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induced, by all the appliances used, to give their sanction, is, we are told, a solemn and sacred treaty, and its stipulations will be fully and rigidly enforced."..

(From the Philadelphia Herald and Sentinel of April 26.) "THE CHEROKEES.-It seems to be settled by the government that the Cherokees must be driven from their homes, and from the land of their fathers; and in this determination the nation appears to acquiesce: not that they approve the warfare waged upon this people, and the gross injustice of their treatment; but because the people themselves have become weary of opposing and complaining of the unjust, impolitic, and outrageous measures of the government, and because they have as much as they can do to protect themselves against the hostility of those to whom they have confided power.

"For many years past the Cherokees have suffered every indignity, every annoyance, every oppression, and all the injustice which malice and power, restrained somewhat by the fear of public opinion and the execration of the whole world, dared to inflict. Their lands have been seized, their cattle driven off, their houses entered, their wives and children insulted and abused, and themselves threatened with violence, if not death, if they dared to resist. A fraudulent treaty was obtained by a reverend politician and office-hunter, from a few individuals no more authorised to speak for the nation than any half-dozen loafers would be to speak for or on behalf of the United States; and though ninety-nine hundredths of the nation protested against this pretended treaty as not their act, or binding upon them, the government has avowed its determination to consider it a valid treaty, and to enforce, by an army, its stipulations!

"Here,' says the Boston Atlas, 'here is a civilized and intelligent tribe of Indians, just beginning to emulate the whites in all those arts and enterprises which elevate humanity-inhabiting a fertile and valuable tract of country, cultivating the soil, possessing neat granaries and comfortable habitations, divesting themselves of their savage habits and propensities, living perfectly at peace with their white neighbours, and in harmony among themselves-here is this remarkable tribe, just as they have begun to realize the comforts and advantages of civilization, to give a value to their lands by tillage, and to experience the humanizing and beneficent influences of Christianity, compelled, by the land-stealers of Georgia, aided by an arbitrary and speculating administration, to quit their farms, and be driven by the mercenary agents of our government, at so much per head, into the western wilderness, into the midst of savage tribes, smarting like them under injustice, and burning for vengeance against the whites!'

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"We have no wish to encourage a spirit of resistance in the Cherokees; we hope, on the contrary, they will submit to their fate quietly: but if they were to resist, and defend their homes, preferring to shed the last drop of their blood upon the graves of their fathers, sooner than be driven like wolves into the wilds of the west, we should look upon them with sympathy and respect, as we now do the Seminoles, a race much inferior, in all that elevates man, save courage and manly independence to the Cherokees. The President has determined on sending a large military force, 7000 men, into the Cherokee country. We only wish he would take command of these in person, and let General Scott, in his absence, take his place in the White House."

"For the Herald and Sentinel—June 26.

"MESSRS. EDITORS-I observe in the morning papers a letter from a Major Hopkins, in Georgia, from which it appears that a few Cherokees, goaded, no doubt, by the outrages and barbarities of the free and enlightened citizens of Georgia, have turned upon their cowardly oppressors, and, to use the elegant language of the Major, have whipped' two companies of militia on their own soil-probably becoming such by being stolen from the Indians.

"The Major then calls them the enemy,' and thus shows the forbearance and good feelings of these oppressed people, in a sentence intended to abuse them.

"If the enemy chose, or had any idea of offensive warfare, they could lay waste the entire country, nor could twenty men be found prepared to meet them. Fortunately ignorance predominates, and instead of a bold, they use a dastardly warfare.'

"Thus it is with the poor abused Indians; if they fail to resent outrages upon them by punishing their enemies when in their power, as we do, they are called cowards; but, when they do resent injuries and insults, our papers teem with accounts of Indian murders and atrocities. The Cherokees have been cultivating the arts of peace under the influence of the advice of Washington and the protection of our government for a period of fifty years, and now show themselves to be better men and better Christians than their civilized persecutors. "Q."

(From the Hamilton (Tennessee) Gazette, Oct. 24.)

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“THE LAST INDIAN.-A few brief days or weeks, and we shall look upon the last Indian, ere he takes up his solemn march to his unknown home. Nearly all the tribe have left, and have reached, or are now on their way to, the land set apart by the government for a precarious resting-place for that subdued tribe. We have no hope that the present

home of the Indian will be permanent, or conducive to their genèral good. Their primeval habits and honesty are measurably destroyed by the sudden hoisting, by the government, of the great flood-gate of emigration into their territorial limits before they were removed; and, humiliating as is the confession, it is nevertheless a fact, that too many who came among them were destitute of every feeling of humanity, and, worse than the vampires of other days, they not only sucked their substance, but poisoned their minds, and strove to destroy every vestige of virtue and morality. There are honourable exceptions to this general charge; and we are proud to record, that many who have settled in the Cherokee territory brought with them the balm of Gilead,' to heal the afflictions of the oppressed, and ever manifested a determination to deal with the red men as being possessed of similar attributes and feelings with ourselves. But it will be acknowledged by every reflecting man that the efforts of the good have been partially destroyed by the preponderating influence of the wicked.

