in their wanderings by Europeans. Most of these were established at Bombay; where I met with a dozen or more. A Chinese was residing at Zanzibar; and I remarked that he had adopted the Arab costume, but I did not learn his history.

son,

Many years since a Chinese came to Mocha, turned Muslim, and married an Arab woman." His "Ali Cheena," retained strong marks of his paternal origin, and seemed hardly at home amid the surrounding population. He was observed to be fond of frequenting the bazaar; but was annoyed by the Arabs sometimes suggesting that "he had better return to his father's country and put on a hat." He served us during our stay in the capacity of cook, and he was the third native of the place, who could speak some words of English; the only European language known at Mocha. During the few days spent at Muscat, I did not fall in with any Chinese.

I have already referred to the superior powers of endurance of the aboriginal American; while in perseverance, patient industry and frugality, the Chinese will, I think, be admitted to excel other nations. These are qualifications that promise to have an important bearing on the future prospects of the Mongolian race.

In regard to ANTIQUITIES, there are probably few nations so rich in monumental history as the Chinese: especially in their paintings, preserved for many centuries by such an indestructible material as porcelain.

OTHER MONGOLIANS.

Travellers have spoken of a resemblance between some of the Interior people of BORNEO and the Chinese. I have not sufficient materials for a decisive opinion; though all oral testimony has been unfavourable to the presence of Mongolian aboriginals on that island. I have not however met with persons who have seen the "Idan" of the northern mountains; tribes, that under this point of view may deserve further inquiry. The same class of people, sometimes bearing the name of "Igorote," are known to occur loth on Palawan and Luzon.

I have followed Blumenbach in referring the LAPLANDERS to the Mongolian race. Dr. R. E. Griffith has seen some

of these people, and he considers them as "differing physically from their neighbours on the south, and as approaching, so far as an opinion may be formed from · descriptions, the Esquimaux." They appear to be connected with the Siberian Mongols, through the Samoiedes.

CHAPTER IV.

THE MALAY RACE.

If the Mongolian occupies a larger portion of the surface of the globe, the Malay is yet the most widely scattered race, and, in some respects, it is also the most remarkable. In institutions and social condition it exhibits, perhaps, greater variety than all the other races combined; and, from a universal, instinctive attachment to the water, it almost merits the appellation of "amphibious." Endowed, too, with a wandering disposition, less regardful of a home than the rest of mankind, its march has been truly " upon the waves;" and, beyond the Atlantic, it has reached almost every islet in the ocean that affords the least means of subsistence.

The Malay complexion is very uniform, and is always decidedly darker than the Mongolian. I have never seen it light enough to show the least trace of a flush, nor, on the other hand, so dark but that the marks of tattooing were conspicuously visible. The colour may be termed reddishbrown, more nearly than in the Mongolian race, approaching the hue of tarnished copper.

The hair seems in greater quantity than in the other races, the Papuan, perhaps, excepted; and it is straight, or at most wavy, and usually raven-black. When cropped within about two inches, I have observed that it will generally stand erect, owing, apparently, to a coarser texture than in the Telingan and White races. The beard grows long, but is almost always thin, though some variety prevails in different countries. The East Indian tribes are nearly beardless; while among the Polynesians a beard is not unusual, though it does not seem to get strong till late in life. I have occasionally seen Polynesians, in whom the

beard was nearly thick enough to conceal the skin. The practice, however, of eradicating it prevails very generally in the countries inhabited by the Malay race.

In style of feature there is often no striking dissimilarity from Europeans, especially in middle-aged and elderly men, many of whom have the nose aquiline; while in females and young men it is almost always flattened. Nevertheless, I think it will be found that there is less prominence of profile in the Malay than in This appears other race. any to be owing, in part, to the absence of rigidity in the cartilage of the nose, as with the Negro. The lips are likewise thicker than among Europeans.

The profile has appeared to me usually more vertical than in the white race; but this may be owing in part to the mode of carriage, for the skull does not show a superior facial angle. A more marked peculiarity, and one very generally observable, is the elevated occiput, and its slight projection beyond the line of the neck. The face, in consequence, when seen in front, appears broader than among Europeans, as is the case with the Mongolian, though for a different reason. In the Mongolian the front is depressed, or the cranium inclines backwards, while in the Malay it is elevated or brought forwards. The Mongolian traits are heightened artificially by the Chinooks; but it is less generally known that a slight pressure is often applied to the occiput by the Polynesians, in conformity with the Malay standard.

A peculiarity in the Malay skull has been pointed out to me by Dr. Morton, in the tendency to unusual prolongation and projection of the upper maxilla. This character, though not universal, is strikingly exemplified in several East Indian skulls; and I have found traces of the same in the Hawaiian skulls obtained by the Expedition. It accords with the remark of Mr. Hale, “that the upper lip is very often, among Polynesians, slightly turned up.

For characteristic representations of the Malay race, I would refer to the following portraits, taken during our Voyage, a part of which only have been published: among Taheitians, to those of Otore, Paofai, and the "girl" among Samoans, to those of Malietoa, Mary Olo, Emma Malietoa, Matetau, and "children;" among New Zealanders, to those