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No. 894. MONDAY, MARCH 21, 1825.

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The life then

service, nor over her doctrine, would the proposed death have dominion,
over what part then?-What part? What but that which, from first to
last, has by all doctors been considered as her vital part, even that part of
her which is of gold. Of gold, according to the most authentic accounts,
was one of the thighs of the philosopher Pythagoras: of the same pre-
cions matter is the heart of Excellent Church. In the Royal Navy,
"Hearts of oak are our ships, hearts of oak are our men."
according to one of the most popular of our Tyrteus's not less incon-
testably of gold is the heart of Excellent Church.
of this excellent person being in her gold, taking away her gold, you take
here then is Thanasia. But that death is a most easy one: an easier one
away her life her life you divest her of, and instead of it put on death :
was never imagined in Sybaris. Here then is Euthanasia. No spasm :
no convulsion: a death which no man will feel a death for which all
men will be the better, and scarce a man the worse.-Yes: this will
indeed be, if any one there ever was (in the gravest and most important
sense) a death unto sin: yea, and at the same time instead a new life unto
righteousness.
The great mischief of which the system is the
perennial source, the mischief done by it to morality and good govern-
which has been exercised by the above-mentioned confederacy of vices:
ment, would be cleared away: to morality, by the perpetual dominion
to good government, by the support which, through the medium of
corrupt and corruptive influence, has been given to despotism.”.
Church or Dissenters, have long been decided against the mischiev-
The opinions of enlightened Englishmen, whether followers of the
ousness and scandal of the Establishment; and those opinions are
rapidly spreading among all classes. This cheap reprint will powerfully
assist their extension.

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TAXES ON TEA AND BREAD.

CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT. "Mother Church relieved by Bleeding, &c.” Tuis pamphlet of 32 pages consists of two chapters from BENTHAM'S large volume, entitled "Church of Englandism and its Catechism Examined." The first is a Summary of the vices of Excellent Church, in regard to doctrine, pay, service, and discipline. It is not however a mere string of dogmas: the proofs of each assertion are stated in so condensed and masterly a manner, that they have at once the force of arguments, and the advantage of presenting to the mind a complete and comprehensive picture. Never was the illustrious author's demonstrative power more happily exerted than in this chapter; never was there a more striking exposé of a mass of corruption and abuses. The insincerity, the "prostration of will and understanding," required by the doctrines of the Church,the evasion, fraud, and falsehood, sanctioned by its service and discipline, the oppressive nature and unchristian excess of its pay,-are exhibited in an unanswerable shape. The second chapter contains the plan of a Church Reform, founded on two principles which all rational Protestants must applaud. 1. To make the religious service of the Church more effective, and thus" to promote the joint interests of piety, morality, and economy." 2. To take scrupulous care of all fixed interests, either in possession or in expectancy. It is not our intention to go into the proposed details, for which the little pamphlet may be consulted. The leading feature of the plan is, the total abolition of all ecclesiastical dignities and sinecures, as soon as the present incumbents die off, and The professed object of Mr. ROBINSON, in his late financial meathe performance of the regular clerical duties by qualified clerks at sures, was to lighten the imposts which press heavily on commerce, moderate stipends, leaving those who want more gifted or lordly func-particularly in those cases where the duty is so excessive as to oppress tionaries to support them by voluntary contributions, in the same the consumer, and encourage smuggling, while it does not benefit, manner as the dissenting clergy are now provided for. The defalcated and even in many cases injures, the revenue itself. Admitting the property and revenues, after paying the reformed establishment, to go propriety of this principle, it will hardly be denied, that another and to the coffers of the state, and be applied to the relief of the people from a main consideration should be, to apply what relief can be afforded taxes. Let it not be said, that an ecclesiastical Establishment cannot to those taxes which most severely militate against the comforts of the subsist without dignitaries and riches. The Church of Scotland is industrious classes. How comes it then, that the Minister has done tablished to all useful purposes-and somewhat more firmly, we nothing to mitigate the enormous duty on tea? The question, whether agine, than her pampered and bloated sister. His most gracious tea is abstractedly a wholesome thing, and a good thing to encourage Majesty George the Fourth is the legal Head of the Church of the consumption of, is not to the present purpose. Of stimulants, it Scotland, as he is of the Church of Hanover or of Canada: there is is comparatively an innoxious one; and as society in this country is therefore nothing seditious, or visionary, or Jacobinical, or levelling, in not yet in a condition from which we can hope the general adoption the respectable and well-ordered Scottish Establishment. of the simplest food that Nature requires, no legislator would be justiNevertheless, no man can propose such a thing as a Church Reform, fied in attempting to diminish by taxation the use of tea, under preeven though his plan has for its object to make the Church more contence of a regard for the health of the people. At all events, the sistent with its Founder's precepts, more virtuous, more respected, Minister who has lowered the wine and spirit duties, will have nothing more powerful for religious ends,-no man, we say, can propose such to say on that score; therefore we are at a loss to conceive how he can a Reform without raising a hornet's nest about his ears, and being justify himself in leaving the duty on tea at its present extravagant assailed with a string of foul names. Admirably has the venerable amount. The greater part of the impost is levied on the teas drank Author met the spiteful yell of frightened corruption :by the middle and lower classes: it forms a costly item in the domes"Spoliation of the Church!-Plunder of the Church-Subversion tic expenditure of the respectable housekeeper, a cruel deduction from the daily pittance of the poor labourer. Of the price of a pound of tea, three-fourths are tax. What is purchased at 8s. a pound in England, may be bought in Hamburgh or in New York for 2s. It would be less mortifying if the immense sum levied by this duty were applied to the national expenditure; but a large portion of it goes to the East India Company, whose monopoly, without this, is injurious enough to the public. The wholesale prices of the teas sold at the Company's sales are doubled by the purposed limitation of the supply, in the teeth of Acts of Par.iaments to compel abundant sales. The Government duty, being nearly 100 per cent, ad lorem, again doubles the price to the tea-dealer, who, adding a profit proportioned to his outlay, brings it up to the preposterous rate at which the consumer purchases. A considerable smuggling from the Continent is the consequence, the mischiefs of which, as well to the revenue as to morality, Mr. ROBINSON can describe so eloquently. Now, if the Minister cannot spare any portion of the produce of the tea-tax, he might at least enforce the law against the India Company, and by that means reduce the first sale price one-half. Supposing the same nominal duty (100 per cent.) to be then levied on that reduced price, it can scarcely be doubted that by the increased consumption, and the diminution of smuggling, double the present quantity would pay duty to the Exchequer. And the consumer would be relieved by a reduction of full one-half in the retail price. In short, there is no repeal of duties on commodities which would combine so many benefits to all

