Suffolk (Boston, Chelsea, and Winthrop) has 5; Essex county, 5; Middlesex county, 6; Worcester county, 6; Hampden county, 2; Hampshire and Franklin, 3; Berkshire, 2; Norfolk (without Cohasset), 3; Bristol (without Fairhaven), 3; Plymouth (with Fairhaven and Cohasset), 3; Barnstable, Nantucket, and Dukes counties, 2. The number of Representatives is 240. They are elected from 174 districts, some of the districts sending 2 or 3 Representatives; the average number of legal voters to a Representative is 880. They are distributed as follows among the counties: County. Barnstable. Berkshire... Bristol......... Dukes.... Essex..... Franklin... Hampden........ Hampshire.... Middlesex Total..... 20 1 ............... 32 The Supreme Judicial Court has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes and exclusive chancery jurisdiction, so far as chancery powers are conferred by statute, and concurrent original jurisdiction of all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $4000 in Suffolk, and $1000 in the other counties. The Legislature of 1859 abolished the Court of Common Pleas and the Superior Court for the county of Suffolk, and the Municipal Court, and established in their place the "Superior Court," consisting of a chief-justice and nine justices. This court has criminal jurisdiction in all except capital cases, and civil jurisdiction in all cases above $20. It holds from two to twelve terms in each county annually. The district attorneys are elected in the several districts for three years; the assistant attorney in Suffolk No. county is appointed by the Governor. Police 9 courts are organized in the following towns and 11 cities: Adams, Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, Chicopee, Fall River, Gloucester, Haverhill, Lawrence, Lee, Lowell, Lynn, New Bedford, Newburyport, Pittsfield, Roxbury, Salem, Springfield, Taunton, 8 Williamstown, and Worcester. The usual organi12 zation of these courts, except in Boston, is the 8 appointment of a standing justice, who receives a 39 salary varying from $700 to $2200, and two spe2 cial justices, who sit with him, or in his absence. All judges in the State are appointed by the 16 Governor, with the advice and consent of the 28 Council, and hold office during good behavior. 34 Justices of the peace have jurisdiction in civil cases under $100, with the right of either party in all cases over $20 to call in a jury of six, when all the parties to the suit file a written waiver of all right of appeal from the judgment of the justice on the verdict of the jury, and a right in all other cases of an appeal to the Superior Court. In criminal cases, justices of the peace have a limited jurisdiction to receive complaints and issue warrants; but only certain designated justices (the number of whom in the State, according to the statute, must not exceed 167 at any one term) can try criminal cases. In those places where there are police courts which on stated days hold a "Justices' Court," justices of the peace cannot generally try causes. In Suffolk county the jurisdiction of these courts extends to $300. Elsewhere in the State it is the same as that of justices of the peace. 20 Senators and Representatives receive $300 for the regular annual session, and $2 for every ten miles of travel each way, to and from their respective places of abode, once in each session. The mileage is paid at the commencement of the session, and the remainder at the commencement of each month, at the rate of $2 a day; and $3 a day is deducted for absences, unless excused by the house of which the absentee is a member. The compensation of the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House is double that of the members. JUDICIARY. The courts of the State are, the Supreme Judicial Court, consisting of a chief-justice and five associate justices, which holds terms for the decision of law questions, under the name of "the Supreme Judicial Court of the Commonwealth," at Boston for the counties of Essex, Suffolk, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes, or Nantucket; at Lenox for Berkshire county; at Taunton for Bristol county; at Northampton and Greenfield for Hampshire and Franklin counties; at Springfield for Hampden county; and at Worcester for Worcester county. Under the name of "the Supreme Judicial Court" it holds two terms for the trial of jury cases in Suffolk county, and one in every other county in the State except Dukes, the court for which is held at Barnstable. The number of justices of the peace in commission in 1862 was 6790, and of notaries, 486. The justices were distributed among the counties as follows: Barnstable, 185, Berkshire, 388, Bristol, 452, Dukes, 30, Essex, 694, Franklin, 259, Hampden, 348, Hampshire, 263, Middlesex, 939, Nantucket, 27, Norfolk, 534, Plymouth, 398, Suffolk, 1443, and Worcester, 770. By an act of the Legislature passed April 7, 1862, all persons appointed as justices of the peace, trial justices, notaries, &c., are required to pay a fee of five dollars for receiv ing their commissions. Police Court of Boston. John G. Rogers, Justice; Sebens C. Maine, Justice; Edwin Wright, Special Justice. Salary of each, $2500. Seth Tobey, Clerk; salary, $2000. Courts of Probate and Insolvency. In 1858 the Legislature consolidated the Courts of Probate and Insolvency. The judges of this court are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Council, and exercise the jurisdiction of the former judges of probate and those of insolvency. For both probate and insol vency purposes frequent courts are held by the judges in different towns of their respective counties. The voters of each county elect a Register of Probate and Insolvency for a term of five years. In the counties of Suffolk, Middlesex, Worcester, Essex, and Norfolk, there are assistant registers appointed for three years, but subject to removal by the judge. Their salaries are-in Suffolk, $1500; Middlesex and Worcester, $1000; Essex, $800; Norfolk, $600. The following table gives the names, residences, and salaries of the Judges and Registers of Probate and Insolvency. Office. Appointed. Salary, Chief-Justice ...... 1859 $3,700 Justice.. 1859 3,500 1859 3,500 1859 3,500 1859 3,500 |