State, in which the Governor has subscribed for stock on behalf of the State. Which amendment was accepted.

On motion of Mr. Smith, the bill and amendments were ordered to the table.

A Bill from the Hense of Representatives to locate additional branches of the Flanters Bank of the State of Tennessee, was read a first time and passed.

A Bill making an appropriation of money to Richard G. Scoggins, was read a third time and po sed-ay es 18, nous 5.

The ayes and noes being demanded the affignative voters were Messrs. Anderson, Ashe, Brown, Frey, Gillespy, Jones of Hickman, Jones of Lincoln, Laughlin, Love, Marshall, Renean, Smith, Terry, Turney, Walton, Warner, Yoakum and Speaker Coe-18.

These who voted in the negative were

Messrs. Aiken, Balch, Jennings, Sevier and Wheeler-5.

And so said bill passed its third reading, was ordered to be engrossed and transmitted to the House of Representatives.

A Bill to preserve the purity of elections being taken up and read, Mr. Wheeler chered the following as an amendment thereto, to wit: Provided nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to prevent any man from voting who is constitutionally cligible.

And the sense of the Senate being thereon bad, the seid amendment was rejected.

Mr. Jones of Hickman moved to and the 8th section of said bill by striking therefrom the word, “are you twenty-one years of age, do you reside in the county of and have you resided in said county six months next preceding or next before thirday or the day of this election," and insert to lowlag

"Do you believe yoursel. to be 'weaty-one years of age, has your home or place of residence Leo la discounty for the last six months.” And the sense of the So ate being thereon had, the said proposition was rejected.

Mr. Yoakum thereupon offered the following additional section as an amendinent to said bill, to wit:

Be it enected. That no return of any returning officer shall be rejected for want of form by the therif or other oflicer, whose duty it may be to compare the polls--but the rame shall be received and counted as though it had been in the proper form. During the pendency of which,

The Senate adjourned,

FRIDAY. MORNING, Dec. 13, 1939.

Mr. Anderson presented the petition of 200 citizens, qualified voters, of Wilson county, praying a modification of so much of the tippling act of 1837, as prevents the retail of ardent spirits manufactured in this State. Which was ordered, on motion of Mr. Anderson, to be transmitted to the House of Representatives.

Mr. Jones of Lincoln presented the following Fifth Report of Doctor Gerard Troost, Geologist, Mineralogist and Assayer of the State,

to wit:

To the General Assembly of the Staic of Tennessee:

In obedience to the third section of the act passed by the last General Assembly to continuo me in the office of Geologi, Mineralogist and Assayer for the State of Ten. I have the honor to report that since my last communication to the Legislature, I have traversed the State in various directions and have analyzed a large number of minerals, mineral waters, solls and other materials, which thongh not belonging properly to the department of the Geologist, were decred necessary to be known as constituting cources of our national wealth, the results of all which, I now beg leave to lay before your honorable body.

Before I proceed, however, with those details, it will perhaps not be improper, to give a general view of the geology of the whole State; this has been as yet omitted in my former reports, because I led not when they were drawn'up ascertained the precise limits of the different geological groups of rocks of which the State of Tenn. is composed.

The country westwardly of the Appalachian mountains--a ramification of which separates our State from North Carolina, while several spurs of it cross the State, and are brown by the name of the Cumberland mountains (1)—is separated from the crystalline primordial rocks by the highest part of this mountain chain; the junction of these two formations is not exactly marked by the State live. In Carter county the primordial rocks are found ten or twelve miles west of the line; the whole of Roave mountain is compared of granit reeks. The primordial mountains then di; ihmish, and abont the head waters of Indian crock are no more to be seen in that part of Tennessee. The State line then runs over the gruwecke forcatica or group, till near Wolf ercek in Cocke County, where the primordial rocks again enter Tennessee. The high rigs of the great Smoky mountain is granitic till about the entrance of Tennessee river into Monroe county, where the grauwecke group again makes its appearance, continuing along the Unala mountains to M Mian commiy. Here age in the primordial rocks enter the State, and continue on to Amnee river, where they are replaced again by the gruwecke group. Thus we see that our State line is not exactly the dividing fine Letween the crystalline, er primordial rocks as they are generally called, and those that contein organic remains. These latter rocks cxtend to the western side of the Mississippi river where the crystalline rocks again make their appearance in

(1) The Cumberland mountain is a subordinate range of the great, Appalachian mountains, running early parallel with the high ridge of that system, which separates the State of Tennessee from North Carolina, and is composed in Tennessee of Walden's ridge, Clinch mountain, Stone mountain, Cumberland mountains, Crab Orchard mountain and several minor rainifications, which partly terminate in this State, and partly in North Carolina, and belong all to the same geognostic system.