of the Church!-Destruction of the Church!-Oh horrible !— Spoliation, plunder, subversion, destruction, of a fictitious entity Well, all fictitious entities that ever were figured, suppose them depoiled, plundered, subverted, destroyed, at one stroke: where would be the objection, so long as no real entity of the class of existing persons were found, that would be the worse? Of these individuals, what one is there that would in any way be the worse for it? To persons in possession, to persons having right in expectancy, the option of either retaining simply what they have, or adding to it; such throughout, as to them, "On whom then does the loss by the spoliation fall? Upon those persons who, but for the change in question, would, to obtain this or that share of the money, have passed themselves off for receivers of the Holy Ghost. Deplore their fate? Deplore then along with it the fate of the helpless innocents, who, had a certain man intermarried with a certain woman, would have come into existence."

would be the effect of it.

Equally complete and powerful is the demonstration, that by the proposed Reform the Church would lose nothing but what weakens and corrupts it:

"True it is that, of this plan, death of Excellent Church has from the very first been the acknowledged object. Death? Yes; but of what part belonging to her? Her Doctrine ? No : that is left by it untouched: left to all those by whom it is approved: left to them to make the most of it. Her Service No: that is left to her not only untouched, but better secured than ever: the performance of it secured with a degree of sniform regularity never hitherto exampled, If neither over her

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ject, and petition numerously in favour of the proposed relief. A very little reflection will convince them, that the Window and House Taxes are trifling in importance compared to the TAX ON BREAD,

LITERARY NOTICE.

Memoirs of Moses Mendelsohn, the Jewish Philosopher.
By M. SAMUELS,

We know of nothing more instructive or more entertaining than a
piece of biography, the subject of which is so removed from the com-
mon walks of life, that we are indulged with a sort of a peep into
another species of existence. Such, in many respects, is the work
before us, which records the career of a man every way extraordinary.
Many of our readers need not be informed, that Moses Mendelsohn
was a German Jew, of profound acquirement, both in Hebrew lore
and general learning; whose philosophic spirit and temperament
acquired him the name of "the Jewish Plato." The career of this
highly gifted and amiable Jew was as honourable as singular.
Brought up in extreme poverty, by the mere force of his own genius
and that union of endurance and forbearance which, in a literary and
philosophic point of view, is possibly the surest guide to grand results,
he became not only a great Hebrew scholar, but classically endowed
in the more general sense of the term, and, in particular, a meditative
and acute metaphysician. With all this acquirement, and afflicted
with very indifferent health, this compound of genius, perseverance,
and industry, also contrived to amass a fortune in a mercantile
capacity, and was finally influential both in property and talent. The
head of a new and more liberal school, in regard to the literature and
philosophy of his own tribe, he was also a particular star in the then
rising literary constellation of Germany, consisting of Lessing, Abbt,
Nicolai, the Eulers, &c. Mendelsohn was born at Dessau in 1729,
but his fame and his fortune were acquired in Berlin, where he died
in 1786, at the age of fifty-seven, possessed of the highest reputation
both among Jews and Christians.

