will not paint?' For adhering to the principles on which your great empire is founded, and which have advanced it to its present elevation and glory, are we to be despoiled of all we hold dear on earth? Are we to be hunted through the mountains like wild beasts, and our women, our children, our aged, our sick, to be dragged from their homes like culprits, and packed on board loathsome boats, for transportation to a sickly clime?

'Already are we thronged with armed men: forts, camps, and military posts of every grade, already occupy our whole country. With us, it is a season of alarm and apprehension. We acknowledge the power of the United State. We acknowledge our own feebleness. Our only fortress is the justice of our cause. Our only appeal on earth, is to your tribunal. To you, then, we look. Before your honourable bodies-in view of the appalling circumstances with which we are surrounded-relying on the righteousness of our cause, and the justice and magnanimity of the tribunal to which we appealwe do solemnly. and earnestly protest against that spurious instrument: and we do hereby, also, respectfully re-affirm, as a part of this our memorial, the resolutions and accompanying memorials of the two last General Councils of the Nation, held at Red Clay. Our minds remain unaltered. We never can assent to that compact; nor can we believe that the United States are bound in honour or in justice to execute on us its degrading and ruinous provisions.

It is true, we are a feeble people; and, as regards physical power, we are in the hands of the United States: but we have not forfeited our rights; and if we fail to transmit to our sons the freedom we have derived from our fathers, it must not be by an act of suicide-it must not be by our own consent.

"With trembling solicitude and anxiety, we most humbly and most respectfully ask, will you hear us? Will you extend to us your powerful protection? Will you shield us from the HORRORS' of the threatened storm? Will you sustain the hopes we have rested on the public faith, the honour, the justice of your mighty empire? We commit our cause to your favour and protection:

"And your memorialists, as in duty bound, will ever pray.

"Cherokee Nation, February 22, 1838."

Signed by FIFTEEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE of the Cherokee people, as will appear by referring to the original submitted to the Senate by the Cherokee Delegation."

I shall now close the case of the Cherokee Indians, with the following extract, from 'Nile's Register,' a most excellent publication, which all who are interested in the United States of North America should possess.

THE CHEROKEE NATION.

"The writer of the following very interesting letter is a native of Cherokee, who, it seems, has received a liberal education, and is well known for his talents and worth. It is of the greatest importance to the Indians to have such a man among them, that we may obtain a correct knowledge of their affairs; and we must conclude from the facts set forth by Mr. Brown, that, be the fate of the Creeks what it may, the Cherokees never will part with any more of their land, unless on compulsion; for they have a regularly established government, and as just ideas of the value of property, the necessity of labour, and the usefulness of schools, &c., as perhaps are entertained by any body of their immediate neighbours. We shall, indeed, be glad if even one tribe is saved to prove to posterity that a desire really existed to prevent the extermination of all. For the fact is, that our repeated treaties with them to obtain more land, and drive them further and further back into the forest, decidedly discredits all the acts passed from the time of Washington to the present day, pretending to have regard for the civilization of them, though we have backed that pretence by the expenditure of large sums of money to supply them with instruments of agriculture, established schools, and encouraged industrious habits. Cotton and cattle will become the great staples of the commerce of the Cherokees. They can raise both with peculiar advantage, and as cultivators and herdsmen must become rich.-Nile's Register, October 15, 1825.

To the Editor of the Family Visitor, Richmond.

Willstown, Cherokee Nation, September 2, 1825. DEAR SIR,-In my last letter from Creek Path to you, I stated that there was some possibility of my returning to Arkansas. I touched on the unhappy separation of the Cherokees into divisions-on the improved condition of those on this side of the Mississippi, in a moral, intellectual, and religious point of view, the evil consequences that would follow in the event of their removal to the wild and inhospitable regions of the west, that, unless physical strength should guide the measures of the United States Government, the Cherokee title to this land will remain so long as the sun and moon endures. The slow progress I make in translating the New Testament is in consequence of the nonexistence of a dictionary, or complete grammar, in Cherokee, of the philological researches of one of the nations, whose system of education had met with universal approbation.

Allow me, dear Sir, now to fulfil the promise I made you, that Į would pick up and send what I had omitted. Recently, I have been

travelling a good deal in the nation, in order to regain my impaired My heavenly sovereign permitting, I expect to return to Arkansas in the month of October next. I have made a hasty translation of the four gospels, which will require a close criticism. On my arrival at Dwight, I shall pursue the delightful task; and I hope the day is not far distant, when the Cherokees, my brethren and kindred according to the flesh, shall read the word of eternal life in their own tongue. I will here give you a faint picture of the Cherokee nation and its inhabitants. In the mean time, however, it must be born in mind, that it is the mass and common people that form the character of a nation, and not officers of government, nor the lowest grade of peasantry. The Cherokee nation, you know, is about thirty-five degrees north latitude, bounded on the north and west by the state of Tennessee, on the north by Alabama, and on the east by Georgia and North Carolina. The precise quantity of land over which the Cherokees claim sovereignty is not yet ascertained, but this I can readily say, that they have no more to spare. This country is well watered,-abundant springs of pure water are found in every part. A range of majestic and lofty mountains stretch themselves across the nation. The northern part of the nation is hilly and mountainous. In the southern and western parts there are extensive fertile plains, covered partly with tall trees, through which beautiful streams of water glide. These plains furnish an immense pasturage, and numberless herds of cattle are dispersed over them. Horses are plenty, and are used for several purposes. Numerous flocks of sheep, goats, and swine, cover the valleys and the hills. On Tennessee, Ustanala, and Canasage rivers, Cherokee commerce floats. The climate is delicious and healthy; the winters are mild. The spring clothes the ground with its richest scenery; Cherokee flowers, of exquisite beauty and variegated hues, meet and fascinate the eye in every direction. In the plains and valleys, the soil is generally rich, producing Indian corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, indigo, sweet- and Irish potatoes. The natives carry on considerable trade with the adjoining states; and some of them export cotton in boats, down the Tennessee, to the Mississippi, and down the river to New Orleans. Apple and peach orchards are quite common, and gardens are cultivated and much atttention paid to them.

