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CYMBELINE.

LITERARY AND HISTORICAL NOTICE.

MALONE supposes that Shakspeare wrote Cymbeline in the year 1605. The main incidents upon which the p ot turas, occur in a novel of Boccaccio's; but our poet obtained them in a different shape, from an old storybook entitled Westward for Smelts. Cymbeline, who gives name to the play, but is a cipher of royalty, began to reign over Britain in the 19th year of Augustus Cæsar. He filled the throne during thirty-five years, leaving two sons, Guiderius and Arviragus. The play commences in the 16th year of the Christian era, which was the 24th year of Cymbeline's reign, and the 42nd of Augustus's. The subject of the piece is disjointed and much too diffuse: it exhibits some monstrous breaches of dramatic unity, and several very languid and make-shift scenes. But the part of Imogen is most delicately and delightfully drawn; her ideas are remarkably luxuriant, yet restrained; and the natural warmth of her affections is, in many instances, most beautifully expressed. Cloten is an incongruous animal, with some strong points about him; and a fine contrast to Posthumus, who is sketched with great judgment, feeling, and consistency. The Queen is an unfinished character, desirous of producing mischief, but possessing neither energy nor ability to accomplish her schemes; and though lachimo's cunning is portrayed with uncommon skill in his first attempt upon Imogen's virtue, yet his subsequent penitence and candour (however conducive to the moral) are not consistent with the usual hardihood of so thorough-paced a villain. Notwithstanding its fine passages and affecting incidents, this play was lost to the stage until Garrick undertook to revise it, by the abridgment of some scenes, and the transposition of others, it was reduced within the compass of a night's performance; and has since continued a periodical favourite with the public. Dr. Johnson decides the merits of this historical drama in the following summary mauner: "To remark the folly of the fiction, the absurdity of the conduct, the confusion of the names and manners of different times, and the impossibility of the events in any system of life, were to waste criticism upon unresisting imbecility, upon faults too evident for detection, and too gross for aggravation." No one can deny the elegance or point of the Doctor's critical sentences, nor their murderous efficiency when meant to despatch an adversary at a single blow; but the greatest fault of our poet consists in his having christened some characters of the first century with names which belonged to the fifteenth; and in his having seasoned their antique Roman honesty with a smattering of modern Italian villany.

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4 Many pages of controversy have been wasted upon this passage, which is very obscure, and must ever re

main sc.

1 Gent. His daughter, and the heir of his
kingdom, whom

He purpos'd to his wife's sole son, (a widow,
That late he married,) hath referr'd herself
Unto a poor but worthy gentleman: She's wedded;
Her husband banish'd; she imprison'd: all
Is outward sorrow; though, I think, the king
Be touch'd at very heart.

2 Gent. None but the king?

1 Gent. He, that hath lost her, too: so is the [tier, queen, That most desir'd the match: But not a courAlthough they wear their faces to the bent Of the king's looks, hath a heart that is not Glad at the thing they scowl at.

2 Gent. And why so?

1 Gent. He that hath miss'd the princess, is a thing

Too bad for bad report: and he that hath her,
(I mean, that married her, alack, good man!
And therefore banish'd) is a creature such
As, to seek through the relgions of the earth
For one his like, there would be something
failing

In him that should compare. I do not think
So fair an outward, and such stuff within,
Endows a man but he.

2 Gent. You speak him far. *

1 Gent. I do extend him, Sir, within himself; Crush him together, rather than unfold His measure duly.

2 Gent. What's his name, and birth ?

1 Gent. I cannot delve him to the root: His
father

Was call'd Sicilius, who did join his honour
Against the Romans, with Cassibelan;
But had his titles by Tenantius, whom
He serv'd with glory and admir'd success;
So gain'd the sur-addition, Leonatus:
And had, besides this gentleman in question,
Two other sons, who, in the wars o'the time,
Died with their swords in hand; for which their
father

(Then old and fond of issue,) took such sorrow,
That he quit being; and his gentle lady,
Big of this gentleman, our theme, deceas'd
As he was born. The king, he takes the babe
To his protection; calls him Posthumus;
Breeds him, and makes him of his bed-chamber:
Puts him to all the learnings that his time
Could make him the receiver of; which he
took,

As we do air, fast as 'twas minister'd; and
In his spring became a harvest: Liv'd in court,
(Which rare it is to do,) most prais'd, most
lov'd:
[ture,
A sample to the youngest; to the more ma-
A glass that feated them; and to the graver,
A child that guided dotards: to his mistress,
For whom he now is banish'd,-her own price
Proclaims how she esteem'd him and his virtue ;
By her election may be truly read,
What kind of man he is.

