information respecting the tribes at the foot of the great chain Reviewer states, the height of the lake is not 1200 feet, but where the Niger rises. The Koorankoos and Soolimas are 950 or 1000; secondly, if the length of both rivers is calculated mild in their manners, and possess a considerable degree of in the same way (by taking the same space in the compases) civilization. Their houses are large and clean, their fields an elevation of 1200 feet in the Tsad would not afford to its neatly cultivated, and they are expert in the common mecha-waters much more than half the average fall per mile which nic arts. A part of the people are Pagans; but part have is assigned to the Amazons: thirdly, the Nile approaches the been converted to Mahometanism. It is a curious fact, that sea with a considerable current, and has several cataracts in this religion, which entered Africa on the east, in the time of its course, while the Amazons has not a single cataract below the Prophet, has been imperceptibly gaining ground on Pagan Jaen-has a fall of only 11 feet in the last 600 miles of its ism, seeking its way slowly through a multitude of barbarous course, and is so remarkably level and motionless, that the tribes, and after having its progress long arrested by the tides are felt over all this space. Jebel Kumra, or great central chain of mountains, it has at last surmounted that barrier, and we now find it emerging almost on the shores of the South Atlantic. The late and imperfect conversion of these tribes may be regarded as the last feeble surge of that mighty tide which rose in Arabia twelve hundred years ago, and overwhelmed so many power-in their Delta. The one of these branches he thinks may be ful empires in its course. The number of the Quarterly Review just published, affords some additional intelligence from the expedition to Bornou. The letters from Major Denham and Lieutenant Clapperton, come down to June 1824. The latter visited Old, Birnie, the former capital, destroyed. by an enemy some years ago, the ruins of which attest the greatness of its wealth and population. It is 8 or 9 miles in circumference, surrounded with walls of brick and clay, 30 feet high, and 10 or 12 thick. He afterwards continued his excursion to the westward along the Yeou or Niger, beyond the boundaries of Bornou. Then entering the territories of the Sultan of Kano (Gana in Arrowsmith's map) he was kindly received and promised a safe protection to Sakatoo, 15 days journey beyond Kano, and which must be near the Lake or Sea of Soudan. Here some Bornou traders reported they had seen him; and at this place he would be within little more than 200 miles of Timbuctoo, to which he was proceeding. If he reach this famed town, his accounts of the Niger will connect with those of Mungo Park, and the geography of the upper part of this river will want little of being fully explored... The Reviewer thinks that the Shary runs parallel to the Yeou along the base of the Jebel Kumra from a point nearly as far west; or else that one common stream parts into two, and forms the two rivers, which as they fall ultimately into the same lake, must encompass a great portion of central Africa the Joliba, the other the Quolla, both of which have been called the Niger. That the Shary comes from the west is very probable. In all other respects either hypothesis seems to us untenable. It is curious that the travellers met with a son of Hopaemans by an African woman, and they received a pretty distinct account from a native, of the circumstance of Mungro Park's death. The Scotsman. CITY, 11 O'CLOCK.-Consols are firm at 933. In the Foreign Market Spanish Bonds are 234; Austrian, 984; Danish, 101; Coldásbian, 90; Chilian, 894; Mexican, 794 80; and Greek, 514. POSTSCRIPT. MONDAY, March 28, THE French papers of Thursday and Friday arrived yester- The trial of Louis Fort, the Secretary of the Duke of Bourbon, who attempted, in December last, to assassinate the steward and the valet de chambre of the Duke, has commenced at the Court of Assizes at Paris. Little farther progress had been made in exploring the Tsad or great Lake of Bornou. Major Denham had again visited its southern shores, and had ascended the river Shary as far as Kurmuck in the 11th degree of south latitude. The lake is of great breadth, as well as length, and contains numerous islands inhabited by pirates, who are able, it is said, to muster a thousand boats, carrying