mort'ge bonds, April 1, 1861. Had surplus after dividend of $2,132. 1836 1842 Surplus of $300,357. $171,366 after 1845 1849 Surplus of dividend. 1849 1852 Surplus after dividend of $21,304. 4% 1846 1848 Surplus after dividend of rated by N.Y. Trustees since March, 1862. 1848 1852 In the hands of 2,158,000 50. 275,000 268,375 100,106 4% 1832 1839 Surplus of 2,241,000 $61,499 after dividend. Not in use. CANALS. There is but one canal in the State, the Enfield Falls Canal, around the rapids in the Connecticut River, and lying in the towns of Suffield and Windsor Locks. This canal is 51⁄2 miles in length, has 3 locks, each 90 feet long by 20 wide, and has a total descent of 30 feet. The water-power thus obtained drives the machinery of a number of large manufactories, besides accommodating the moderate amount of navigation between Hartford and the towns on the river above the canal. The mal School; $3,232 for superintendence, holding teacher's institutes, &c., and $435 for district school libraries; making a total of $186,005 42 expended for common-school purposes for the year. number of school-houses reported in good condition is 1280; in bad condition, 295; without out-buildings, 212; with enclosed yards, 177. There were school libraries in 583 districts; outline maps in 849 districts. Ten teacher's institutes were held during the year, and attended by 687 teachers. The State grants to any district commencing for condition of the raising an equal sum by the district, and $5 for each subsequent year, if an equal sum is raised. Graded schools have been established in most of the cities and larger villages of the State, and their good effects are apparent. EDUCATION.-Common Schools and School Fund.—the first time a school library the sum of $10, on The school fund of the State amounted on the 2d of September, 1860 (since which time no inventory seems to have been made of it), to $2,050,460 49. It yielded in 1861 a revenue of $137,305 07, and in 1862, $134,084 13, The disbursements of 1861 were $127,170 84; those of 1862 were $136,619 08. Of these, $124,647 35 was the amount divided to the schools of the State, being $1 15 per head to each child between the ages of 4 and 16 in the State. The number of children enumerated between these ages in the State in February, 1861, was 109,389; in February, 1862, 109,042, and the dividend that year was $130,850 40, or $1 20 to each scholar. The cost of the management of the fund and the distribution of its revenue for the year ending April 1, 1862, was $4,609 58,-about 3.41 per cent. on the income. The number of towns in the State is 162, and returns were made from all. The number of school districts is 1623, in 46 of which no school which came up to the legal requirements was kept. The average number of children in each district between the ages of 4 and 16 was 67; the number of pupils registered as attending the winter schools was 73,949; ditto attending the summer schools, 67,982. The number of male teachers in winter was 970; in summer, 171: female teachers in winter, 1029; in summer, 1810. Average wages per month of male teachers, including board, $32 02. Highest county average of ditto, New Haven county, $34 25; lowest ditto, Tolland county, $26 31. Average wages per month of female teachers, including board, $16 14; highest county ditto, New Haven county, $18 60; lowest ditto, Litchfield county, $14 60. The average number of months in which schools are taught during the year is not given. The amount expended for common school education was: from the school fund, as above, $130,850 40; from interest of the town deposit fund (United States surplus revenue) devoted to school purposes, $45,819; from town tax for schools, $76,422; from district or other funds, $25,584; from property tax for support of schools,* $87,231; from tuition bills of resident pupils,* $31.847; making a total expended for instruction only of $397,753 40. In addition to this, $79,835 was expended for new school-houses and repairs of the old; $4,749 91 for support of Nor* Probably under-estimated. The State Normal School is at New Britain, about 10 miles from Hartford. David N. Camp, Superintendent of Public Schools, is Principal, and Henry B. Buckham, Vice-Principal, with 7 teachers and instructors. It was opened for pupils in May, 1850, and has had from that time to May, 1862, 196 pupils connected with it, of whom 168 have graduated. The number of pupils in any one term cannot exceed 220. The tuition is free. There is a model school connected with it, in which the pupils in turn are instructed in the art of teaching. The expenditure for the school for the year ending April 1, 1862, was $5124, of which $4750 was from State grants and $374† from other sources. During the year, the number of pupils connected with the school was 174; their average age was 19. There is in Norwich a free academy, forming the highest department of the public school, and munificently endowed by the citizens. In Hartford, Middletown, and New London, there are high schools, where the tuition is free, and to which pupils from the grammar-schools are admitted by examination: the course of study in these schools comprises not only academic but most of the collegiate studies. There are also numerous academies, seminaries, and literary institutions, some of them endowed, and many of them boarding their pupils. . COLLEGES, ETC.