Missouri State. Our researches have also extended in a southern direction from Nashville; on this route we have found, as appears from my former reports, these rocks to be covered by more recent strata, similar to the cretaceous group or green sand of the Europeans.— These towards the South. in the State of Mississippi, are covered with a still more recent formation, in which, the fossils characterising the supercretaceous or tertiary formation are found. Towards the east of the high ridge of the Appalachian chain, the primordial rocks generally prevail. This high ridge which separates these formations and which contains in its limits the highest mountains of the United States, is sometimes composed of granite and gneiss, as Roane mountain; sometimes of a granite, which contains tale and chlorite or protogene; sometimes of a talecse rock containing act nolite. It contains also some veins of magnetic oxide of iron, as the Cranberry ore in Carter county, which is associated with Pyrorene Sallie, as in some of the Swedish iron orc-or is not associated with any other mineral, as in Cocke county.

If we draw a line from a certain point of this range, for instance, from one of its elevated parts which is near the Warm Springs, (where French Broad river has cut its way through the mountains in a westerly direction) running along by Sevierville, Knoxville, Kingston, Crab Orchard, Sparta and Nashville-from this city along by Charlotte, Brown's Port, Lexington, Brownsville, Covington and Randolphand returning again to Nashville, draw a line thence in a northwest direction, along by Clarksville, Eddyville, Ky., thence, across the Ohio and Mississippi rivers as far as St. Michael or Frederickstown in Missouri, where the St. Francis takes its origin, and where the crystalline rocks again make their appearance, we shall pass over successive formations in the following order:

The country lying between the Great Smoky mountains and the Cumberland mountains, or East Tennessee, ir for the most part composed of strata of grauwacke, sandstone and 'imstone, alternating with each other, and in which organic remains are rarely found (1;) these strata are highly inclined, approaching in son.e places towards the vertical, dipping more or less towards southeast and running nearly parallel with the Smoky mountain ridge; they are covered in several places by horizontal strata of limestone of a dark gray, approaching to a black color, and having a granular structure. It is in some places characterized by iacurdes, Le Sueur, Conotubularia, Nobis, Isotellus, Dekay, and several species of Culamepora, Goldf.

The grauwacke, (2) and its cocval,strata mentioned above, are cov

(1) Such is the case at least with the lower strata, namely, those which are situated nearest the primordial rocks, which, as mentioned above, are found on the higher parts of the ridge which separates North Carolina from Tennessee. The superior strata of this limestone, which are found northwest of the Holston river are full of organic remains, amongst which the Maclurites are the most numerous.

(2) Grauwacke. This singular name, adopted by the German and

ered towards the Cumberland mountains by horizontal strata of limostone, which has often an oolitic structure, and which we will call oolitic limestone, to distinguish it from what the English Geologists call oolite or oolitic formation, which is a series of rocks of which the oolite is one of the members, forming a more recent group than the one to which our oolitic limestone belongs, and which is characterized by its peculiar organic remains. (1) This oolitic limestone forms the basis of the Cum

English Geologists, originated amongst the German miners. Its etymology is unknown, and it has remained in use, with some other insig nificant denominations, to obviate confusion in the already perplexed nomenclature of rocks and forinations. It included, in its most extensive acceptation, all the conglomerates, sandstones, puddingstones and fragmentary rocks of the transition formation, that is, of rocks anterior to the formation of the red sandstone and coal measures, (Humboldt.) It is the Psammite and Mymephyre (in part) of Brongniart, and Traumate of D'Aubuisson. It is composed of angular or rounded grains, fragments and pebbles of unequal size, from very minute to the size of half a cubic foot and more, of quartz, slate, siliceous slate, mica slate, porphyry, granite and limestone, firmly connected together by a slaty cement more or less penetrated by silex. Several varieties of this rock compose the greatest part of the mountainous part of East Tennessee sometime forming a real sandstone, sometimes the slaty part predominating, when it forms the slaty grauwacke, and presents then several shades of color, reddish, gray and greenish. This grauwacke is in some places replaced by the clay slate, which furnishes some good roofing slate, as in Sevier county. The grauwacke alternates here and there with strata of silex or quartz rock, and limestone. This grauwacke, in several countries, is rich in minerals; the rich silver and lead mines of the Hartz, those of Leadhills and of Wanlockhead, the mines of Vorespotack in Transylvania, of Brittany in France, and of Guanaxuato and Zacatecas in Mexico are all in the same rock.