from 15 to 20 men each. When the last letter was written, in June 1824, Major Denham was about to begin a journey quite round the lake, proceeding by the south end, and returning by the north. When the result of this enterprise is published, we shall know whether the Tsad has or has not an efflux stream ;-but-the existence of such a stream will by no means prove a communication with the Nile. The Tsad must be nearly 1000 miles from the Nile in the 10th parallel; and in that interval there may be another lake or a succession of lakes, of sufficient magnitude to dispose or the waters by evaporation, if the Tsad, 200 or 300 miles long, be not itself large enough for the purpose. The Reviewer enters into this question, and though we are under his ban as jacobins and what not, and of course are not to be named, we have a sly suspicion that his reasoning is meant as an answer to the arguments we used in our papers of 14th January, and 18th February 1824. We still think these arguments conWe learn that the Government of Buenos Ayres has set clusive against the supposed communication of the Tsad with apart 30,000 dollars per annum, to bear the expense of sendthe Nile, for which the Reviewer contends--though we admiting a number of young men, natives of the republic, to Brithat if the Tsad be bona fide a fresh water lake, the fact may tain or Germany, to be instructed in the natural sciences, în almost be received as a proof that it has an efflux stream. The medicine, agriculture, political economy, &c. Some of the Reviewer refers to the Amazons, which he says falls 7 inches young men, we are informed, have already arrived in Edinper mile, and by a fradulent calculation he finds, that if the burgh. The Peruvians, more than two years ago, adopted lake Tsad is 1200 feet above the sea, this will afford a fall of a similar proposal; but the distracted state of the country has. 7 inches per mile to its waters in their circuitous course to hitherto prevented it from being carried into execution. It is the Mediterranean, Here we are at issue with him. We pleasing to observe, that the freemen of these regenerated maintain; first that if the barometer stood at 29 deg, as the portions of the New World place education among the most FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, March 25.-Five per Cents. opened at 103.; closed at 103. 10.; Bank Stock, 2,030.; Rente de Naples (Certif. Falconet), 90. 90.; Rente d'Espagne, 19; Royal Spanish Loan, 1823, 59%. Exchange on London, one month, 25.; three months, 24. 85.-Cours Authentique. urgent of their wants, and consider knowledge as the most precious of their imports. However much the Governments of Spanish America may differ in other respects, they have all been the zealous patrons of mental improvement; and the whole of these vast regions, from California to Cape Horn, are, at this moment, a scene of the most animating and salutary innovations. Academies and colleges have been planted where literature and science were recently proscribed. Drowsy monks have been replaced by industrious schoolmasters, and affectionate mothers substituted for dissolute nuns; men are now permitted to think and reason, where thinking and reasoning were formerly crimes. What a contrast is this to the state of France, where Ultras and Jesuits are straining every nerve to convert the people into a herd of slaves and bigots, where they are reprinting wretched legends and lives of saints. on superfine paper, with Didot's best type, as manuals for the Duke of Bourdeaux! and making the royal babe the patron of their new convents and other ascetic fraternities-where Corbiere is shutting up Lancastrian schools, social clubs, and reading rooms-where every thing is doing, in short, to reimpose that load of ignorance and superstition on the necks of mankind, which the new world is throwing off with its whole energies.-Scotsman. Beef Mutton Beasts Sheep Hay 5. Od. to 5s. 6d. Pork...... .... 3,012 | Pigs 16,820 Calves .... PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW. ...