SPAIN.

(From the Stamford News.)

And when do the French quit Spain? Aye, that is a question that has been long and often asked, and I believe will be long and often asked again. After the subversion of the power of Napoleon, and when peace and order were about to be restored to that distracted kingdom, when the golden ages were to return, and nothing but peace and happiness were to reign under the blessed union of the Holy Alliance, we were then told that it was still necessary, for the purposes of ultimate tranquillity, to keep a few thousand troops in that rebellious and discontented country, in order to quiet the Buonaparte spirit which still unfortunately reigned amongst an inconsiderable part of its inhabitants, who could not yet fully discover the benefits they derived from the attempts of the French to re-establish their legitimate and beloved Sovereign, King Ferdinand, on his native throne; but that the term of those few thousands of French troops remaining there would be short, some few months perhaps, and certainly not one day longer than after the end proposed should be effectually accomplished. Not as Cobbett, in his last incomparable number, concerning the rag-fellows, and the flurry into which a Mr. Frederic Jones, of Bristol, put the whole corps of country practitioners by his positive demand of payment in gold, by his petition to Parliament, and by his threats of arrest; not as Cobbett, in the plenitude of his exultation at their distress, and at this actual completion of his gridiron prophecy, do I nearly fall into hysterics with laughing at the constant evasion of this important question for many successive years, and at the answer which has constantly been given to it by our Ministers. I am not of that sanguine, jovial temperament which is the lot of that great political writer: he has the happy and peculiar talent of laughing outright to public scorn and derision those acts of wickedness and hypocrisy which he judges worthy of exposure, and of making his readers join heartily with him. Mine be the lot to laugh inwardly, to regard with indescribable, but equal contempt and derision, this ten times repeated answer which Mr. Canning the other evening gave in his place in Parliament, to this ten times repeated question. They will leave France," said Mr. Canning, with the same solemnity and earnestness, as if the question had never yet been proposed to him, and as if he actually believed that his hearers thought he was perfectly sincere," they will quit that country as soon as ever the necessary purposes for which they were placed there, shall be accomplished. I can assure the Honourable House, that the Sovereigns, both of France and Spain, are equally anxious for the arrival of that period when the troops may be withdrawn with safety to the kingdom of Spain, and without the necessity of abstracting so much of its force from the French empire. France and Spain may now be considered as friendly powers, disposed to consult each other's interest; neither wishes to see a soldier of its own in the territories of its brother, and there really are not, all together, more than 30,000 of these French troops remaining in the whole Spanish dominions!" "Well, but," said somebody, with an impertinently long memory," that is the very same answer, Mr. Canning, that you have been giving us for the last eight years." "Aye, aye," replies the Minister," but now you may in good earnest depend upon it. Remember, I have said it; and circumstances have now so come about, that you need not doubt of Spain being speedily evacuated."

lified belief in their veracity. I firmly believe that each party would heartily rejoice in such a state of things as that the said forces might be withdrawn with safety: but alas, the construction which those Monarchs, and which we here in England,—that is, the honest democratical part of the kingdom,-are apt to apply the term safety, are different indeed. The governments of France and Spain are seriously and unequivocally desirous of withdrawing all French troops from the Spanish territory, of leaving that kingdom to be governed by its own laws, free from all foreign interference, and under the sole dominion of its own sovereign. They are sincere: but never will that event be accomplished, never will it be possible for Spain to be in safety, as long as the Bonaparte fever which, notwithstanding all efforts to subdue it, still rages inwardly throughout that country, as long as the headstrong and ruinous measures of the infatuated madman who rules over it, prevail, to the utter destruction of all hopes of order and tranquillity. At least so long, therefore, as the present sovereign of Spain lives, that blessed legitimate, who, I dare say, is, in the church-slang of Spain, denominated in higher terms than our most religious and gracious king,' whom we are bound to love, honour, and obey, as God's vice-gerent and representative here on earth, so long we may be assured that it will be necessary to keep a large French force in Spain; and therefore, our minister, the French minister, and the Spanish minister, may safely join in chorus, and with a sincerity that keeps the word of promise to the ear, but mocks it to the sense, that the moment the French troops can with safety be withdrawn from Spain, the moment the discontents still existing are quelled, the moment the whole people shall be reconciled to the wise and paternal government of King Ferdinand, and united as one flock under their royal shepherd, and that there shall be no danger of rebellious, wicked, antimonarchical notions spreading from that country into France; from that moment, French troops shall be withdrawn. And when will that be? Never,