parties, as this abolition of the illegal practice of the Leadenhall-street be made for the repeal of the Corn Laws, and we shall then Monopolists. see what the liberal commercial professions of Ministers are worth. There is another tax, however, under which the people of thisWe wish the people would seriously turn their attention to the subcountry smart, without perhaps one in a hundred of the sufferers being aware of its existence, much less of its extent. It is indirect, and disguised under a different name; but it is not on that account the less impoverishing and wasteful. We mean the BREAD-TAX. The law which forbids the importation of foreign corn, except when the homeprice has reached a certain height, artificially raises the price, by limiting the supply to what this country produces. That produce is not sufficient for its consumption, without bringing into cultivation inferior soils, upon which capital is wastefully spent, that might be profitably employed in other branches of industry. The difference between the price of corn in England under the non-importation law, and what the price would be, were foreign corn freely admitted, is so much levied on the community, in the nature of a tax; with this additional aggravation, however, that the produce of this tax does not go into the Exchequer: a small part of it is pocketed by two wealthy classes, and the main portion is positively wasted. We never saw the operation and magnitude of this tremendous impost more clearly or forcibly stated, than in an article in the Monthly Magazine by our old friend and correspondent F. P. "It was computed," he says, "that the difference in the price of corn, from 1815 to 1822, above what it would have been, had there been no Corn Laws, amounted annually to upwards of TWENTY-FIVE MILLIONS OF POUNDS STERLING; and this calculation never was refuted; no attempt, indeed, worthy of notice was ever made to refute it. Of these TWENTY-FIVE MILLIONS, not more than SEVEN MILLIONS came into the hands of the landlords and parsons, all the rest being a dead annual loss to the public, an absolute waste of labour, produce, and commodities, occasioned by the cultivation of inferior land. People call out, properly enough, against heavy taxes; they represent this tax and that tax as pressing heavily, and pray that they may be repealed. But they do not sufficiently attend to the bread-tax, the heaviest by far of all the taxes. They do not seem to advert to this terrible impost, as being levied on them over and above the heavy taxes of which they complain. If the Corn Laws were repealed, and a tax on bread to raise TWENTY-FIVE MILLIONS annually, to pay off the national debt, were proposed, the In a brief notice of this nature, all attempt to expatiate on the nation would ring from one end to the other against the proposition; various labours of a distinguished literary and philosophical life would yet it would not, if carried into effect, take from the people one shil- be futile; but there is something in the character of the biography ling more than they are now, and have been for years, paying without before us, composed as it is by an Israelitish pen, which renders it any advantage to themselves. Had the money thus taken from them extremely worthy of perusal. In the first place, we are indulged with been applied to the discharge of the debt, say only since 1814, Two a curious display of modern Jewish mind, in reference to the present MUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLIONS Would have been paid, and taxes to relative position of Judaism and Christianity; and secondly, we the amount of at least TEN MILLIONS a-year would have been taken acquire an instructive view of the peculiar notions which stand in the off. Thus then the matter stands. We pay TWENTY-FIVE MILLIONS way of the conversion of the Jews, and which tend to keep them a brend-tax, for no good whatever to the nation. We are incumbered separate people. These points are admirably illustrated in the celewith Two HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLIONS OF DEBT, and consequently brated letter from Mendelsohn to the enthusiastic Lavater, who, with TEN MILLIONS of taxes, more than we need have, had the bread- something with the temper of our Priestley, sought to engage him in a tax been paid to the state, instead of being wasted, or paid to the controversy on the evidences of Christianity. In this calm and finely Land-owners and Parsons."-That the Clergy profit by the Corn composed production, the Jewish philosopher, while he gently repels Laws, there can be no doubt; because their tenth is taken from the the invitation of Lavater, rejects all disposition to make converts on produce of the land, not from the profit. But the gain of the landlords his own part, as diametrically opposed to the Jewish religion. The is very questionable, since dear bread makes other commodities dear, rabbins, he observes, unanimously teach that the written and moral and they suffer considerably as general consumers. At all events, laws of the Jews are obligatory on themselves alone; and they are so theit gain from this most unwise system is less in reality than at first remote from the Proselytomania, that they endeavour to dissuade by sight. As for the farmers, nothing but a gross infatuation could have forcible remonstrances every one who comes forward to be converted. led them to support the non-importation law. Rent invariably rises" Proselytes," says the Talmud," are annoying to Israel as a scab." in proportion to the rise in the average price of corn, while tithes and "We believe," continues Mendelsohn, "that all other nations have poor-rates become more burdensome. A temporary advantage is in- been directed by God to adhere to the laws of nature and the religion deed made by farmers holding long leases: but there is even a of the patriarchs. Those who regulate their laws according to the reaction upon that, on the leases being renewed; and how little, precepts of this religion of nature and of reason, are called virtuous after all, does it compensate them for the losses they are subject to, men of other nations, and are the children of eternal salvation."when the price runs up beyond the non-importation limit, and hundreds Again: "Suppose there were amongst my contemporaries a Confuare swept off into absolute ruin by an influx of cheap foreign corn! The cius or a Solon, I could, consistently with my religious principles, going-up of prices is very pleasant, of course; for though rent, tithe, love and admire the great man, but I should never indulge the extrataxes, and wages, follow pretty briskly, they still keep behind as long vagant idea of converting a Solon or a Confucius. What should I as the rise continues. When prices have reached the top of the scale, convert him for? As he does not belong to the congregation of Jacob, however, rent, tithe, and wages, soon come up with them; and when my religious laws were not legislated for him, and, as to doctrines, we prices begin to go down, the charges in question-true to their old should soon come to an understanding. Do I think there is a chance character-still keep behind, and descend very slowly. Some of them of his being saved? I certainly believe that he who leads mankind indeed can hardly be brought a peg lower by any contrivance. The to virtue in this world cannot be damned in the next. And I need debt so enormously augmented during the high prices and fictitious not now stand in awe of any College that would call me to account prosperity, does not diminish with them: the taxes levied to pay its for this opinion, as the Sorbonne did honest Marmontel." interest remain the same in amount, whether wheat be 40 or 70 shillings a quarter. Here in fact lies the whole secret of the present embarrassed state of the farmers. Their charges,―rent, tithe, and especially taxes,-which rose with the war prices of corn, have not fallen in a like proportion with the reduction of prices since the peace. They have to pay almost as much as ever, while they receive a great deal less than during the war.-A motion will shortly