£3 5 to £50 Straw..... Clover £45 to £5 10 Veal also 1; / な 5s. 88 to 6s. 88. --5s. 44. to 6s. 4d 180 190414 £20 to £28 The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed from the On Saturday night, about half-past nine, the firmament presented a striking and interesting appearance. To the northward, and along the line of the coast of Fife, a pitchy darkness prevailed; while south, east, and west, the horizon was remarkably clear-the stars appearing of unusual magnitude, and shining with uncommon brilliancy. In a moment, the southern edge of the black cloud became illuminated, by rays of light which shot up from behind it, from east to west. In about forty seconds, à commotion was observed on the verge of the dark mark,-which appeared as if broken by a sudden and violent tempest; and at the same time vivid corruscations shot up in rapid and dazzling suc- THE PICTURES: the BETROTHING. Novels, translated from cession, far to the southward, in a wide range from east to west. Such was the degree of light emitted at this time, that it recalled to the mind of the beholder the appearance caused by the rays of the sun at mid-day, after a summer or autumn thunder-storm. The period of duration of this interesting phenomenon might be about half an hour.-Edinburgh Ob server. Madame Pasta and Signor Angrisani are expected to reinforce the operatic force of the Director of the Italian Opera soon after Easter. Just published, in post 8vo. price 9s. boards, the German of Lewis Tieck. Printed for Geo. B. Whittaker, Ave Maria-lane. MR. COLBURN begs to acquaint his Friends and the Public in general, that, having disposed of his interest in the LIBRARY in Conduit street, he has now entirely REMOVED to No. 8, NEW BURLINGTON Works of wperior in intends to confine himself to the Publication and Sale of of superior interest and importance. March, 1825. WINE warranted Genuine as Imported (Duties Reduced)-Old Port, vintage 1820, full of fruit flavor and body, 278. per dozen. Superior Sherry, shipped by the first houses in Spain, 274. per dozen.-6 dozen of either of the above Wines packed in an excellent hogshead calculated for various purposes, including bottles, &c. for a remittance of 101.: all other Spanish and Portugal Wines in proportion.-Champagne, first quality, now landing in celebrated dezen; Claret, 488. We have reason to believe, that notice of a bill for grant-ourite London Docks shipped by that celebh emptied pipes and hogsheads ing a provision to the Catholic clergy of Ireland, and likewise of one for abolishing the 40s. votes in that country, will be given in the House of Commons this day or to-morrow.Times, March 28. to be sold cheap. CHARLES WRIGHT, Wine-merchant, next to the King's GUMS. The VEGETABLE TOOTH POWDER has so long been in general use, that it is unnecessary to offer any further recommendation of it. Composed of Vegetables, without the usual objection against the use of other Dentrifices. Its detersive power is the admixture of any Mineral or pernicious ingredient whatever, it is free fram The rich Widow at the corner of Stratton-street has been. FOR PRESERVING the TEETH & G removing her large services of massive plate, part of the enormous bequest of her wealthy husband, from the Bankinghouse to her private residence, preparatory to a series of fes-just sufficient to annihilate those destructive particles which adhere to the Gums tive entertainments, which are intended to rival even Royalty itself. It is not true that Miss Foote will be married this morning to Mr. Hayne. This Lady has been obliged to relinquish her engagement at the Glasgow Theatre in Passion-week, in consequence of the extremely delicate state of her heth. Should Miss Foote, however, be sufficiently recovered, she will perform on this day, to-morrow, and Wednesday, at Liverpool, and from thence return to her duty at Covent-Garden Theatre: Chronicle, March 28, There is at present exhibiting in Canterbury, a lamb, with a face resembling that of a human being. THE LONDON MARKETS. and the Interstices of the Teeth; healing injuries in the former, and promoting a new Enamel (where it has been injured or corroded) on the latter. It likewise imparts a firmness and healthy redness to the Gums; and, if used regularly, will preserve the Teeth in a sound state to old age. Sold in boxes, at 25. 