Had it not been for that most violent, determined, and resolute interference of France, two years ago, to crush the Spanish revolution, when the patriots of that kingdom were endeavouring to create a reformed and rational Government, and had actually got Ferdinand in their power, ready to consent to all they proposed, Spain would at this moment have had the blessing of enjoying a Constitution very similar to the British, with a king limited within constitutional powers, a representative government, and a people restored from the lowest degree of humiliation and poverty to a comparative degree of happiness. But this would have been inconsistent with the ideas of absolute sovereignty, prevailing on the Continent. Aut Cæsar, aut nullus, is become the motto of the united tyranny. A free constitution and a limited monarchy are poison in their sight; they are mere diseases in the sublime and holy system of sovereignty, and it is their unquestionable object and desire to root out such irregularities from the face of the earth. It is for this reason that they cordially hate England; that in all their holy assemblies and conspiracies, they have shewn such a marked contempt and disregard for the interests and honour of England, and have even wished to omit her from the band of their communion. She is, in their opinion, an ugly blotch upon the fair body of pure monarchy. Hence, they would not suffer Spain to become democratical and corrupt as England: hence was the Duke of Angouleme furnished with powers unlimited to crush the rising spirit of democratic and limited Now in justice to the Minister, in justice to all those who monarchy in Spain, and the cordon sanitaire was resorted to, have from time to time asserted that the French forces under the pretence of guarding the people of France from the would be withdrawn as soon as with safety they might be, infection of the plague, when the real purpose was to protect and that both the French and Spanish Governments were them from the pestilential influence of democracy. The equally desirous of that event, I express my full and unqua-present King of France, the once gay and dissipated Compte

d'Artois, once known to all the courtezans of London, and then behold it is a combination, an illegal conspiracy, punishwhose very name was a synonym for sensuality and liberti-able by fine and imprisonment, and perchance the tread-mill! nism, is now as Charles X., the very model of high morality, What is more worthy of being set at rest than this question, and the most severe maintainer of kingly rights, and of all my Lord Liverpool? We find that the broad silk weavers of the duties and requisitions of Holy Mother Church: he Spitalfields had twice written to the Chairman of the compositively out-Herods Herod; his brother, old Louis XVIII., mittee of the House of Commons, praying that they might be himself sufficiently zealous, is not to be compared with him. examined, and that no answer had been returned! and that It seems as if he intended, by his present austerities, to make petitions to the same effect were presented from that most amends for his former relaxation. In this conduct he coin- numerous body of artificers, the ladies' journeymen boot and cides exactly with his legitimate brethren of the Holy Com- shoemakers of London and Westminster; from the shipwrights munion and in this principle of abhorring the very name of on the river Thames; from the power loom weavers of Mandemocracy, all interference of the people with the sublime chester; from the calico printers of Essex, Middlesex, and mysteries of government, they all so firmly agree, that we Surrey; and from the operative cotton spinners of Glasgow. may be assured not a French soldier will be withdrawn from We trust that the most noble House will condescend some Spain, so long as there exists an apprehension that a miasma answer to these useful and meritorious supplicants, and before of the democratic disease prevails in that country; and yet they separate for the season to enjoy their pleasures and luxathat Mr. Canning was perfectly correct, and true to the letter, ries. There is in fact great neglect where we are taught to as he usually is, when he so speciously averred, that to his expect that the most assiduous attention prevails as to subjects knowledge, their majesties, both of France and Spain, would of internal polity. It was asserted by Lord Darnley, that be happy in the arrival of that moment when the French even the Lord Chancellor was ignorant of the existence of troops could with safety be withdrawn. Meanwhile, remem- this law having become so last session. If it were so, and ber, Old England, that France and Spain, notwithstanding we dare not doubt it, we have only to observe, that, if its the farces of coronation, and the transmission of friendly passing had contributed to the old gentleman's fees, he would envoys, are thy deadly enemies; that they are now linked in not have forgotten it.-Stamford News. a bond of union, which is more than ever formidable to thy interests; that Spain is become, in plain truth, a mere province of France, and that in case of a war,-which may God in his infinite goodness be pleased to avert!-thou wilt find this occupuncy by a few thousand French soldiers of the Spanish kingdom, a fatal occurrence which thou mayest have reason to lament to the latest period of thy existence.-Stamford News.