We have given the foregoing passage for a double reason: first, as showing the real nature of the obstacles to conversion between Judaism and Christianity, and the notions which tend to keep the Jews a separate caste, like the Hindoos; and, secondly, because it exhibits the ultimate triumph of Reason and Philosophy over the barbarous dogmata, which in one religion exterminate entire populations, in the name of the Lord; in another, make the virtues of heretics only

d sins; in a third, damn unbaptised infants a span long; and
urth, do not make virtue the road to salvation simpliciter, but
quid. It is pleasant, we repeat, to perceive the man-
which humanity, common sense, and the collision of various
ct, gradually wears down these asperities, and philosophises all |
notions into something socially endurable. Were the religion
in still existent, the progress of civilization would by this time
worn a portion of the iron out of the system, and the hall of Val-
would have required fewer sculls and have been less uproarious.
astronomy, there is a general centre for the universal system,
with fair play, all men sooner or later find themselves attracted
Were not this the case, the moral world would go to pieces.
particularly recommend the whole of the letter of Mendelsohn
water, as highly honourable to modern Judaism; but as a literary
, this volume is also interesting. The labours of Mendelsohn
various and abundant, as a list of his works at the end will show
sal of that alone will prove him an extraordinary individual;
here is a something in the concoction of the entire book, which
guishes it from the general run of kindred biography, and recom-
sit to the notice of those who like to contemplate the various
which education and circumstance bestow on human existence.

IRELAND.

CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION.
Thursday, March 10.

Q.

he week's Rent was announced to be the largest ever known2. 17s. 4d. The letters from all parts of the country, enclosing ributions, breathed the greatest enthusiasm. Mr. O'Connell's letter, ng his hopes of the success of the Emancipation Bill, and the condiwith which it was to be accompanied, and recommending the most ectful submission on the part of the Association, was read, and proed a great sensation in the Meeting. A Resolution was carried, exwing the gratitude and confidence of the Association in Mr. O'Conand the rest of the Deputation to England.

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to prevent Mr. Judge from seizing any implement for his defence. In
the scuffle, Mr. Judge was thrust into the passage, where some heavy
blows were inflicted in the presence of several witnesses, which cut Mr.
In the course of an hour,
J.'s eye and cheek in a dreadful manner.
Berkeley ordered his carriage, and left this town for Gloucester. Mr.
Judge continues very ill, but not dangerously."
An account in the Cheltenham Chronicle, given on the authority of
"Gentlemen of respectability," says that Colonel Berkeley disregarded
the aspersions thrown upon himself, but the unjustifiable reflections and
insults cast upon the Ladies, he could not endure, and were to be atoned
for. With two friends, therefore, he proceeded to Mr. Judge's lodgings:
"On entering the room, Colonel Berkeley said, " Mr. Judge, I must
request to know the author of the foul calumnies which have appeared
in your paper, on me particularly, and on my friends generally. Mr.
answered, "I am Colonel Berkeley."-Mr. Judge then observed, that he
Judge replied, "Whom have I the honour of addressing ?-Colonel B.
should be happy to meet him at the office and explain. Col. Berkeley
said," No, the present time must furnish the information, and in this
place." Mr. Judge declined making any answer; when Colonel B. took
him by the collar with his left hand, and with his right inflicted a severe
chastisement with a hand-whip, to which Mr. Judge offered no resist-
ance, except by kicking, and screaming " Murder! for God's sake let me
go!" and similar expressions of great pain. During the whole cor-
rection no person approached or touched Mr. Judge, except Colonel
Berkeley, and some of the servants, who came to his, Mr. Judge's, assist-

auce."

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

UNITED STATES.

ELECTION OF PRESIDENT.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, February 9, 1825.

Hall, preceded by their Serjeant at Arms, and having the President of At twelve o'clock precisely, the Members of the Senate entered the the Senate at their head, who was invited to a seat on the right hand of the Speaker of the House. Seats were then assigned the Senators in front of the Speaker's chair.

A Senator and two Members of this House were appointed Tellers, and proceeded to examine the certificates of the votes of those electors in each State who were entitled to vote for President and Vice-President. The totals of the votes were as follow :— For President

John Quincy Adams
William H. Crawford.

John C. Calhoun.
Nathaniel Macon

Andrew Jackson.

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84 Andrew Jackson 41 Henry Clay. For Vice President

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182 | Nathan Sanford
24 Henry Clay