-There are three colleges in the State: Yale College, at New Haven; Trinity College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan University, at Middletown. For the condition of these, see Table of colleges, post, p. There are three theological seminaries in the State, viz.: Yale Theological Seminary, a department of Yale College; the East Windsor Theological Institute, at East Windsor Hill, both Congregationalist; and the Berkeley Divinity School, Episcopal, at Middletown. The condition of these is given in the Table of Theolo gical Seminaries, post, p. There is one medical and one law school in the State, both at New Haven. The Sheffield Scientific School at New Haven furnishes a post-graduate course in $300 for aid to pupils for board. mathematical and physical science of high cha- | racter. The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, at Hartford, is the first institution for the instruction of deaf-mutes established in this country. It was founded in 1817 The principal is Rev. William W. Turner, M.A., who is assisted by 17 other instructors. The whole number of pupils within the year was 257; the greatest number in attendance at one time was 222; and the average attendance through the year, 219. Of the whole number, 24 (12 males and 12 females) were supported by their friends; 43 (27 males and 16 females) by the State of Maine; 13 (8 males and 5 females) by New Hampshire; 23 (13 males and 10 females) by Vermont; 96 (55 males and 41 females) by Massachusetts; 16 (12 males and 4 females) by Rhode Island; and 42 (25 males and 16 females) by Connecticut. parents, and of all their children in the order of their ages; whether the parents were related before marriage; the time and place of his birth and place of his residence; whether he was born deaf, and, if not, what caused his deafness; whether he has deaf-mute relatives, and the name and address of the person with whom correspondence concerning him may be maintained. There is no institution for the instruction of the blind in the State, but the State appropriates about $1500 per annum for the support of poor blind children at the Perkins Institution for the Blind at Boston. The appropriation for the year ending April 1, 1862, was $1,544 92. INSTRUCTION OF IDIOTS.-A commission was ap pointed in 1855 to investigate the number and condition of the idiot children of the State. That commission made an elaborate report, recommending the establishment of a school for their instrucThe current expenses of the year were $49,873 02; tion. A bill making an appropriation for this of which $19,981 31 was received from States on purpose passed the House of Representatives in account of beneficiaries, $1,876 19 on account of 1856, but failed in the Senate by the casting vote pay pupils, $24,913 28 from the fund commisof the Lieutenant-Governor. In 1857 it passed sioner, and the remainder from miscellaneous the Senate, but failed in the House. In 1858, Dr. sources. The asylum has a fund derived from the Henry M. Knight, one of the Commissioners, estasale of a township of land in Alabama granted blished at Lakeville, Litchfield county, a private them by Congress, which amounts in all to institution for the instruction of idiot children, $307,000, of which somewhat more than $240,000 and in 1860 the Legislature granted to it aid to is productive. Besides this, they have buildings the extent of $1500, and in 1861 incorporated it as and grounds valued at $75,000. The number who the Connecticut School of Imbeciles, continuing a have been educated at the asylum previous to grant of the same amount, which was also be May, 1862, is a little more than 1300. The asylum stowed in 1862. The whole number of pupils in provides tuition, board, lodging, washing, fuel, the year ending April 1, 1862, was 19; and the lights, stationery, and other incidental expenses number at the close of the year was 15. Of these, of the school-room, and a careful and continual 8 were studying geography, 5 arithmetic; 7 were superintendence of health, conduct, morals, and able to write in books, and the whole on the manners, at the annual charge of one hundred blackboard; 7 could read handwriting; 2 were dollars. In case of sickness the necessary extra able to compose and write letters home; 8 could charges are made; but no deduction is made ex- read. The amount of the State appropriation except for absence on account of sickness. Pay-pended during the year was $1,488 55. ments must be made six months in advance, and a THE RETREAT FOR THE INSANE, Hartford.