"Could we but stop here, and be consoled with the hope that the Indian had found a refuge from the peculations and damning vices of the wily white man, and that, in the genial clime to which they have migrated under the guidance of the Great Spirit, they would endeavour to reclaim their primeval habits of honesty and virtue, in our heart of hearts we would rejoice. But no such hope exists. Already have the Shylocks, who hovered over this territory while there remained food for them to prey upon, fixed their gluttonous eyes upon the frontiers, and will speedily follow the 'last Indian' to his new home. The same system of villany and treachery will be re-enacted on the plains of Arkansas, until not a vein of blood which flows to the red man's heart shall be unpoisoned, and a remnant of property saved from the general wreck be left to render them comfortable or happy.

"This is not all: another and another wave of emigration by the whites will continue to roll around the Indian frontiers, until its surge shall overleap its bounds, and, with the immutable course of civilization, the red man's ship will again be broken loose from its moorings, and driven beyond the Pacific."

MEMORIAL OF THE CHEROKEE NATION.

"To the Honourable the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, in Congress assembled, most humbly and most respectfully showeth,

"That whereas we, the undersigned, citizens of the Cherokee nation, have always regarded the instrument purporting to be a treaty made in December, 1835, at New Echota, by the Rev. John F. Schermerhorn and certain unauthorized individual Cherokees, to be a violation of the funda

mental principles of justice, and an outrage on the primary rules of national intercourse, as well as the known laws and usages of the Cherokee nation, and therefore to be destitute of any binding force on us:

"And whereas at a general council of the nation, held at Red Clay, in September, 1836, our sentiments were set forth, and our solemn protest entered against it:

"And whereas, at a subsequent general council of the nation, held at Red Clay, in August, 1837, a communication from the President of the United States, on the subject of said instrument, was delivered in full council by Colonel John Mason, special agent of the United States:

"And whereas, after mature deliberation on the said communication, the resolutions of the preceding council, in reference to that compact, were re-affirmed, together with the memorial which accompanied the

same:

"And whereas we entertained the belief that, through the medium of the special agent's report, the President would become correctly informed of the state of the matter, and of the real sentiments of the Cherokee people:

"We, therefore, cherished the confident hope, that he would deem it right to abrogate that fraudulent instrument, and at once enter into arrangements with us for the adjustment of all difficulties.

"With these views we then appointed a delegation to represent us before the government of the United States, and vested them with full powers to make final arrangements of all matters in controversy, and we were animated with the prospect of a speedy termination of our distresses; but the cup of hope is dashed from our lips, our prospects are dark with horror, and our hearts are filled with bitterness. Agonized with these emotions, language fails; our tongues falter as we approach the bar of your august assemblies, before whom we again beg leave humbly to present our grievances.

"With the full details of our troubles we forbear to trespass on your indulgence. They are extensively known, and our delegation, now at Washington, will be found ready to furnish any information which may be needed.

"We therefore respectfully present the following, which will show the appalling circumstances in which we are placed by the operation of that perfidious compact.

"A communication has recently issued from the United States' Agency, addressed to the chiefs, head men, and people of the Cherokee nation, in which we are told that the executive has formally declined' all intercourse or correspondence with Mr. Ross in relation to the treaty, and that an end has been put to all negociation upon the subject'— C that it is the unalterable determination of the President to execute the

treaty'-'the time cannot possibly be prolonged' another day, beyond the time named, cannot, and will not, be allowed you.' The writers say, 'we will not attempt to describe the evils that may fall upon you, if you are still obstinate, and refuse to conform to the requirements of the treaty'' we will not paint the horrors that may ensue in such an event.' "It will be readily conceived that declarations like these, emanating from such a source-our country already filled with troops-cannot fail to fill our minds with consternation and surprise. What have we done to merit such treatment? What is our crime? Have we invaded any one's rights? Have we violated any article of our numerous treaties? Have we, in any manner, acted in bad faith? We are not even charged with any such thing. But we are accused of labouring under a dangerous error,' and of being duped and deluded by those in whom we have placed implicit confidence.' "Your pretended friends,' say they, have proved themselves to be your worst enemies.' But what is our'dangerous error?' What is our 'delusion?' Is it a 'delusion' to be sensible of the wrongs we suffer? Is it a 'dangerous error' to believe that the great nation, whose representatives we now approach, will never knowingly sanction a transaction originated in treachery and to be executed only by violence and oppression? It cannot be. Is it a ' delusion' to assert that the makers of that ill-omened compact were destitute of authority? This fact we are prepared to prove by incontestable evidence. Indeed, it is virtually admitted by the parties themselves; and the very fact, that an armed force should be put in requisition to defend their persons and to compel our submission, argues, not obscurely, a defect of confidence in the validity of the compact. Is it obstinacy to refuse our assent to an act which is a flagrant violation of the first principles of free government, and which sets foot on the neck of our liberties and our dearest rights? Are we to be thus frowned into silence for attempting to utter our complaints in the ear of our lawful and covenanted protector? Is it a crime to confide in our chiefs-the men of our choice-whom we have tried and found faithful? We would humbly ask, in whom should we confide? Surely not in those who have, in the face of our solemu injunctions, and in opposition to the reiterated expression of our sentiments, conspired the ruin of our country, usurped the powers of the nation, framed the spurious compact, and, by artifice and fraud, palmed it on the authorities of the United States, and procured for it the recognition of those high functionaries!

"And now, in the presence of your august assemblies, and in the presence of the Supreme Judge of the universe, most solemnly and most humbly do we ask-are we, for these causes, to be subjected to the undescribable evils which are designed to be inflicted on us? Is our country to be made the scene of the 'horrors' which the commissioners

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