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Richard Hakluyt, "Preacher," the third name on the Richard Hakluyt. Virginia Patent of 1606, was about this time chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English Ambassador in Paris, and his letters to Secretary Walsyngham (31, 35, 37) are evidence of the warm interest he took in these voyages of discovery, and the efforts he made to push them forward, "because I know that this present enterprise is like soon. to wax cold and fall to the ground, unless in this second voyage all diligence in searching out every hope of gain "be used. For mine own part I am most willing "to go now in the same this present setting forth, and in "the service of God and my country to employ all my "ample observations, reading, and conference whatsoever." And because the time is exceeding short, he desires Walsyngham's answer upon sight whereof, with wings of Pegasus, I would soon fly into England" (31). In another letter Hakluyt solicits Walsyngham again and Proposes again for the erection of a lecture for the Art of Navi- for the gation, about which he had speech with Sir Francis Drake Art of and others, and he recommends that Her Majesty be induced to erect such a lecture in Oxford and in London, allowing to each 501. yearly. "In my simple judgment it "would be the best 1007. bestowed these five hundred

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years in England" (35). Hakluyt was careful to advertise Raleigh from time to time, and to send him discourses concerning his voyage, which "doth much vex the Spaniards" (37). "The twenty several titles or "heads of chapters contained in the book of Sir Walter

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Raleigh's voyage Hakluyt presented to Secretary Walsyngham "written all with my hand," who hath very earnestly oftentimes writ for it, and so hath the Earl of Leicester, but as yet this is the first (42). This is probably Hakluyt's relation of the West Indies," purchased by the Lords of Trade and Plantations in 1676 for 10s. (983).

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Lectures

Navigation.

Samuel
Purchas.

Sir Francis
Drake.

Sir John
Hawkins.

There is only one reference in this volume to Purchas, or rather to a continuation of his history. At a meeting of a Committee of Trade and Plantations, in February 1675, it was resolved by their Lordships to consider of a method of having journals from all merchants ships going long voyages, and they proposed a continuation of Purchas' History with relation to His Majesty's plantations, and for finding out a fit person for this undertaking (445).

There are several references to Sir Francis Drake. In a private letter to an English merchant, we have a graphic account of the taking of San Domingo early in 1586. The captain of a ship of Newhaven said that Drake had left. on 22nd January "with all the riches of the island." He captured five great galleons and great provision of oil, wine, and rice, with 350 brass pieces, powder and shot. He took away with him 1,200 English, French, Flemings, and Provincials out of prison, besides 800 of the country captives. "The manner of the taking of the island," sent to the Lord Admiral, was in this wise. It seems Sir Francis played with the Spaniards three days, making many false alarms as though he would have landed, and so wearied and tired them. Then very secretly he landed 800 men in most warlike order a league or two off, and in the meantime his ships " gave a whole charge," whereupon the enemy issued out of the town to defend the landing, when the 800 men cutting between the enemy and the town, upon their backs, striking up their drums and displaying ensigns, so amazed them that they were scattered, killed, and spoiled, very nearly 10,000 (41). In April 1596 William Stallenge wrote to Sir Robert Cecil that he was very sorry to communicate such unpleasant news, yet thought it his duty to send him the enclosed journal of the [last] voyage of Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins, by Captain Troughton. From this journal we learn that

the fleet sailed from Plymouth on 28th August 1595, but when they reached the coast of Spain "

many unkind speeches passed with our Generals, such as Sir John "Hawkins never put off till death." First, there was a consultation as to taking the Grand Canaries, Sir Francis being in favour of the design, Sir John against it, but at the earnest request of some of his friends was content to assist, yet in his judgment it was labour lost. They anchored on 26th September before the fort, but after some show of resistance Sir Thomas Baskerville made his retreat without putting foot on land. Arrived at Dominica 28th October, two days afterwards they anchored at Guadaloupe.

On 2nd Sic.