-This satisfactory bond is required for the punctual pay-institution is not a State Asylum, but an incorment. Persons applying for admission must be between the ages of 8 and 25 years, of good natural intellect, capable of forming and joining letters with a pen, legibly and correctly, free from any immoralities of conduct and from any contagious disease. Paying pupils or their parents or guardians may address their letters for admission to the principal of the asylum; beneficiaries, or those desiring to become such, from Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, to the Secretaries of their respective States; those from Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, to the Governors of those States. A certificate from two or more of the selectmen, magistrates, or respectable inhabitants of the place where the applicant resides, should accompany the application. The time for admission of pupils is the third Wednesday in September. The managers of the asylum require the following items of information in regard to each pupil:-his name in full; the names of his porated hospital for the Insane, which contracts with the State for the accommodation and treatment of such of the insane poor as are deemed proper subjects for treatment there, but derives most of its support from private patients. John S. Butler, M.D., is the superintendent, and has had charge of it since 1843. The following are its statistics for the year ending April 1, 1862. Whole number of patients remaining April 1, 1861, 226, viz. 109 males and 117 females; admitted during the year, 171 (79 males and 92 females); total number in the Retreat during the year 397 (188 males and 209 females). Of this number there were discharged, recovered, 71 (29 males, 42 females); much improved, 29 (16 males, 13 females); improved, 31 (16 males, 15 females); not improved, 28 (15 males, 13 females); died, 17 (7 males, 10 females); total discharged during the year, 176 (83 males, 93 females); and remaining in the Retreat, April 1, 1862, 221 patients (105 males and 116 females). Whole number admitted from the opening of the Retreat in 1824 to April 1, 1862, 3910, viz. 1833 males, 2077 females; discharged during the same period, 3689, viz. 1728 males and 1961 females. The percentage of deaths in 1861-2 upon the whole number of residents was 4.53, upon the daily average number, 7.65. The percentage of deaths since the opening of the institution upon the whole number admitted was 10.05; upon the whole number discharged, 10.65. The number of admissions since the opening of the institution have been highest in the month of July, and lowest in February; the total amount being 400 in July, and 249 in February. Among males, farmers were by far the most frequent subjects of insanity, the number being four times greater than merchants who came next, nearly five times as great as daylaborers, and more than ten times as great as that of mechanics. Among females, aside from domestic pursuits, teachers and domestics were most liable to insanity, and following these, in consecutive order, seamstresses, factory-girls, school-girls, tailoresses, and milliners. Of 2833 who had been admitted since April 1, 1843, 1381 were single, 1197 married, and 255 widowed. The receipts from all sources for the year ending April 1, 1862, were $55,687 54; the expenditures, including $7,576 70 for new buildings, $53,989 21. During the year a new museum and a bowlingalley for female patients were erected, and the grounds, which are extensive, laid out in admirable style after a plan furnished by Messrs. Olmsted and Vaux, the superintendents of the New York Central Park; and the erection of a conservatory and winter garden was projected. The cost of these improvements-over $11,000—was defrayed by a liberal subscription of friends of the institution. The price of board and medical care for patients belonging in the State is $3 per week for the ordinary accommodations, and additional charges when extra accommodations are required; for patients belonging to other States, $4 per week. No patient is admitted for a shorter term than three months, and advance payment must be made for that term to one of the managers; subsequent payments are made to the steward. Applications for aid from the State fund must be made by