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Mr. EDITOR,-In this age of Memoirs, Recollections, and Remiences, it is not to be wondered at that Old Harriette Wilson has been uccessful as her neighbours, John Bull and others, in gulling the lic. From all she or her Ambrosial Friend has written for her, one ht be led to believe her, when she states such broad facts, in spite of tting dates; but with any of our wits about us, we can never forget 1 people not contemporary could not hold converse. You must I allude to bringing the Marquis of Lorne and the Duke of Wellingtogether, though there were eight years difference between those Poor Tom Sheridan's account of his father must be equally unas it is malicious, from the known fact of the father and son being A taken from us within a few weeks of each other. If this Lady's moirs had been complete, she perhaps might have recollected a little y little girl, whose name was Du Bouchet, who was five and twenty ago a regular tramp in St. James's-street and the courts adjoining, picked up by a nobleman and converted into a lady; after growing old for any success in begging from those persons of high rank, whose The Members of the Senate then retired.-The Speaker directed the imes she could collect from the Court Guide (her constant practice), she roll of the House to be called by States, and the Members of the erated a prisoner from the Fleet, and set him sailing after his preten- respective delegations to take their seats in the order in which the States ins to an Irish peerage; if she should see this, she will know who should be called, beginning at the right hand of the Speaker. The roll ate it, and perhaps, I may receive a round sum not to say any more. was called accordingly, when it appeared that every Member of the Informerly got her living by mending and cleaning silk stockings, at House was present, with the exception of Mr. Garnett, of Virginia, who ich she was very expert. She was never handsome, though she had is known to be indisposed at his lodgings in Washington. odes, but was hog-backed, narrow-chested, and had an aukward ng gait, and was not at all like the handsome portrait which is blished as that of Harriette Wilson; but this can be of no consequence Was she must be next summer in her 42d year. But what am I who recollect these things? Why"AN OLD RAKE,"

13 Martin Van Buren The President of the Senate then rose, and declared that no person had received a legal majority of the votes given for President of the United States; that Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Crawford, were the three persons who had received the highest number of votes, and that the remaining duties in the choice of a President now devolved upon the House of Representatives. He further declared, that John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, having received 182 votes, was duly elected Vice President of the United States, to serve for four years from the 4th day of March.

South Molton-street, Grosvenor-square.

*Tom Sheridan died at the Cape so soon after his father, that he had er heard of his father's death. He had left England long before.

Ballot boxes were distributed to each delegation, by the Serjeant at Arms, and the ballots having all been deposited, tellers were named by the respective delegations; those tellers counted the votes, and one of them announced to the Speaker, that the result was-for

John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, 18 votes.
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee .
Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia

The Speaker then stated this result to the House, and announced that John Quincy Adams, having a majority of the votes of these United States, was duly elected President of the same for four years, commenc ing with the 4th day of March next.-And then the House adjourned. The National Intelligencer says,—“The moment of the election, yesThe result was known in the hall as soon as it was ascertained how New York had voted. The very crowded galleries, however, are separated so completely from the body of the House, and such perfect silence prevailed, that the first idea that a choice had been made was communicated by the report of the tellers, that Mr. Adams had 18 votes! The effect was electric. Without waiting for the tellers to conclude their report, few persons in the galleries, by clapping their hands, &c. gave tokens of approbation, and a few scarcely audible hisses were heard, as if in reply to the plaudits. The presentation of the report was arrested by the Speaker, order required in the House, and the galleries ordered to be cleared, and were cleared accordingly. This was a deep disappointmen to the more than thousand persons, who had, many of them, patien

MR. JUDGE HORSEWHIPPED BY COL. BERKELEY. Mr. Judge, the Proprietor of the Cheltenham Journal, in a late publicahaving charged Colonel Berkeley with having advertised a contra-terday, may naturally be supposed to have been one of deep excitement. to the report, that the Ladies had refused his tickets for the teley Hunt Ball," and having also made some observations on the t not palatable to the aforesaid Colonel, he on Monday went to Mr. 's apartments in Cheltenham, accompanied by two friends, and anded the name of the author of the offensive paragraphs. Mr. replied, that if they would go with him to the office, he would him every satisfaction. This the Colonel refused to do; and, acag to the account of one of the Proprietors of the Cheltenham Journal, el Berkeley, without further ceremony, commenced the most attack upon Mr. Judge, by beating him over the head and face the bat-end of a hunting-whip, while one of his companions secured door of the room, and the other placed himself before the fire, as if

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waited from early morn, to witness this august spectacle. It was neces sary, however, that the House should exact the respect due, not only to its authority, but to the political rights and personal feeling of its members."

UNITED PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS. Tuesday, March 15.

be the effect of the new currents which would be created by the removal of London-bridge; and he decidedly opposed the entering into any new project touching the banks of the river, until that edifice should be completed.

Lord PALMERSTON said, it was quite impossible not to see that a new thoroughfare, uniting the two ends of the town, was much wanted. And, for the mere effect of the thing, a quay would be the sort of communication peculiarly desirable. Everybody, as they went up and down the river, constantly exclaimed, “What a pity it is that there is not a quay!" Sir R. WILSON supported the motion, in the hope that if the measure provement of the suburbs.

Petitions against the Catholic Claims were presented from the Univer-were found practicable, something might hereafter be done for the imsity of Cambridge and the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough. A petition was also presented from the merchants, bankers, and other inha bitants of Dublin, which prayed for the removal of all commercial restrictions, and more particularly for the repeal of the duty on coals, which greatly impeded the employment of machinery, on which the success of manufactures in Ireland depended.

SPRING-GUNS.