On 31st October Sir John Hawkins, "not able to bear his griefs out longer, sickened." On 4th November they anchored "among " the Virgin Islands; and on 12th November at Porto Rico, where Sir Nicholas Clifford was killed by a shot, and on this day died Sir John Hawkins, "whose death of many was much lamented."* December Rio del Hacha was taken where great store of pearls, plate, jewels, and ryals, silk, rich apparel, and "much other luggage" was found, and the town burnt. Great store of gold, silver, and jewels was also taken at Nombre de Dios. On 29th December they "took the journey for Panama, now the mark of our voyage," but impeded by Spaniards and negroes retreated to the ships. On 28th January 1596 they came to Puerto Bello, and "this morning died our General Sir Francis Drake." Ten days later Sir Thomas Baskerville, "taking upon him General," set sail homewards. On their way they descried 20 of the King of Spain's war ships "waiting our home coming." It was Captain Troughton's fortune to take the Vice Admiral, "one of the twelve Apostles of the King.' He left Sir Thomas Baskerville in a storm on 14th March

Virginia.

Sir Thomas
Gates,
Governor.

(46, 46 1.). Rio del Hacha was again sacked and burnt by the English 60 years later (260).

The letters of Cromwell's sea captains and officers in this addenda show that the spirit of the Elizabethan age which dominated Drake, Hawkins, and others of Queen Elizabeth's naval Commanders was much the same in the latter period of the Interregnum, the contract being that the seamen and soldiers should have half of what they took. But Major Sedgwick was "strongly opposed to "this kind of marooning, cruising, plundering, and burning of towns, though, as he said, it hath long "been practised in these parts, yet is not honourable for a princely navy" (236).

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Both the Virginia Patents of 1606 and 1609 will be found very fully abstracted (48, 49). In the earlier patent the first four names are Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, Richard Hakluyt, and Edward Maria Wingfield. The last was President of the Council of Virginia in 1607, Sir Thomas Gates went out as Governor with Sir George Somers in 1610, and his letter to Lord Treasurer Salisbury in the first volume describes their shipwreck and landing at the Bermudas. Sir Thomas Gates, we gather from a speech of Sir Ralph Winwood, our Ambassador at the Hague, in February 1611, had long been in the service of the United Provinces. He told the States General how some English Lords and gentlemen of quality, at their own expense, had undertaken to plant a colony in Virginia, and among those who had laboured for the success of this design, there was not one who had done more to advance it than "one of your captains named "Sir Thomas Gates, who the past year was there, where "the providence of God led him, after having run the "risk of shipwreck, being cast in a tempest upon the

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Bermudas, where he dwelt with all his followers more

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"than forty weeks. His Majesty of Great Britain desiring "the happy issue of this undertaking because of the good "which he foresees will arise out of it, as well for the "Christian religion as for the increase of commerce, is of opinion that nobody is more fit to be employed there "than Sir Thomas Gates, as well for his sufficiency as "for the knowledge he has of these quarters of the world. This is why His Majesty has commanded me to beg "your Lordship in his name and on his behalf that, with your kind permission, he may be able to make once

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more a tour in those countries, and remain for some

time there to govern the Colony until your service

recalls him home." The Ambassador continues: "It "must not be feared that this demand will be drawn into

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a precedent, for there is only he and Captain Dale "destined for employment in this service. I beseech

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your prompt resolution, the business does not require long deliberation. Sir Thomas Gates is under orders, "and the four ships destined this time for the voyage to

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Virginia are ready to sail, and only await a favourable "wind and his coming." The States General made answer they were content that, at His Majesty's instance, Sir Thomas Gates might be employed in Virginia, during which time his company should be entertained, but his pay as captain would cease (51). He sailed a second time to Virginia as Governor in 1611, but returned in May 1614. The latest Biographical Dictionary states that nothing is His services known of his later career, and Stith is quoted as citing a and death. speech of Captain John Smith, wherein it is affirmed that Gates afterwards went to the East Indies and died there. There is, however, some confusion here, for it was Sir Thomas Dale who went to the East Indies and died there. As for Sir Thomas Gates we have the authority of Sir Dudley Carleton, our Ambassador at the Hague, for

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