the friends of the patient to the Governor, and, on receiving his order, to the Superintendent of the Retreat. Applications in all other cases to be made to the Superintendent. The State paid for the support of insane patients during the year 1861-2, $9,408 23. The managers for the year 1862-3 are Samuel S. Ward, William T. Lee, and William R. Cone. STATE REFORM SCHOOL. This institution was established by act of Legislature in 1852, but was not opened till March, 1854. In April, 1861, there were remaining in the school 112 boys. During the year 77 were received, of whom 7 were sent by their friends as boarding pupils,-making the whole number of pupils during the year 189; 41 were discharged in various ways during the year, leaving in the institution, April 1, 1862, 148. Of the 41 discharged during the year, 5 were indentured; 7 were discharged by expiration of sentence, 1 as reformed, 9 to go into the army; 4 were delivered to their friends; 3 were discharged on parole of honor; 7 placed there as boarding pupils were removed by their friends; 2 were remanded to alternate sentence; 1 escaped, and 2 died. Of those committed during the year, 15 were from Hartford county; 25 from New Haven county; 12 from Fairfield county: 6 from New London; 2 from Middlesex; 5 from Tolland; 3 from Windham; 1 from Litchfield; and 1 was re-committed. 69 were committed from the courts, besides the re-committal; 57 were committed during minority, or for periods ranging from 3 to 8 years; 60 were arrested for theft; 1 for burglary; 2, each, for assault and battery, malicious mischief, breach of peace, and disorderly conduct. The average age of the boys at the time of commitment was about 12 years; 11 were of foreign birth, and 58 born in the United States; but of these nearly one-third were children of foreign parents. The whole number committed since the opening of the school was 454, and 324 have been discharged; of whom 71 have been indentured; 106 discharged by expiration of sentence, 13 as reformed, 2 to go to sea, 10 to go into the army; 43 delivered to friends; 36 have escaped; 12 have been remanded to alternate sentence; 18 were boarders; 5 have died; and the remainder were discharged on parole or by courts or Legislature. Of the whole number received, 48 had lost both parents; 73 had lost their mothers, 110 their fathers; one or other of the parents of 177 were intemperate; 274 were themselves addicted to the use of intoxicating liquors; 365 were untruthful; 344 profane; 142 had previously been arrested once, 21 twice, 14 three times, and 16 four or more times. The whole expenditure of the school for the year was $13.905 47, and the total receipts $14,055 85, of which $2000 was a special grant from the Legislature; and $7,197 96 was received from the State Treasury for board of delinquents; $411 50 was received for boarders; $4,410 72 was received from the workshops and produce of farm sold. The farm attached to the school was at the time of its purchase in a very low condition, but has been greatly improved, and is becoming both valuable and profitable. The stock and produce sold, and on hand, and what was furnished from it to the school, in the year ending April 1, 1862, amounted to $5,545 49, while the expenditure for all purposes, including $353 80 paid for the labor of boys on the farm, was only $4,676 16,-showing a net profit of $869 33 for the year. The cost of the support of the boys per head per annum was $92 17, and their earnings $33 93 per head per annum. THE STATE PRISON.-The State has but one convict prison, which is located at Wethersfield, about four miles from Hartford. The present warden is William Willard, the late warden, Daniel Webster, Esq., having been assassinated by a convict in March, 1862. The statistics of the prison for the year ending March 31, 1862, were as follows: number remining in prison, March 31, 1861, 168; received during the year, 71; discharged during the year, 59, viz.: by expiration of sentence, 43, by order of General Assembly, 4, died, 6; leaving in confinement, March 31, 1862, 180; of whom 159 were for the first offence, and 21 re-commitments. Of those in the prison, 146 were white males, 16 colored males, 14 white females, 3 colored females, 1 (male) Indian half-breed; 120 were Americans, and 60 foreigners; 21 were under 20 years of age; 18 were sentenced for life, and 9 for 10 years and over; 31 were committed for crimes against the person; 137 for crimes against property; and 9 for crimes against society. The receipts of the prison from all sources were $14,712 04; expenditures. $14,666 14. The prison has a library of about 1200 volumes, and $100 per annum is appropriated annually for its increase. Jail Returns.