not nearly so numerous as on the English. Of importance is Thomas Pichon's1 Lettres et Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du Cap Breton (a la Haye, 1760), of which there is an English translation, of the same year, purporting to be copied from the author's original manuscript.2 Of individual experiences and accounts there are, on the English side, John Montresor's journal, in the Coll. of the N. Y. Hist. Soc., 1881 (p. 151);3 An Authentic Account of the Reduction of WOLFE.4 Louisbourg in June and July, 1758, by a Spectator (London, 1758), which Parkman calls excellent, and says that Entick, in his General History of the Late War (London, 1764), used it without acknowledgment. The same authority characterizes as admirable the account in John Knox's Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North America, 1757-17607 (vol. i. p. 144), with its numerous letters and orders relating to the siege. Wright, in his Life of Wolfe, gives various letters of that active officer. Parkman also uses a diary of a captain or subaltern in Amherst's army, found in the garret of an old house at Windsor, Nova Scotia. Some contemporary letters will be found in the Grenville Correspondence (vol. i. pp. 240265); and other views of that day respecting the event can be gleaned from Walpole's Memoirs of George the Second (2d ed., vol. iii. 134).9 Of the modern accounts, the most considerable are those in Warburton's Conquest of Canada (N. Y., 1850, vol. ii. p. 74), Brown's History of Cape Breton, and the story as recently told with unusual spirit and acquaintance with the sources in Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe (vol. ii. chap. xix). Amherst had wished to push up to Quebec immediately upon the fall of Louisbourg, but the news from Abercrombie and some hesitancy of Boscawen put an end to the hope. Chatham Correspondence, i. 331–333. The reports of the capture reached London August 18. (Grenville Correspondence, i. p. 258.) Jenkinson writes (Sept. 7, 1758), "Yesterday the colours that were taken at Louisbourg were carried in procession to Saint Paul's; the mob was inmense." (Grenville Corresp., i. 265.) Speaking of Amherst's success at Louisbourg, Burrows, in his Life of Lord Hawke (London, 1883, p. 340), says: “So entirely has the impor 1 He sometimes called himself Thomas Signis Tyrrell, after his mother's family. Cf. Akins' Select. from Pub. Doc. of N. Scotia, p. 229, where some of Pichon's papers, preserved at Halifax, are printed. 2 Sabin, xv. 62,610-11; Brinley, i. no. 71; Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 1,274-75. There are in the Collection de Manuscrits (Quebec, 1883, etc.) Drucour's account of the defences of Louisbourg (iv. 145); Lahoulière's account of the siege, dated Aug. 6, 1758 (iv. 176), and other narratives (iii. 465–486). 8 Also, Ibid., p. 188, is a journal of a subsequent scout of Montresor's through the island. 4 After the print in Entick's Gen. Hist. of the Late War, 3d ed., vol. iv. p. 90. See the engraving from Knox's journal, on another page, in ch. viii. 5 Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,184. 6 Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,389. 7 Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,680. 8 Particularly letters of Nathaniel Cotton, a chaplain on one of the ships. 9 Cf. references in Barry's Massachusetts, ii. p. 230. There are some letters in the Penna. Archives, ii.. 442, etc. * From the northeast. One of Des Barres' coast views. (In Harvard College library.) Dr. A. H. Nichols, of Boston, possesses a plan of Louisbourg made by Geo. Follings, of Boston, a gunner in the service. He has also a contemporary sketch of the fort at Canso. † One of Des Barres' coast views, 1779. (In Harvard College library.) A contemporary view showing the town from a point near the light-house is given in Cassell's United States, i. 528. tance of this place receded into the background that it requires an effort to understand why the success of Boscawen and Amherst should have been thought worthy of the solemn thanks of Parliament, and why the captured colors of the enemy should have been paraded through the streets of London." Mr. William S. Appleton, in the Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc., vol. xi. pp. 297, 298, describes three medals struck to commemorate the siege of 1758. Cf. also Trans. Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc., 1872-73, p. 79. A view of Louisburg in North America, taken from near the light-house, when that city was besieged in 1758, is the title of a contemporary copper-plate engraving published by Jefferys. (Carter-Brown, iii. p. 335.) Cf. the view in Cassell's United States, i. 528. The plan of the siege, here presented, is reproduced from Brown's Hist. of Cape Breton (p. 297): KEY: The French batteries to oppose the landing were as follows: C. One swivel. D. Two swivels. E. Two six-pounders. F. One twenty-pounder and two six-pounders. G. One seven-inch and one eight-inch mortar. H. Two swivels. I. Two six-pounders. K. Two six-pounders. N. Two twelve-pounders. O. Two six-pounders. P. Two twenty-four pounders. Q. Two six-pounders. R. Two twelve-pounders. The points of attack were as follows: A. Landing of the first column. B. Landing of the second column. These troops carried the adjacent batteries and pursued their defenders towards the city. The headquarters of the English were now established at H Q, while the position of the various regiments is marked by the figures corresponding to their numbers. Three redoubts (R 1, 2, 3) were thrown up in advance, and two block houses (B H 1, 2) were built on their left flank; and later, to assist communication with Wolfe, who had been sent to the east side of the harbor, a third block-house (B H 3) was constructed. Then a fourth redoubt was raised at Green Hill (G HR 4) to cover work in the trenches. Meanwhile the English batteries at the lighthouse had destroyed the island battery, and the French had sunk ships in the channel to impede the entrance of the English fleet. The first parallel was opened at T, T1, T2, and a rampart was raised, E P, to protect the men passing to the trenches. Wolfe now erected a new redoubt at R 5, to drive off a French frigate near the Barachois, which annoyed the trenches; and another at R 6, which soon successfully sustained a strong attack. The second (T 3, 4) and third (T 5, 6) parallels were next established. A boat attack from the English fleet outside led to the destruction and capture of the two remaining French ships in the harbor, opening the way for the entrance of the English fleet. At this juncture the town surrendered. Cf. also the plans in Jefferys' Natural and Civil Hist. of the French Dominions in North America (1760), and in Mante's Hist. of the War (annexed). Parkman, in his Montcalm and Wolfe, ii. 52, gives an eclectic map. Father Abraham's Almanac, published at Philadelphia and Boston in 1759, has a map of the siege. Treaty at Halifax of Governor Lawrence with the St. John and Passamaquoddy Indians, Feb. 23, 1760. (Mass. Archives, xxxiv.; Williamson, i. 344.) Conference with the Eastern Indians at Fort Pownall, Mar. 2, 1760. (Mass. Archives, xxix. 478.) Pownall's treaty of April 29, 1760. Brigadier Preble's letter, April 30, 1760, respecting the terms on which he had received the Penobscots under the protection of the government. (Mass. Archives, xxxiii.) Conference with the Penobscots at the council chamber in Boston, Aug. 22, 1763. (Mass. Archives, xxix. 482.) Cf. on the Indian treaties, Maine Hist. Soc. Collections, iii. 341, 359. The treaty of Paris had been signed Feb. 10, 1763. |