Lord SUFFIELD introduced a bill, making feloniously stealing vegetable productions a larceny, when a conversation arose of some length as to the limitation of the use of Spring-guns. Lord Suffield explained, that the bill would enact that all persons setting Spring-guns, or other destructive engines, for the purpose of taking away human life, or doing some bodily harm, in any place not being a nursery or cultivated garden ground, should, in case of human life being actually lost, be declared guilty of manslaughter: that in case only a blow or wound should be the conséquence of such engines being set, the person setting them should be guilty of a misdemeanor, and that the party injured should have a right of action for damages. The other bill, by which he intended to make all robberies in such cultivated grounds as he had last alluded to larcenies, would obviate the objections which had been on a former occasion urged against his measure. He concluded by moving the first reading of Lord ELLENBOROUGH was of opinion that the effect of the bill would be to lay open the gardens, in the neighbourhood of London, to the depredations of thieves. After some observations from several Noble Lords, the bill was read. The House then resolved itself into a Com mittee on the Spring-guu bill, when Lord ELLENBOROUGH proposed an amendment, that all walled and fenced grounds should be exempted from the operation of the bill.

the bill.

A conversation ensued, the Earl of LIVERPOOL said, that he should oppose the amendment, upon the broad principle, that Spring guns and other destructive engines were not a fit protection for private property He would therefore move, as a further amendment, that the provisions of the bill should apply generally, and that it should be declared illegal to et Spring-guns in any place whatever.

The House was then cleared for a division on the last amendment by Lord Liverpool, when the numbers were, Content, 28-Not Content, 5Majority in favour of the amendment, 23.

Thursday, March 17.

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Mr. PEEL did not think the proposed plan was at all necessary as an ornament to the city-particularly when it was to be effected at the expense of particular interests. At all events, he would defer the plan until he saw what might be the effects of the removal of London-bridge on the north side of the Thames.

Mr. A. BARING Supported the motion. Very great inconvenience had already been experienced by the immense concourse of carringes and vehicles of all descriptions. On some days, the great line of comunication by the Strand, from the west end of the town, was literally impassable for hours together, by the throng of waggons and carts. On a division, the bringing in the Bill was voted by 85 to 45.

CATHOLIC CLAIMS.-THE PROTESTANT CLERGY.

Lord PALMERSTON presented a petition from the University of Cambridge against the Catholic claims.

Mr. BANKES, jun. stated, that this petition did not merely express the sentiments of the Clerical, but also the lay members of the University, and therefore might be received without exciting the sneers and laughters which had been excited by some petitions on the same subject, for no other cause that he could learn, except that they came from Clergymea! He protested against the scoffs and scorns which were cast upon the petitions of the Clergy: considering their education, their rank in life, and their importance in the country, they were entitled at any rate to attention and respect. He contrasted the different modes in which the petitions of the Catholic Clergy and those of the Established Church were received by the House. The former were heard with kindness and attention, and were made the subject of lofty encomiums; the latter were flouted and discountenanced, and all but laughed out of the House!

Mr. HUME observed, that no language had been used which could war. rant the Hon. Member in asserting that there was a wish on their part to get rid of the petitions of the Clergy. It would be preposterous inderd for men who professed liberal principles, to adopt such an illiberal mode of proceeding. (Hear, hear!) What he (Mr. Hume) had said regarding the Clergy on a former night, was, that the Clergymen of England, whố were so superior to the generality of the people, in education and rank in life, were a century behind them in mildness and liberality of feeling. With Christian charity always in their mouths, they ought to exhibit a little more of Christian charity in their practice. Enjoying civil rights themselves, they ought not to seek to debar others from full participation bestowed on the petitions received from the Catholic and the Established Clergy, it was owing to this circumstance that the former petitioned for justice, whilst the latter sought to perpetuate injustice. (Hear, hear!) Sir ELIAB HARVEY begged to observe, that when he presented the peti and heads of those who signed it, it was received with an uproar and clamour which was more worthy of a bear-garden than of the Ilouse of Commons. (Hear, hear!)

The Bishop of BATH and WELLS presented a petition from the Arch-in them. If there was any difference in the attention which the House deaconry of his Diocese, against further concessions to the Catholics, and defended the conduct of the Clergy in coming forward with petitions on this subject.

Lord KING remarked, that no one objected to the reception of petitions from the Clergy, but to the intolerant sentiments they contained, and twotion from the Archdeaconry of Essex, which did equal honour to the hearts of the most intolerant had certainly been presented from the Diocese of Bath and Wells. Several trifling amendments were then made in the Spring guns bill.

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THAMES QUAY.

Colonel TRENCH mored for leave to bring in a Bill to build a Quay and Terrace on the North Bank of the Thames.

Mr. CALCRAFT opposed the measure. He contended that the Quay would produce great injury to the water-side property. Independent of the balustrade, the foot-path was to be 22 feet above the level of the carriage-way in Arundel or Surrey-street; so that the inhabitants of those streets would lose the light as high as their first-floor windows. But his chief reason for opposing the bill was, the total impossibility which he saw of its ever succeeding. The cost alone put it out of all question. One prospectus had stated the probable expense at 400,000. Another afterwards raised it to 600,000l. But it was not five times 600,000l. much less than 5,000,000l. that would complete it.

Mr. CARUS WILSON contended that the ridicule thrown upon the petitions of the Clergy was most undeserved, as they had always been the guardians of our religious rights.

Mr. SPRING RICE allowed that the petition was entitled to every attention; but it ought not to be taken as speaking the unanimous opinion of the University. He knew that there were a great many of the resident members who dissented from its prayer; and he believed he might say, that among them were some of the most enlightened members of the Senate. With regard to what had fallen from the last speaker, about the Clergy being the guardians of our religious rights, he thought it was more of a Popish than a Protestant doctrine. (Hear, hear!) Every maa ought to be the judge of his own opinions; and the best defenders of our religious rights had always been found in the lay members of the community. (Hear!)