In Europe, according to Goldfuss, the grauwacke, and the grauwacke limestone contain numerous organic remains, this is not the case in East Tennessee. I never discovered any in the grauwacke, nor in the limestone which alternates with it, and which is there always highly inclined, approaching to the vertical; but in proportion as we deviate from the primordial rocks the strata of grauwacke become less numerous and those of the limestone increase, become less inclined, and soon approach to the horizontal position; it is then that the organic remains begin to make their appearance, and sometimes compose the whole of the limestone rock, and form the beautiful marbles which are wrought in that part of Tennessee.

(1) The oolite or oolitic formation I have not found in the western parts of the United States, though the oolitic limestone is found in several places. I found it forming a stratum extending perhaps forty miles from west to east on the western slope of the Cumberland mountain of more than two hundred feet in thickness. I have traced it from Monte Sano in North Alabama, which must be considered as the most

berland mountains and is abundant towards the west of them. This colitic limestone is also perceptible in the valleys where the lower strata of that mountain chain come to light, as in the Sequatchee Valley, where I discovered the same inclined strata of East Tennessee covered by the oolitic linestone. This inestone lies under the strata of coal, shale and sandstone, the two latter being characterized by the vegetable remains peculiar to the coal formation, and composing nearly the whole of the upper part of the Cumberland mountains.

At the Crab C. chard the codic line tone again comes to light from under the sandstone of the coal formation, and continues only a short distance westwerd. Between Sparta and the Crab Orchard it is covered by a stretun of sandstone, the same as is found on the eastern slope of the moriatain where it covers the coal strata.

Near Sparta we descend from the colitic limestone and come to a kind of limestene which forms the low levels of the whole of Middle Tennessee. This Einestone, according to my observations, made in the Sequatchee Valley, les immediately upon the inclined strata of E. Tennessee; and when this limestone is wanting, they are covered with the colitic limestone, as already mentioned. This series, which is composed of various strata, characterized by different organic remains, is usually of a gray color, approaching here and there to black, has a granular structure, and contains Calempora, Orthoceratites, Conotubularia, Strophomencs, Productus, Isotellus, and other Trilobites, and such fossils as are considered as characterizing the upper transition, or moun tain limestone of the English geologists. This limestone continues for

southern extremity of the Cumberland mountains on this side the Ten-. nessee river. I have also traced it to Georgia, forming the basis of the Rackoon and Lookout mountains, continuations of Walden's ridge, every where characterized by Fentremites, and a singular, and as yet, undetermined fossil. Running from Monte Sano in a northeast direction, it passes through the whole State of Tennessee, and is invariably found beneath the coal strata. The pentremites, a fossil which is very rare in Europe, characterize this rock every where in this country, but in particular places other fossils, are found in it. I find it, for instance, west of Monroe county, as far as Obed's river, characterized by Styling. This fos. il characterizes that rock, also at Mount Fletcher in North Alabama. Near Eddyville, Ky., it is characterized by Stylina, Syringopora, Bellerophon hiulcus and Encrenites. In Mis-. souri, towards the south of Maramec river, the same rock is found, and is there also characterized by several species of Styling and Syringopora. These fossils, viz: Stylina, Syringopora and Bellerophon, are always silicious, the Pentremites sometimes silicious, sometimes calcareous, while the above mentioned undetermined Mount Sano fossil is calcareous. All these fossils are by the European Geologists considered as characterizing the transition or grauwacke group. The same oolitic limestone is found in some places near the Ohio river as in Gallatin county, Illinois, but I do not know whether it there contains any or ganic remains.