9d. by Butler, Chemist, 4, Cheapside, St. Paul's; Savory and Co. 136, New Bondfeet; 20, Regent street; and by the principal Medicine Venders throughout the United Kingdom. Be careful to ask for Butler's Vegetable Tooth Powder; and to observe the name and address of " Butler, 4, Cheapside," are engraved on the stamp and label attached to each box of this esteemed Dentifrice, to distinguish it from Imitations under similar titles. BILIOUS and LIVER COMPLAINTS. As a mild and effectual mild and effe remedy for all those disorders which originate in a vitiated action of the Liver and biliary organs, namely, Indigestion, Loss of Appetite, Head-ach, Heartburn, Flatulencies, Spasms, Costiveness, Affections of the Liver, &c. &c. DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS have met with more any other Medicine whatsoever. They unite every recommendation of mild approval than operation with successful effect; and require no restraint or confinement what eyer during their use. In tropical climates, where the consequences of redun dant and vitiated bile are so prevalent and alarming, they are an invaluable and efficient protection. They are likewise peculiarly calculated to correct disorders arising from excesses of the table, to restore the tone of the stoma and to remove most complaints occasioned by irregularity of the in boxes at 25.9d., 0, 11s. and 22s. by Butler, Chemist, 4, Cheapside, St. Paul's Savory and Co. 136, New Bond-street; 220, Regent-street; and by the principal Medicine Venders throughout the United Kingdom. On Tuesday next, foolscap 8vo. price 7s. boards, patronage. By Dr. John. Von Spix, and Dr. Charles Von Martus, Members of BACCHUS in TUSCANY a Dithyrambic Poem. From the the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Translated from the German. Vols. I Italian of FRANCESCO Reut. With Notes original and select. By LEIGH HUNT. Come, thou monarch of the vine, ANTHONY AND CLEOPATRA. A PEEP at the PILGRIMS in 1636,-A Tale of Olden Times. Printed for Geo. B. Whittaker, Ave-Marià-lane. A SPLENDID MOON-LIGHT coloured REPRESENTATION of The Contents comprise Thirty Original Papers of the highest interest, Reviews Mr. Wright has the honour to announce, that in eighteen months this Magagine On Saturday was published, in 3 vols. 12mo. 218. Printed for Marsh, No. 145, Oxford-street, next to Fladong's Hotel. Just published, in superfine post 4to. beautifully printed after the manner of r of copper-plate, price Is. 6d. SOUTER'S NEW CIPHERING BOOK for BEGINNERS; containing the First Four Rules of Arithmetic, simple and compound, systematically arranged. By R. W. Author of the New Tables of the Solar System." A KEY to the above, giving EIGHT ANSWERS to every Sum, correctly worked at full length. Price 4s. So much pains has been taken with this Book of Answers, that the Author can almost vouch for there not being a single error; and he engages to give certain premiums, mentioned in the Preface, to any Pupil who may discover an error.. London: printed for J. Souter. 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The author of this work is the celebrated Restaurateur in the Rae Richelieu, in Paris, whose object, after 44 years' experience, is, by the present publication, to enable Cooks, Confectioners, or Amateurs, with the assistance of the commonest cook, to make a great display and excellent cheer, by the simplest and most economical means. OBSERVATIONS on the MANAGEMENT of TRUSTS for the CARE of TURNPIKE ROADS, as regards the Repair of the Road, the Expenditure of the Revenue, and the Appointment and Quality of Executive Officers; and upon examples from a practical experience of nine years. By J. Loudon M'Adam, Esq. Svo. 68. boards. HISTORY of the PENAL LAWS against the IRISH CATHO- the Nature and Effect of the present Road Law of this Kingdom, illustrated by LICS, from the year 1899 to the Union. By Sir HENRY PARNELL, Bart, M.P. Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 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Amongst the eminent Composers in this worke the following:-Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, C. M. Von Weber, Rosa, to 401. and the price is only 6s. each part, or the book complete, 31. 125. row; and of all Bookṣellers. Prospectuses gratis. May be had also at Longman and Co.'s, Paternoster THE HARMONICON, No. XXVIII. Contents: I. Theme and &c. &c. The original Editions of the Music in the Vocal Authology would anotint Variations for Piano Forte, Ferdinand Ries; quite new, and composed for Accompaniments for Piano-Forte. Memoir of Winter. Musical Gleanings in No. XXI. The OVERTURE and MUSIC to DER FREISCHUTZ. Price 2s. 6d. With Cuts. In Weekly Nos. price 3d. In Monthly Parts, price is. GALIGNANI'S NEW PARIS GUIDE; or Stranger's Companion HONE'S EVERY-DAY BOOK, or EVERLASTING CALENDAR, the Sonnets, would scarcely have been unworthy the pen of Byron.”