The petition was then laid on the table, but was not ordered to be printed.

WASTE LANDS IN CANADA.

Mr. WILMOT HORTON moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the Incornorporation and Sale of Waste Lands in the province of Upper Canada.

Mr. HOBHOUSE agreed with Mr. C. in all he had advanced. Colonel TRENCH admitted that some injury, for the present, would accrue to the houses in Surrey-street, and others in the same direction; but, in the end, all that property would be materially benefited. As they stood, the banks of the Thames were a disgrace to the metropolis. The mprovement proposed, persons of the highest qualification would under-sued by the United States) and the other abuses which prevailed in Britake to execute for 688,000l.

Mr. CROKER opposed the project, especially pending the alteration now making at London-bridge. It was impossible to calculate what might

Mr. HUME expressed his regret that five years ago, when he had strongly recommended a change in the colonial system, some proposition of this kind had not been made. He had said then, and the result verified his prediction, that the system of emigration held out would be defeated by the bad system of the colonial authorities, the inordinate demand of augmented fees for individual profit (a system so different from that purtish colonies. For the last twelve or fourteen years the colonial system had been a disgrace to the Government; so much so, that if there were a reformed House of Commons, he would impeach Lord Bathurst for a

breach of duty, and move an address to the King for his dismissal. His
reasons for such impeachment would not be confined to the mal-adminis-
tration of Upper Canada, but to the general abuses of the Noble Lord's
system in the lonian Islands, the Cape of Good Hope, and the other settle-
ments. Look, for instance, at the Cape, where the most glaring injustice
was daily suffering-where British subjects were transporting from thence
to Botany Bay, under circumstances of the most aggravated oppression,
and where complaints were daily made, which called for redress from
any man who had a heart for humau feeling.
Mr. GORDON defended the conduct of Lord Bathurst. The appointment
of official heads of colonies belonged to the Government generally, and
Lord Bathurst had no right to be rendered particularly responsible for
jadividual errors, if they had arisen in such appointments; at all events,
he was sure the Noble Lord carefully attended to all the details of colo-
nial business.
Mr. BARING intimated, that as these colonies, from their relative posi-
tion, and the prevailing feeling in all the new Governments of America to
get rid of Europeau dominion, would not likely remain long in connexion
with Great Britain (Hear, hear!)—it was time for Government to con-
sider at what period of maturity they would be fairly and honourably
ready to allow the colonies the benefit of a separate system. He admitted
that this was a bold, but a pressing consideration, which in the nature of
things ought to govern the principle of the projected new arrangements.
Mr. W. HORTON said, the object of Government was to bring conside-
rable portions of uncultivated land into immediate cultivation by the
pital of a Company, under regulations dictated by the Government.
Labour was to be had in Canada, but capital was wanted, which this plan
would supply. The Hon. Gentleman defended the conduct of Lord
Bathurst, and called for a definite charge.

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Mr. HUME said it was hard to charge him with being indefinite, who had taken up so much time in each of the last five sessions with complaints against the conduct of the Colonial Governors, and the neglect of the Colonial-Office.-Leave was given to bring in the bill.

IRISH BANKING COMPANIES.

Sir G. HILL moved for leave to bring in a bill for the regulation of copartnerships in Ireland. He described the bill as a measure necessary to give protection to the capital now rapidly flowing into Ireland from this country.

Mr. DAWSON supported the measure. Past experience had shown how direful were the hazards of private banking in Ireland. Provincial bank ing was, nevertheless, rapidly going on. He did not wish to do anything injurious to the Bank of Ireland; but that company owed duties to the country, in the fulfilment of which, during times of urgent distress, they had shown themselves backward. He anticipated great advantages to the commercial wealth of Ireland by the establishment of a provincial banking company.

Sir H. PARNELL agreed in the censure bestowed upon the indifference of the Bank of Ireland to the distresses which some time ago prevailed in the south of Ireland, and which they might with ease have prevented. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER thought that his Hon. Friend had been a little severe on the Bank of Ireland. That body might, to be sure, bave been, in their dealings, to some degree illiberal; (Hear!) but that was a fault which they must ave committed in common only with most other commercial bodies, who generally tried a little to look after their own advantage with rather more anxiety than they manifested for the concerus of others. Such a fault, however, could never appear to Parliament of sufficient weight to justify an attack upon a chartered company of this nature.

Mr. SPRING RICE observed, that the practice of the Bank of Ireland had been, to refuse those advances or acconimodations (without which business must always languish), however unexceptionable might be the security, unless the parties happened to be engaged in the trade of Dublin itself. (Hear) If they belonged to Cork, or any of the southern districts, however highly respectable, parties must establish an agency in Dublin before they enald obtain such advances. Now the Bank of Ireland did no business at all of this kind ander 5 per cent. ; the charge of the Dublin agency was about 1 per cent. more; and what with postages, brokerage, &c, the accommodation to such parties could only be obtained at the rate of nearly 7 per cent. (Hear.) It was the jealousy which the Bank of Ireland felt of ihe introduction of English capital and capitalists into Ireland, that alone induced it to take any adverse steps to such a measure as this. As to English capital, he did not augur all the benefits anticipated from its introduction, so much as he looked forward to the happiest results from the circumstance of that English capital being to be managed by English capitalists. (Hear, hear!) That circumstance would introduce into Ireland those habits of good faith and regularity, and punctuality in business, which its com i wercial transactions did at present so much want. Upon this principle it was that he felt chiefly induced to give his vote for the measure. Mr. TRANT and Mr. M FITZGERALD approved of the proposed measure, as did Mr. ATWOOD; and leave was given to bring in the bill.