2 Gent. I honour him

So soon as I can win the offended king,
will be known your advocate: marry, yet
The fire of rage is in him; and 'twere good
You lean'd unto his sentence, with what pa
tience

Your wisdom may inform you.
Post. Please your highness,
I will from hence to-day.

Queen. You know the peril :

I'll fetch a turn about the garden, pitying
The pangs of barr'd affections; though

king

the

Hath charg'd you should not speak together.
[Exit QUEEN.

Imo. O

Dissembling courtesy! How fine this tyrant
Can tickle where she wounds -My dearest
husband,
[thing

I something fear my father's wrath; but
(Always reserv'd my holy duty,) what
His rage can do on me: You must be gone;
And I shall here abide the hourly shot
Of angry eyes; nor comforted to live,
But that there is this jewel in this world,
That I may see again.

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Post. My queen! my mistress!
O lady, weep no more; lest I give cause
To be suspected of more tenderness
Than doth become a man! I will remain
The loyal'st husband that did e'er plight troth.
My residence in Rome at one Philario's ;
Who to my father was a friend, to me
Known but by letter: thither write, my queen,
And with mine eyes I'll drink the words you
send,
Though ink be made of gall.

Re-enter QUEEN.

Queen. Be brief, I pray you: If the king come, I shall incur I know not How much of his displeasure:-Yet I'll move bini [Aside.

To walk this way: I never do him wrong,
But he does buy my injuries, to be friends;
Pays dear for my offences.

[Exit.

Post. Should we be taking leave
As long a term as yet we have to live,
The loathness to depart would grow: Adieu !
Imo. Nay, stay a little :

But, 'pray you, tell me, Were you but riding forth to air yourself,

Even out of your report. Is she sole child to the king ? 1 Gent. His only child. He had two sons, (if this be worth your hearing, Mark it,) the eldest of them at three years old, I'the swathing clothes the other, from their [knowledge nursery Were stolen and, to this hour, no guess in Which way they went.

2 Gent. How long is this ago?

1 Gent. Some twenty years.

2 Gent. That a king's children should be so convey'd !

So slackly guarded! And the search so slow,
That could not trace them!

1 Gent. Howsoe'er 'tis strange,

Or that the negligence may well be laugh'd at, Yet is it true, Sir.

2 Gent. I do well believe you.

I Gent. We must forbear: Here come the queen and princess.

SCENE II.-The same.

Exeunt.

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Such parting were too petty. Look here, love;
This diamond was my mother's: take it, heart;
But keep it till you woo another wife,
When Imogen is dead.

Post. How! how! another?-
You gentle gods give me but this I have,
And sear up my embracements from a next
With bonds of death -Remain thou here

[Putting on the Ring. While sense + can keep it on! And sweetest, fairest,

As I my poor self did exchange for you,
To your so infinite loss; so, in our trifles
I still win of you: For my sake, wear this;

It is a manacle of love: I'll place it

Upon this fairest prisoner.

[Putting a Bracelet on her Arm.

Imo. O the gods!

When shall we see again?

Enter CYMBELINE and LORDS.

Post. Alack, the king!

Cym. Thou basest thing, avoid! hence, from

my sight!

If, after this command, thou fraught the court
With thy unworthiness, thou diest: Away!
Thou art poison to my blood.

Post. The gods protect you!

And bless the good remainders of the court!
I am gone.

Imo. There cannot be a pinch in death
More sharp than this is.

Cym. O disloyal thing,

• Close up.

[Exit

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That should'st repair my youth; thou heapest
A year's age on me!

Imo. I beseech you, Sir,

Harm not yourself with your vexation; I

Am senseless of your wrath; a touch more

rare

Subdues all pangs, all fears.