—Monthly No. (of March 26) contains Care Sunday, Lady Day, Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Hot Cross Buns, &c. The work consists of Popular Amusements, Sports, Customs, and Events, of past and present times: Memoirs, Anecdotes, Wit, Botany, Poetry; &c. arranged under every day in the year, for daily use and entertainment. Published by William Houe, 45, Ludgate-hill. Every Bookseller, Newsman, and Vender of periodical publications throughout the United Kingdom, will supply it to Country Readers as soon as ordered. NEW PUBLICATIONS. The following interesting Works have been just published by Mr. Colburn, 9, New Burlington-street, viz. : DON ESTEBAN; or Memoirs of a Spaniard. Written by Himself. 3 vols. II. TREMAINE, or the Man of Refinement. 3 vols. MIL. MEMOIRS of MADAME DE GENLIS. Written by Herself. 2 vols. 165. IV. GAIETIES and GRAVITIES, a Series of Essays, Comic Tales, and Fugitive Vagaries, now first collected by one of the Authors of "Rejected Addresses." 3 vol V. A SECOND SERIES of SAYINGS and DOINGS. 3 vols. VI. JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE and TRAVELS in COLOMBIA, in 1823 and 1894. By Capt. 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THE VILLAGE DOCTOR; or, the Art of Curing Diseases Sir Astley Cooper, Dr. Bailie, Dr. Heberden, Dr. Sounders, Sir Henry Halford, . Dr. Birkbeck, &c. &c. Compiled for Domestic convenience, and adapted for the use of Country Clergymen ; for Conductors of large Establishments and Seminaries; for Parents and Heads of Families; and for every class, from the Palace to the Cottage; and for general Utility and Beneft. By a PHYSICIAN. GRAY'S SUPPLEMENT TO THE PHARMACOPIA, on PHARMACOLOGY in general; including not only the Drugs and Com DR. PHILIP ON INDIGESTION.-FOURTH EDITION. A TREATISE on INDIGESTION and its CONSEQUENCES, By A. P. W. PHILIP, M.D. F.R.S. Ed. &c. Fourth Edition, Printed for Knight and Lacey, Paternoster-row; and Westley and Tyrrell, AN ACCOUNT of the DISEASE lately prevalent at the GENERAL. Dublin. THE ECONOMIST and GENERAL ADVISER, containing :- ing-Benefit Societies-Aunals of Galling-Amusements Useful Receipts The circumstance that scarcely a London or Provincial paper makes its periocal appearance which does not rank in its columns one or more extracts from this work, is the best test which can be offered of the utility and importance of The Economist and General Adviser. The Economist is continued in Weekly Numbers, price 3d. and Monthly Parts, as. beautifully printed in post 8vo, and hot-pressed, with Engravings. Printed for Knight and Lacey, Paternoster-row; and Westley and Tyrrell, Dublin. No.896. MONDAY, APRIL 4, 1825. THE POLITICAL EXAMINER. Party is the madness of many for the gain of a few.-Pork. PROPOSED MEASURES WITH REFERENCE TO IRELAND. testant: ling to concede "Emancipation" on terms that would strengthen Mr. O'CONNELL addressed another letter to the Catholic Associa- the feeling description of the effect of the ecclesiastical tyranny on the We must add the next paragraph of the Reviewer, for the sake of Irish peasant, which is taken from Mr. WAKEFIELD'S useful book :— · forced to the poll in droves, to exercise their "franchise," by giving suffrages which they dare not withhold! This is a system pregnant with serious evils, without a single counterbalancing good; and independent of any reference to what might be substituted, or to the Ca"We hold it perfectly visionary, to suppose that tranquillity can ever tholic Question, the sooner it is abolished the better. Whether Sir be established in Ireland, so long as the Catholic cottiers and peasants are F. BURDETT'S Bill therefore be lost or carried, Mr. LITTLETON'S ought selves,' says Mr. Wakefield, in the place of a half-famished cottier, obliged to pay tithes for the support of a Protestant clergy. Place yourunanimously to pass. This part of the subject, we conceive, has no surrounded by a wretched family, clamorous for food, and judge what thing whatever to do with the great question of elective rights. By his feelings must be, when he sees the tenth part of the produce of his the abolition of an abuse which, under the guise of a privilege, only de- potatoe-garden exposed at harvest-time to public cant; or if (as is most grades, demoralizes, and impoverishes its possessors, we concede nothing common) he has given a promissory note for the payment of a certain sum to the enemies of Parliamentary Reform-we admit no precedent or of money, to