have endowed other universities; and they will endow it the more willingly, the more catholic and comprehensive the institution shall be. It is an era of confederation. We have a Theological school, a Medical school, a Law-yes, a Law school, only it is diffused among the men of law in offices and courts, holding by a fundamental and most honorable tradition too important ever to be lost sight of. Yet our Law school has been somewhat concentrated here in Portland, has expressed itself in repeated courses of lectures; just as a popular chair of general literature, anticipating the movement of university extension, has been sustained for many years by our learned associate, the Reverend Doctor Dalton. From such germs institutions grow. We have collegiate schools of excellent character, centers of instruction in the academic arts, each capable of development in the way of special studies and post-graduate courses, as our progress may demand. We have the essential elements of a University of Maine, but not so coördinated as to give them the collective character and efficiency of a university. We have no single intellectual corporation whose trust and responsibility it is to represent the people and government with respect to the sum total of higher institutions, as they are related to all the possibilities of teaching and learning in the commonwealth, and so to quicken aspiration and encourage effort throughout the whole body of society. It may be we have not given due consideration to the European doctrine and practice of separating the examining function from the teaching function- the preparing for degrees from

the conferring of degrees. It is easy to go on as we are going. Conventional methods are provisionally useful not to be rashly disturbed. But is there not a problem for our teachers and legislators interesting and important in proportion to its difficulty, namely:

To find that happy concordat and corporate leadership, which shall save our higher institutions of learning, from imitative competition and self-satisfied isolation, relieved possibly by a faint odor of denominational sanctity, and combine them in one free and coöperative service for the best teaching and the best learning, which the progress of intelligence and legislation may open before them?

To organize teaching so as to stimulate study by the impartial appreciation of personal acquisitions, whether in the most populous municipality or the remotest cabin of the state, such is the proper aim of the ideal University of Maine.

SOME HUGUENOT AND OTHER EARLY SETTLERS ON THE KENNEBEC IN THE PRESENT TOWN OF DRESDEN.

BY CHARLES E. ALLEN.

Read before the Maine Historical Society, March 17, 1892. On the eastern bank of Kennebec river, in the present town of Dresden, and upon an eminence which overlooks the historic stream, and the present village of Richmond, is a pretty inclosure, some acres in extent, locally known as Forest Grove Cemetery. In

the central part of that inclosure may be seen an obelisk of Quincy granite, on the western polished panel of which is cut the following inscription:

LOUIS HOUDELETTE

AND

MARY CAVALEAR

his Wife, French Huguenots.

There appears to be a growing interest on the part of the common people in the story of the Huguenots and their migration to America. In my schoolboy days children who studied the history of their country became tolerably familiar with the record of the Pilgrims, at Plymouth, with the story of William Penn and his Quakers, and with the account of the Dutch settlers at New Amsterdam, and possibly they gleaned from the chapters on the French and Indian War some idea of the French settlements in Canada. But far more important than any one of these, in its effect upon the character of our country was that immigration from France, in the seventeenth and eighteen centuries, which gave all the colonies, from Nova Scotia to Carolina, and to Florida, a class which, as Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge remarks, produced for our country in proportion to their numbers, more men of ability than any other people.

The story of the Huguenots-or French Protestants is a historic tragedy possessing thrilling interest. Their persecution, which led to the exodus of a million or more of the best artisans of France, like all similar persecutions, was incidentally religious, but

chiefly political. The first works on the subject appear to have been written by French authors. Later, English writers produced volumes giving accounts of those who sought refuge on British soil. Dutch and German authorities are also plentiful. But American works on the subject are almost wholly of recent date, of which that by Dr. Baird is perhaps the most important for Americans. With a single exception, however, I have found no attempt to connect the state of Maine with this extraordinary migration to our shores. For although it is the purpose of this paper to present some of the records of a single locality, there are traces of Huguenot settlers in various parts of Maine; and we are surrounded with people who bear the old French names, although sometimes those names have with the lapse of time become very materially changed.

There are those who have questioned the correctness of the inscription on that monument in the cemetery on Dresden neck. Most historians, as North in History of Augusta, and R. H. Gardiner, in History of the Kennebec Purchase, either affirm that Dresden was settled by Germans, or pass very lightly over the French part of the record. Rufus K. Sewall, in Ancient Dominions, comes very near the exact truth when he declares that "the hamlet (then Frankfort plantation) received accessions from French Huguenots." I propose to show that, with the exception of one or two families of earlier date, to be noted hereafter, Frankfort plantation, now Dresden, was settled in 1752 by French Protestants who left their country on account of their religion, and who brought with

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them a few of their German brethren. In Baird's work on the Huguenots in America may be seen a picture of Oxford, Massachusetts, the site of a Huguenot colony. I have a picture of the Eastern river valley, Dresden, the site of a Huguenot colony in Maine. On the banks of that beautiful, winding, navigable tributary of the Kennebec, and oftentimes upon lands granted to the wanderers of 1752 by the Plymouth proprietors, may still be found the descendants of our Huguenot settlers in Maine. And in many instances the families still retain those French names which I have been enabled to trace back to a period only twenty-one years subsequent to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, a century and a half ago.

The name of Huguenot was applied to all Protestants in France, of which there were two classes or sects the Calvinists, whose faith originated on French soil, who were found generally in the South and West of France, and who were by far the most numerous and influential; and the Lutherans, older, and generally confined to the eastern provinces, where at Montbeliard in the present department of Doubs, they had a flourishing college. They imported the Augsburg Confession of Faith from Germany. With a few exceptions, possibly, our Dresden Huguenots were Lutherans. I hope to be able to ascertain the names of them all, but as yet have done so only in part. Silvester Gardiner has a charge against the Plymouth proprietors for supplies furnished forty-six French and Germans at Frankfort early in the year 1752. Of this number, I find twenty-five or twenty-eight French