Cym. Past grace? obedience

Imo. Past hope, and in despair: that way, past grace.

Cym. That might'st have had the sole son of my queen!

Imo. O bless'd, that I might not! I chose an eagle,

And did avoid a puttock. +

Cym. Thou took'st a beggar; would'st have made my throne

A seat for baseness.

Imo. No; I rather added

A lustre to it.

Cym. O thou vile one!
Imo. Sir,

It is your fault that I have lov'd Posthumus :
You bred him as my playfellow; and he is
A man, worth any woman; overbuys me
Almost the sum he pays.

Cym. What !-art thou mad?

Imo. Almost, Sir: Heaven restore me!-
'Would I were

A neat-herd's daughter! and my Leonatus
Our neighbour shepherd's son !

Re-enter QUEEN.

Cym. Thou foolish thing!—
They were again together: you have done

SCENE 111.-A Public Place.

Enter CLOTEN, and two LORDS.

1 Lord. Sir, I would advise you to shift a shirt; the violence of action hath made you reek as a sacrifice: Where air comes out, air comes in: there's none abroad so wholesome as that you vent.

Clo. If my shirt were bloody, then to shift-it -Have I hurt him?

2 Lord. No, faith; not so much as his patience. [Aside. 1 Lord. Hurt him? his body's a passable carcass, if he be not hurt: it is a thoroughfare for steel if it be not hurt.

2 Lord. His steel was in debt; it went o'the backside the town. [Aside.

Clo. The villain would not stand me. 2 Lord. No; but he fled forward still, toward your face. [Aside. 1 Lord. Stand you! You had land enough of your own but he added to your having; gave you some ground.

2 Lord. As many inches as you have oceans: Puppies! [Aside. Clo. I would, they had not come between us. how long a fool you were upon the ground. 2 Lord. So would I, till you had measured

[Aside. Clo. And that she should love this fellow, and refuse me !

2 Lord. If it be a sin to make a true election, she is damned. [Aside.

1 Lord. Sir, as I told you always, her beauty and her brain go not together: She's a [To the QUEEN.good sign, but I have seen small reflection of her wit. +

Not after our command. Away with her,
And pen her up.

Queen. 'Beseech your patience :-Peace,
Dear lady daughter, peace ;-Sweet sovereign,
Leave us to ourselves; and make yourself some

comfort

Out of your best advice.

Cym. Nay, let her languish

A drop of blood a day; and, being aged,
Die of this folly !

Enter PISANIO.

Queen. Fie !-you must give way:

2 Lord. She shines not upon fools, lest the reflection should hurt her. [Aside. Clo. Come, I'll to my chamber: 'Would there had been some hurt done!

2 Lord. I wish not so; unless it had been the fall of an ass, which is no great hurt.

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Here is your servant.-How now, Sir? What
news?

Pis. My lord, your son drew on my master.
Queen. Ha!

No barm, I trust, is done?

Pis. There might have been,

But that my master rather play'd than fought,
And had no help of anger: they were parted
By gentlemen at hand.

Queen. I am very glad on't.

Imo. Your son's my father's friend; he takes

his part.

To draw upon an exile !-O brave Sir!-
I would they were in Afric both together;
Myself by with a needle, that I might prick
The goer back.-Why came you from your

master?

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[Aside.

[Exeunt.

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Have turn'd mine eye, and wept.-But, good for courtesies, which I will be ever to pay, and

Pisanio,

When shall we hear from him?

Pis. Be assur'd, madam, With his next vantage.

Imo. I did not take my leave of him, but had Most pretty things o say: ere I could tell him, How I would think on him, at certain hours, Such thoughts, and such; or I could make him

swear

The shes of Italy should not betray

Mine interest, and his honour; or have charg'd
him,
[night,
At the sixth hour of morn, at noon, at mid-
To encounter me with orisons, for then
I am in beaven for him or ere I could
Give him that parting kiss, which I had set
Betwixt two charming words, comes in
father,

my

And, like the tyrannous breathing of the north,
Shakes all our buds from growing.

Enter a LADY.

Lady. The queen, madam,

Desires your highness' company.

yet pay still.

