chanics' National Bank of Newark, N. J., stops payment in consequence of a large defalcation by the cashier.....Dr. I. В. Bouilland, who was long in the front rank of French physicians, died at Paris, in his 85th year.....November 1-Mr. and Mrs. Nehemiah Perry died at Newark, N. J., the wife five hours after her husband.. 2Benjamin Franklin Bache, a great grandson of Benjamin Franklin, and medical director of the United States Navy, died at Brooklyn, in his 81st year....Signor Giovanni Ruffini, an eminent Italian author, died at Rome, Italy, in his 74th year....3 -Mme. Patti arrived in New York....8Samuel T. Skidmore, one of the oldest vestrymen of Trinity parish, New York, died in this city, in his 81st year....9 Two buildings fall in Grand street, New York; several persons killed..... Lord Mayor's ident of the New York Elevated Railway | citizens of Washington, D. C., died in his Company, died at Irvington-on-Hudson, 80th year....29-John S. Giles, long conaged 54....4-Guiteau indicted by Grand nected with the Fire Department of this Jury at Washington..... Fletcher Urling city, died here, aged 82....31-The_MeHarper, of the firm of Harper Bros., died in his 34th year....5-Republican Convention of this State meets at the Academy of Music, New York....Sir John Karslake, a famous English lawyer, died in England, in his 60th year.... Rev. Dr. Stewart Robinson, for many years the acknowledged leader of the Presbyterian Church in the South and Southwest, died at Louisville, Ky....6-John G. Floyd, grandson of Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, died at Mastic, L. I., in his 76th year.... Orson Pratt, the oldest apostle of the Mormon creed, died at Salt Lake City, aged 70... 8-James B. Brace, a practical philanthropist of this city, died Rev. Joseph G. Atwell, rector of St. Phillip's Church in this city, and the first colored man ordained as a deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Kentucky, died in this city, in his 50th year.....11-day in London. the American flag carried Foxhall won Cesarewitch Stakes.. Baron Haymerle, the Austro-Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs, died at Vienna of heart diseasc, aged 53. ... Dr. Robert S. Newton, President of the Eclectic Medical College, and father of the actresses Kate and Meta Bartlett, died in this city...... Florence Chaplin, elder daughter of the Duke of Sutherland, died... F. P. Scholes, for a quarter of a century President of the Broad-land, in his 77th year...16-James L. way Savings Bank, died at the age of 81 Ridgley, for many years a prominent Odd Richard M. Staigg, formerly of high Fellow, died at Baltimore, Md., in his 75th reputation as a miniature painter, died at year....18-George Law died in this city, Newport, in his 61st year......12-Dr. J. in his 77th year....20 Alex. Randall, one G. Holland, one of the founders of Scrib- of the most respected citizens of Annaponer's Monthly, died in this city, in his 63d lis, Md., died there, in his 78th year....21 year....13-Parnell, the Irish agitator, ar---Dr 1 obert S. Mackenzie died at Philarested.....14-Guiteau arraigned....Capt. McCrea, of the United States navy, died suddenly, at Yorktown....16-Louis A. Wiltz, the Governor of Louisiana, died at New Orleans, in his 38th year.. John McComb, the oldest policeman in England, died at Liverpool, in the 90th year of his age...17-The Centennial celebration begins at Yorktown. . Signor Raffaelle Monti, one of the most eminent of modern Italian sculptors, died in England, at the age of 63....20-Henry Feerster, the Prince Bishop of Breslau, died at the age of 81.... 21-Judge Sanford, of the Superior Court of this State, died in his 55th year.... Prof. J. G. Bruntschli, an acknowledged authority on International law, died at Carlsruhe in procession.....10--Premier Ferry and his colleagues resign, and President Grevy accepts their resignation....13-Mrs. Edwin Booth died in this city....14-Trial of Guiteau begins..... Gambetta forms his cabinet....P. A., I. Paulinier, Archbishop of Besancon, France, died 15-Rev. Dr. Henry P. Tappan, the real founder of the University of Michigan, died in Switzer delphia, in his 73d year.....23-Rudolf Bial, a well-known conductor and composer, died in this city, in his 48th year John Anderson, a tobacconist of this city, died in Paris, in his 70th year.... 26-Isaac Bunnell, one of the oldest men in New Jersey, died in Sussex county in that State, in his 93d year....29-Arthur Lefroy, the murderer of Mr. Gold, hanged Thomas R. Gould, an American sculptor, died at Florence, Italy, at the age of 63 . December 1-Cardinal Borromeo died at Rome, Italy, in his 60th year.. 4Gen. Kilpatrick, United States Minister to Chili, died at Valparaiso, in his 54th year 5-First issue of the Mail and Express .6-Congress meets, and Mr. Kiefer .24-E. D. Morgan nominated and con- chosen Speaker of the House... 7-Presifirmed as Secretary of the Treasury....25 dent Arthur sends his first message to Con-Foxhall wins the Cambridgeshire Ståkes gress....8--The ling Theatre at Vienna at Newmarket....27-Chas. J Folger nom- destroyed by fire, and more than 800 perinated for Secretary of the Treasury, E. D sons in it burned to death....9-Col. John Morgan having declined....Dr. John B. W. Forney, the veteran journalist, died at Beale, one of the oldest and most respected | Philadelphia, in his 65th year...... Col. Henry G. Stebbins died in this city, in his 20-Judge_Horace Gray, of Boston, con70th year.. 12--Frederick T. Frelinghuy- firmed as Justice of the Supreme Court of sen nominated and confirmed as Secretary the United States.... News received of the of State....Daniel P. Ingraham, for thirty- destruction of the Jeannette and the safety five years a Judge in this city, died in his of a portion of her crew. 21-Frederick 81st year... ....17-Ex-Judge Henry E. Da- A. Palmer, Auditor of Newark, N. J., convies dead. .19-Mr. Brewster confirmed fesses to having embezzled $125,000....24 as Attorney-General of the United States-Dr. Leonard Bacon died in his 78th year ...Siro Delmonico died....By a colliery ...27--Nineteen lives lost by the explosion explosion in England 150 lives are lost.... of a steamer on the York River, Va. 182 COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN.\\ THE United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and its dependencies and Colonies, has always been our largest customer for our productions, and was for many years our largest creditor also, sending us her manufactured goods and receiving in return our raw materials in such quantities as she required for home or foreign consumption, and thus having almost always a balance of trade against us, which we were obliged to pay in coin. Of late years, the balance has been the other way, and a large portion of our bonded debt, held by foreigners, has been paid from this surplus. It will be interesting and instructive to review this commerce for the 89 years of which we have record of it. In 1790, we imported from Great Britain, merchandise of the value of $13,563,044, and exported to her and her dependencies, merchandise valued at $6,888,478, our exports thus being almost exactly one-half of our imports. Our total imports in 1790, were $23,000,000, and our total exports $20,205,156. Our total imports in 1878, were $466,872,846, and our total exports $722,811,815. In 1878, our imports of merchandise from the British Empire, were $157,244,953, and our exports of merchandise to the countries comprising that Empire, were $452,032,886. The imports and exports of specie and bullion, which were about equal, are excluded in both cases. In other words, our imports are about 12 times as large as they were in 1790, and our exports 65 times as large. It will be interesting to notice some of the items which made up our early exports to Great Britain, and to compare them with the exports at the present time. In this way we can ascertain, in part, what have been our principal productions, for, as a general rule, a nation exports only those things of which it has a surplus, after supplying its own wants. In rare instances, it has not facilities for working up its raw material to advantage, and exports it, receiving back that material in a manufactured form. This was the case with our cotton, to some extent, for many years, and also with our ores of copper, zinc, &c., and the demand was so great abroad for some of our fruits, that the entire crop was exported. The following table gives our principal articles of export to Great Britain, in 1790. Some of these were goods imported and re-exported by us: EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE FISCAL YEAR The indigo, dye, and cabinet woods and wines were of foreign production, as was also, without doubt, the bar-iron and a large quantity of pig-iron. It will be observed that the great Southern staple, tobacco, soon to yield the supremacy to cotton, was of the value of $2,750,000, or 40 per cent. of the whole export. We should notice, also, that cotton, before the invention of the cotton gins, was but a very small item, its value being only $47,428, nearly $34 per bale, though the bales at this time weighed only 150 pounds. The exports of cereals, wheat, corn, flour and meal, were about $1,092,000, a small amount as compared with our present export, but almost one-sixth of the whole export to Great Britain at that time. The amount of provisions exported is very trifling, in marked contrast with our present immense export. There was no marked increase in the export of cotton until 1796, when 5,628,176 pounds were sent to Great Britain, valued at about $1,407,000. Seven years later, the export to that country was 27,760,574 pounds, worth $6,107,326, or almost as much as the entire exports to that country 13 years before. The same year (1803), 50,274 hogsheads of tobacco, worth $4,524,660, were exported to England. These two items making more than five-eighths of the whole export. From this time till 1860, there was a steady increase in each decade, of the cotton export. In 1860, though the price of cotton had fallen to 10 or 12 cents a pound, the export of it to Great Britain and its dependencies, amounted to $134,929,000, while the total exports to that country, amounted to $168, 960,000, only $34,000,000 being for all other articles. In 1866, the price of cotton being high, our cotton exports to the British Empire amounted to $218,772,000, against $287,516,000 of our total exports to that Empire. During the 14 years since 1866, our exports of cotton to the British Empire, have aggregated $1,445,064,000, an annual average of $120,442,000, against $3,445,037,000 of exports of all kinds of merchandise to that Empire, or an annual average of $287,089,083; cotton being nearly 42 per cent. of the average exports. The following table gives the aggregate by decades, of imports and exports, and of exports of cotton to the British Empire, for 60 years Periods. 1821 30... 1831 40. Imports. Exports. Exports. of Cotton. $185,397,000 $290,831,000 475,194,000 378,185,000 1841 50. 464,358,000 570,651,000 378,576,000 Our trade with the United Kingdom during the last 60 years aggregates, in round numbers, $5,561,000,000 in imports, and $7,702,000,000 in exports, an excess of exports over imports of $2,141,000,000, which has been used in paying balances to creditor nations. It was not, however, till 1847, that our exports to the United Kingdom, began, as rrule, to exceed our imports. Since that date there has been but six years out of |