Butter and cheese are seen on Cherokee tables. There are many public roads in the nation, and houses of entertainment kept by natives. Numerous and flourishing villages are seen in every section of the country. Cotton and woollen cloths are manufactured here. Blankets, of various dimensions, manufactured by Cherokee hands, are very comAlmost every family in the nation grows cotton for its own consumption. Industry and commercial enterprise are extending them

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selves in every part; nearly all the merchants in the nation are native Cherokees. Agricultural pursuits, the most solid foundation of our nation's prosperity, engages the chief attention of the people. Different branches in mechanics are pursued. The population is rapidly increasing. In the year 1819 an estimate was made of all the Cherokees; those on the west were estimated at 5000, and those on the east of the Mississippi at 10,000 souls. The census of this division of the Cherokee has again been taken within the current year, and the returns are thus made:-Native citizens 13,563; white men, married in the nation, 147; white women ditto, 73; African slaves 1277. If this summary of Cherokee population from the census is correct, to say nothing of those of foreign extract, we find that, in six years, the increase has been 3563 souls. If we judge the future by the past, to what number will the Cherokee population swell in 1856? How vain, then, to talk of Cherokee deterioration!

White men in the nation enjoy all the immunities and privileges of the Cherokee people, except that they are not eligible to the public offices. In the above computation of the present year, you perceive that there are some African slaves among us. They have been, from time to time, bought and sold by white men; they are, however, in general, well treated, and they much prefer living in the nation to a residence in the United States. There is hardly any intermixture of Cherokee and African blood. The presumption is, that the Cherokees, will, at no distant day, co-operate with the humane efforts of those who are liberating and sending this proscribed race to the land of their fathers. National pride, patriotism, and a spirit of independence, mark the Cherokee character.

The Christian religion is the religion of the nation. Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, and Moravians are the most numerous sects. Some of the most influential characters are members of the church, and live consistently with their profession. The whole nation is penetrated with gratitude for the aid it has received from the United States Government, and from different religious societies. Schools are increasing every year; learning is encouraged and rewarded. The young class acquire the English, and those of mature age the Cherokee, system of learning. The female character is elevated and duly respected. Indolence is discountenanced. Our native language, in its philosophy, genius, and euphony, is inferior to few, if any, in the world. Our relations with all nations, savage or civilized, are of the most friendly character. We are out of debt, and our public revenue is in a flourishing condition. Besides the amount arising from imports, a perpetual annuity is due from the United States in consideration of land ceded in former periods. Our system of government, founded on republican principles, by which

justice is equally distributed, secures the respect of the people. New Town, pleasantly situated in the centre of the nation, and at the junction of the Canasage, and Gusuivate, two beautiful streams, is the seat of government. The legislative power is what is denominated in native dialect Tsalagi Tinitawagi, consisting of a national committee and council. Members of both branches are chosen by and from the people, for a limited period. In New Town a printing-press is soon to be established, also a national library and museum. Immense concourses of people frequent the seat of government when the Tsalagi Tinitawagi is in session, which takes place once a-year

Yours truly,

D. BROWN.

The following are extracts from various authorities showing the treatment of the Creek Indians by the Georgians :

"INDIAN TALK.

"From the President of the United States to the Creek Indians, through Colonel Crowell.

"FRIENDS AND BROTHERS,-By permission of the Great Spirit above, and the voice of the people, I have been made President of the United States, and now speak to you as your father and friend, and request you to listen. Your warriors have known me long. You know I love my white and red children, and always speak with a straight and not with a forked tongue; that I have always told you the truth. I now speak to you, as to my children, in the language of truth-Listen.

"Your bad men have made my heart sicken, and bleed, by the murder of one of my white children in Georgia. Our peaceful mother earth has been stained by the blood of the white man, and calls for the punishment of his murderers, whose surrender is now demanded under the solemn obligation of the treaty which your chiefs and warriors in council have agreed to. To prevent the spilling of more blood, you must surrender the murderers, and restore the property they have taken. To preserve peace, you must comply with your own treaty.

"Friends and Brothers, listen. Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to each other to live in harmony and peace. Your game is destroyed, and many of your people will not work and till the earth. Beyond the great river Mississippi, where a part of your nation has gone, your father has provided a country large enough for all of you, and he advises you to remove to it. There your white brothers will not trouble you; they will have no claim to the land, and you can live upon it, you and all your children, as long as the grass grows or the water runs, in peace and plenty. It will be yours for ever. For

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