French. Sir, you o'er-rate my poor kindness: I was glad I did atone my countryman and you; it had been pity you should have been put together with so mortal a purpose as then each bore, upon importance of so slight and trivial a

nature.

Post. By your pardon, Sir, I was then a young traveller: rather shunned to go even with what I heard, than in my every action to be guided by others' experiences: but, upon my mended judgment, (if I offend not to say it is mended,) my quarrel was not altogether slight.

French. 'Faith, yes, to be put to the arbitrement of swords; and by such two, that would, by all likelihood, have confounded one the other, or have fallen both.

Iach. Can we, with manners, ask what was the difference?

French. Safely, I think: 'twas a contention in public, which may, without contradiction, suffer the report. It was much like an argument that fell out last night, where each of us

Imo. Those things I bid you do, get them fell in praise of our country mistresses: This

despatch'd.

I will attend the queen.

Pis. Madam, I shall.

[Exeunt.

SCENE V-Rome.-An Apartment in PHI-
LARIO'S House.

Enter PHILARIO, IACHIMO, a FRENCHMAN, a
DUTCHMAN, and a SPANIARD.
Jach. Believe it, Sir, I have seen him in Bri-
tain he was then of a crescent note, § expected
to prove so worthy, as since he hath been al-
lowed the name of: but I could then have
looked on him without the help of admiration;
though the catalogue of his endowments bad
been tabled by his side, and I to peruse him

by items.

Phi. You speak of him when he was less furnished, than now he is, with that which makes him both without and within.

French. I have seen him in France: we had very many there, could behold the sun with as firm eyes as he.

Jach. This matter of marrying his king's daughter, (wherein he must be weighed, rather by her value than his own,) words him, I doubt not, a great deal from the matter.

gentleman at that time vouching, (and upon warrant of bloody affirmation,) his to be more fair, virtuous, wise, chaste, constant-qualified, and less attemptible, than any the rarest of our

ladies in France.

lach. That lady is not now living; or this gentleman's opinion by this worn out. Post. She holds her virtue still, and I my mind.

Iach. You must not so far prefer her 'fore our's of Italy.

Post. Being so far provoked as I was in France, I would abate her nothing: though I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. hand comparison,) had been something too fair Iach. As fair and as good (a kind of hand-inIf she and too good for any lady in Britany. went before others I have seen, as that diamond of your's outlustres many I have beheld, I could not but believe she excelled many; but I have not seen the most precious diamond that is, nor you the lady.

Post. I praised her, as I rated her so do I my stone.

Jach. What do you esteem it at ?
Post. More than the world enjoys.
Jach. Either your unparagoned mistress is dead,
or she's outpriz'd by a trifle.

other is not a thing for sale, and only the gift of the gods.

Post. You are mistaken: the one may be French. And then his banishment:-Jach. Ay, and the approbation of those that sold, or given; if there were wealth enough weep this lamentable divorce, under her co-for the purchase, or merit for the gift: the lours, are wonderfully to extend ¶ him: be it but to fortify her judgment, which else an easy battery might lay flat, for taking a beggar without more quality. But how comes it, he is to sojourn with you? How creeps acquaintauce?

Phi. His father and I were soldiers together;

to whom I have been often bound for no less than my life :---

Jach. Which the gods have given you?
Post. Which by their graces, I will heep.

lach. You may wear her in title your's: but, you know, strange fowl light upon neighbouring ponds. Your ring may be stolen too: so, of your brace of unprizable estimations, the one is but fail, and the other casual; a cunning thief, or a that-way accomplished courtier, would hazard the winning both of first and last.

Enter POSTHUMUS. Here comes the Briton: Let him be so enterPost. Your Italy contains none so accom. tained amongst you, as suits, with gentlemen of your knowing, to a stranger of quality.-1 be- plished a courtier, to convince the honour of seech you all, be better known to this gentle-my mistress; if, in the holding or loss of that, I do nothing doubt you man; whom I commend to you as a noble friend you term her frail. have store of thieves; notwithstanding I fear of mine: How worthy he is, I will leave to apnot my ring. pear hereafter, rather than story him in his own hearing.

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