IRISH BUTTER TRADE.

Sir H. PARNELL moved for papers on the subject of the Irish Butter Trade. This trade, he said, formed an export of the value of three millions a year (Hear!) principally carried on by small farmers and merchants. In 1812 it was subjected to a variety of mischievous and sexations regulations, the principal of which were that every cask of butter should be sold in a public market; that a public officer, called a taster, should taste the butters, and mark their respective qualities. The

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result of this arrangement was, that if the taster chose to mark a cask
"second quality," he diminished its value 10s. per cwt. If he marked it
"third quality," &c., he reduced it 5s per cwt. more. Now Hon. Gentle · ́
men would observe how serious a difference this must make in the price of
a cask, which was about 4. sterling. And they would see, too, what a
dangerous power this was to vest in one officer. To make up the large
amount of this export, no less than 700,000 casks must undergo this opera-
tion of tasting. (4 laugh.) It was impossible for him to describe the
extent to which gross corruption and oppression took place under this
system. Upon this tasting there was a fee of 2d. per cask to be paid.
But under various pretences of weighing, branding, &c., this charge oc-
casionally rose to 54., 7d., 11d., and even as high as five-and-twenty pence
per cask, (Hear!) a loss which the poor farmer had to sustain. There
was an officer, also, to mark and brand on the casks their capacity and
weight. But he (Sir H. Parnell) had discovered, that it frequently hap-
pened that the officer, whose duty was so to brand the casks, accepted
bribes, and left his brands in the hands of the coopers themselves. (Hear!)
In short, both in this matter, and in respect to the weighing, the greatest
corruption prevailed. He did trust, therefore, that the Treasury had already
made up their minds as to what course they would take in respect to this
important subject.

Mr. CHARLES GRANT thought the Hon. Baronet had stated quite enough to convince the House, that the present regulations of this important trade had led only to fraud and collusion.

Mr. HUME expressed his entire concurrence with the Right Hon. Gentleman. Since the repeal of all the laws about branding the linens of Scotland, its trade in that manufacture had very much improved ; and he wished the linen manufacturers of Ireland could only be prevailed upon to try a similar experiment, which he was sure would be attended with results equally beneficial. (Hear!) The motion was agreed to.

ASSESSED TAXES BILL.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in moving the third reading of the above bill, stated, that he bad to propose four new clauses, which he wished to be annexed to the bill, as riders. The first related to exemption from the dog-tax, of persons keeping one dog-the animal not being pointer, spaniel, setting-dog, or greyhound; the second, exempting from the tax on windows, all those which were denominated interior windows, to which the light was conducted from exterior windows; the third, providing for the payment of the Collectors of the Assessed Taxes; and the fourth, exempting innkeepers and publicans from paying the tax on servants, with reference to boys under the age of 15 years, employed in carrying out beer. He then moved the clause for the exemption of interior windows from the operation of the window-tax after the 5th of April, 1825.

Mr. Alderman WOOD expressed his surprise at the manner in which the
Right Hon. Gentleman went on legislating with respect to the window-tax.
A tax so obnoxious to the country ought to be repealed at once.
The motion was then agreed to.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then proposed a clause, empowering the Treasury to make a proper allowance to any clerk or collector of the Assessed Taxes, for expenses incurred by him in the discharge of his duty. This clause, the Right Hon. Gentleman observed, was necessary on account of the reduction of the Assessed Taxes. The persons employed in their collection were formerly compensated by a poundage, but as the amount of that poundage would be now necessarily lessened, it was necessary to make some other provision.

Mr. HUME said the principle of paying by poundage was a most mischievous one. So long as their emoluments depended on poundage, so long would the surcharges be oppressive. This system was so vexatious, that it ought to be removed. Those who were engaged in making these surcharges were actually bribed to do wrong by the Treasury, as they were rewarded with half of the sum surcharged. A clause ought to be introduced, enacting, that where the collector did not make out his surcharge, on due examination, he should be fined to the amount which he attempted to levy upon others.

The clause was then agreed to.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then moved the clause exempting from the tax on servants, boys under 15 years of age, employed in carrying out beer. After a few words from Mr. WoOD and Sir F. OMMANEY, the clause was agreed to, and the bill was read a third time.

WINE DUTIES BILL.

On the motion for the second reading of the above bill, Mr. HOME called on the Chancellor of the Exchequer to state, whether he meant to give any relief to the importer of Cape wines? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER replied, that when the bill was in the Committee, he would give the question every consideration.

Mr. Alderman WooD wished to know what allowance would be made, with respect to the stock of wines onder a tun, which inn-keepers might have on band. Many of them, were very much alarmed, as they had been obliged to lower the price of their wines 12s a dozen.

Mr. HERRIES said, that an allowance would be granted for a stock of wine under a tun, but not to so low a quantity as ten or 20 gallons.-The bill was then read a second time.

Wednesday, March 16.

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