compensate for such tithe, when it becomes due, to hear the pretext for the limitation of the right of suffrage. We consider the ex-heart-rending cries of his offspring clinging around him, and lamenting clusive exercise of that right by 40s. freeholders and borough-tenants, for the milk of which they are deprived by the cow's being driven to the as unjust and corrupt: we would extend the franchise to the poorest pound, to be sold to discharge the debt. Such accounts are not the peasant that could read; but then we would accompany that exten-creations of fancy; the facts do exist, and are but too common in Ireland. sion by the adoption of the secret ballot; we would give the humble voter a real choice-not burden him with a pretended privilege which the state of society converts into a degrading compulsion. I have seen the cow, the favourite cow, driven away, accompanied by the sighs, and tears, and imprecations of a whole family, who were paddling behind, through wet and dirt, to take their last affectionate farewell of this their only friend and benefactor, at the pound-gate. I have heard, with emotions I can scarcely describe, deep curses repeated from village to village, as the cavalcade proceeded. But let us reverse the picture, and behold the effects which are produced by oppression, when the load becomes so oppressive as to extinguish every sentiment in the breast but a desire of revenge. I have beheld at night houses in flames, and før a moment supposed myself in a country exposed to the ravages of war and the most alarming accounts of Thrashers and of Whiteboys have met suffering from the incursions of an enemy. On the following morning, my ears,-of men who had assembled with weapons of destruction, for the purpose of compelling people to swear not to submit to the payment of tithes. I have been informed of these oppressed people having, in the ebullition of their rage, murdered both proctors and collectors, wreaking their vengeance with every mark of the most savage barbarity.' With regard to the payment of the Catholic Clergy, that is a more difficult matter. Such payments would of course afford some pecuniary relief to the wretched peasants, whose religious feelings make their contributions to their priests necessary, even though they thereby diminish the food of their half-starved families. But then a provision from the British Government would violate a great principle, and certainly increase the injustice in theory, though it might diminish the present suffering of one class. The evil is not, that the Catholics pay their own clergy, which on the contrary every body of believers ought to do, but that they are tyrannously compelled to pay the Clergy of the Protestants. Now the remedy suggested would not touch the real grievance, but would create another-namely, that the people at large should be taxed to pay the Clergy of the Irish Catholics:-a sad The reasons which are urged by those who would have the Catholic thing this in a remedial proposition! Such a measure would seem to clergy paid out of any fund rather than by the Catholic peasants, are sanction, by acquiescence, the monstrous injustice of the Church of nevertheless weighty. "It is true (they say) that there already exist Ireland; and we do not know that even the relief it would afford the in Ireland funds more than enough for the payment of the ministers peasantry would be an unequivocal good, since it would tend to make of all religious sects; it is true, that the members of every sect ought them less discontented with a system so shocking and iniquitous, that to support their own clergy, and that the people of England will be they never ought to rest satisfied until it is removed. The Catholics wronged by being compelled to pay the Catholic priesthood;-but are oppressed by the payment of the Protestant Church; and it is here we have only a choice of evils. The church of Ireland will not proposed to relieve them by saddling the British people with the pay-surrender a penny of its shameful riches; the Irish peasant is consement of the Catholic Clergy! Can a Reformer approve this violation quently groaning under the double burthen of tithes to the Protestant of political decency, for the sake of a good by no means unequivocal? incumbent, and contributions to his own beloved priest. Though mers here should ha wil, equally w in principle therefore, it will be a practical charity and 1 and that the Rosa |