—In compliance with an act of the Legislature passed at the May session, 1861, quarterly returns were received by the Secretary of State from the jails of each county of the State, an abstract of which was embodied in a report to the Legislature at its May session, 1862. Statistics obtained from this report are presented on the following page. VITAL STATISTICS.-The State Librarian, Charles J. Hoadly, is by law the Registrar-General of the State. He reports for the year ending April 1, 1862, 11,934 births, of which 6,179 were males, 5687 females, and 68 not stated. Marriages, 3757, of which 3356 were between parties both of whom resided in the State, 332 in which the husband was a non-resident, 72 in which both were nonresidents, and 27 residence not stated. In 2529 both parties were American, 996 both foreign, 110 the wife foreign, and 115 the husband of foreign birth. The number of deaths was 7735, of whom 3793 were males, 3821 females, and in 118 cases the sex was not stated. Of the whole number of deaths, 1515 were under 1 year, 1125 between 1 and 5 years, 430 between 5 and 10, 476 between 10 and 20, 705 between 20 and 30, 583 between 30 and 40, 451 between 40 and 50, 503 between 50 and 60, 563 between 60 and 70, 682 between 70 and 80, 452 between 80 and 90, 106 between 90 and 100, and 4 above 100. In 140 cases, the age was not stated; 3546 (a little more than of the whole) died under the age of 20; 1244 (not quite one-sixth of the whole) were over 70; 1739, or 25.38 per cent. of the whole, died of diseases of the respirative organs; 1978, or 28.86 per cent., of zymotic-i.e. epidemic, endemic, and contagious-diseases; 891, or 13 per cent., of diseases of the neryous organs; 743, or 10.84 per cent., of diseases of uncertain seat; 349, or 5.09 per cent., of diseases of the digestive organs; 219, or 3.19 per cent.. of diseases of the circulative organs; 53, or 0.77 per cent., of diseases of the urinary organs; 126, or 1.83 per cent. of diseases of the generative organs; 37, or 0.54 per cent., of diseases of the locomotive organs (rheumatism, hip-disease, gout, &c.); 16, or 0.23 per cent., of diseases of the integumentative organs; 393, or 5.73 per cent., of old age; 311, or 4.54 per cent., by violence, including 31 cases of suicide, 116 of accidents, and 56 by drowning; in 666 cases the cause of death was unknown, and there were 214 still births. The number of both births and deaths was greater than in any previous year since 1848, when the system of registration was adopted, the number of births exceeding those of the previous year which was the highest by 61; and the deaths those of the previous year by 133. The marriages were 279 less than the previous year, and 529 less than in 1855. AGRICULTURE, ETC.-There is a State Agricultural Society, and a county society in each county, as well as some town societies. The State society holds an annual fair during the month of October, usually in Hartford, where they have a fine park and grounds. Each of the county societies also hold a fair in September or October. The State makes a small grant of $150 to $200 to each county society for the promotion of their purposes. The amount thus granted in 1861-2 was $1480. MILITARY AFFAIRS.-At the commencement of the war, the military laws of Connecticut were very defective, and were couched in such terms that the Governor, though Commander-in-Chief, had no legal authority to call out the militia, as such, for service beyond the State limits. He accordingly made a call for volunteers, and within 22 days 54 companies offered and were accepted by the Governor. The President refusing to receive more than three regiments (30 companies) of threemonths men, the other 24 companies were disbanded; but 20 companies (two regiments) immodiately volunteered for three years or during the war, and were accepted. For some months the General Government discouraged enlistments in the State, refusing to receive regiments, and over 2000 young men from Connecticut volunteered in regiments from other States. In August, the Secretary of War, after earnest solicitation, agreed to receive four more regiments of infantry, and, as more were offered, other regiments were subsequently raised and accepted. On the 1st of April, 1862, the volunteer soldiery raised and sent to the war by the State were as follows: three regiments infantry (1st, 2d, and 3d) three-months men, each regiment consisting of 780 men, mustered out after the expiration of their term of service; ten regiments of three-years men, viz.: the 4th regiment (1st Conn. artillery, 1713 men), 5th (1102 men), 6th (1008 men), 7th (1018 men), 8th (1027 men), 9th (845 men), 10th (996 men), 11th (920 men), 12th (1006 men), and 13th (1017 men), infantry regiments; one squadron (163 meh); and |