COMBINATION LAWS.

We beg leave to call the attention of our readers, and the public in general, to that honest declaration made by Lord Liverpool in the House of Lords on Monday, that a bill of a very important nature had passed in the preceding session of parliament, of which he was entirely ignorant till it had become a law! If an enemy of the noble lord had presumed to assert this of him, we should have ventured to charge him with falsehood, with downright scandalum magnatum. What! a bill to have passed the legislature, to have received the king's assent, to have become a law of the realm, and the principal member of his Majesty's councils, a statesman in the highest seat of authority, not know of its existence? Yet thus the reporters, who are admitted to the actual hearing of their lordships' interlocutions, affirm, Lord Liverpool to have spoken! The inadvertence, or incuria, of his lordship is the more remarkable too, as the subject of discussion regarded no less a matter than the Combination Laws, which affect the relation of master and servant throughout all the infinite classes of manufacturers in this country, and are vital with respect to trade and commerce; and we are of opinion, that, much as his lordship's attention has been attracted to other subjects, foreign and domestic, he could not have found one more deserving his most serious consideration. Talk as he will, there is great difference still observable between the powers and privileges 'conceded in this kingdom of England, to the rich and the poor. The masters, we mean the great inanufacturers, or the principals in a business, meet, consult, and concert measures for their own interests, without fear of prohibition or interference; they promulgate their resolutions, and they announce their will and pleasure to abide by them; and these are called regular associations, or meetings of the masters, by which they directly invade the rights of their workmen, and lower their wages, according to their own standard of justice and equity. But when the workmen meet, and assert their own rights, when they resist these proclamations of the masters,

POSTSCRIPT.

MONDAY, JULY 11.

M. Hyde de Neuville's dismissal from the Portuguese embassy is viewed by our correspondents with no common surprise-not because he is a determined Royalist, and still less because of his being a stickler for the charter-but on account of a circumstance which in our minds, we confess, creates no feeling of astonishment. It is affirmed that only three days before he received his congé, the King said to him at a private audience-" My dear Neuville, my late brother was only a king to you, but I am your friend, your sincere friend: I mean to prove it to you in the manner the most unquestionable, and am now employed in considering how I can amend your position." To which the ex-Ambassador replied-" Sire, I don't pretend to disguise from your Majesty that I voted last session against the laws introduced by your Ministers: in my heart and conscience I found them to be bad measures; and I am not accountable to any other tribunal for my actions as a Deputy. I should have been most happy to find myself in the wrong; but I was compelled to vote as I did."-" My dear Neuville," rejoined the condescending Charles X., "I but esteem you the more, and am the more obliged to you; nor shall I ever complain of such honourable conduct." Three days afterwards, the conscientious M. Neuville was sent about his business: but what is there wonderful in that?

FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIS, July 8.-Five per Cents. 103. 20.; 4 per Cents. 103. 20.; 3 per Cents. 76. 10.; Bank Stock, 2,175.; Neapolitan Rentes (Certif. Falconnet) 89.35.; Rente d'Espagne, 174.; Royal Spanish Loan, 53. Exchange on London, one month, 25.; three ditto, 24. 85.-Cours Authentique.

It is rumoured that the Portuguese Minister has made an application to our Government, to put in force the Foreign Enlistment Bill against Lord Cochrane. At the present moment, when efforts are making to restore peace between Portugal and Brazil, such an application reflects no credit on the judgment of the party by whom it is made. We are assured that Lord Cochrane, in his passage to this country, might have made prize of several Portuguese vessels, but allowed them to pass, from a desire not to impede the restoration of peace.-Evening Paper.

The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed from the
Returns made in the Week ending July 6, 1825, is 37s. 10d. per
Hundred Weight, exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or payable Printed for Samuel Leigh, 18 Strand, and Baldwin and Co. Paternoster-row.
thereon on the Importation thereof into Great Britain.

No. 911. MONDAY, JULY 18, 1825.

THE POLITICAL EXAMINER.

Party is the madness of many for the gain of a few.-Pere.

THE LONDON UNIVERSITY AND THE "SMUTTY
GAZETTE."

Christianity will never admit, that a good general education, and th expansion of mind to which it leads, are unfavourable to religious impressions! Nothing in fact can be a greater reflection on Christianity itself, than such an admission; and certainly those must be accounted its greatest enemies, who, like the foul-mouthed wretch we have noticed, in a blind eagerness to heap abuse upon whatever tends to improve and ennoble mankind, give rise to inferences equally degrading and pernicious to the faith they pretend to uphold.

It is quite natural that the more impudent among the corrup tionists, who hate and dread moral light as much as certain reptiles do the light of day, should decry every plan for the better education GROSS PERVERSION OF LAW AND JUSTICE. of the people, and endeavour to deter the timid by abuse from its support. A creature of this kind, which deposits its slime once a On the 13th of May last, Jons CHRISTOPHER, shopman to Mr. week in a notorious vehicle, after torturing its poor brains for a Carlile in Fleet-street, had his pocket picked at night, by a woman mekname for the new London University, puts forth the very novel named Elizabeth Harpur, of his watch, chain, and seals. He gave inand ingenious one of Cockney College. The miserable toad-eater is formation to the police, and in a day or two the woman was apprehimself so innately vulgar, that he stupidly attributes vulgarity to ended and carried before a magistrate. It was also discovered that every thing in his own neighbourhood. Affecting to think it genteel the property had been pledged by her mother, Eliza Naron, who had to drive four-in-hand and commit a daily debauch at Oxford or sold the duplicate for five shillings to a person by whom the articles Cambridge, or to quit London during a certain week in the travelling the women were committed to prison; and the trial of Hapur for the were redeemed, and in whose possession they then remained. Both carriage of some lord, who takes him to his country-seat for the same reason as the feudal princes carried a buffoon about with them, he felony came on at the Old Bailey before Mr. Serjeant Arabin. The qualifies every thing permanently connected with this great metro-prosecutor having stated the circumstances, the following extraorpolis, however enlarged and intellectual its object, as cockneyish After this attempt to sneer, with marvellous consistency he denounces the new University as the result of a deep design to overturn the religion and government, of the country! Hear how he sounds the tocsin for all loyal and pious people :

It is madness for people to blind themselves to the consequences of such an histstution-let them look at the Continent, let them see that Coiversities in cities are the places in which all political tumults originate --let them consider the results of an education which is to expand and excite the minds of an underbred cockney population, unrestrained by religious instruction."

on an

66

We should imagine, that the prudent Tories will not thank the slanderous sycophant for his allusion to the Continent. That political discontent is generated in the Universities of Germany, is certain; and the simple reason is, that the more people know, the more they dislike abuses and oppression ;-but will the landers of our "matchless Constitution" allow a comparison between the Continental despotisms and our limited monarchy? Will they be pleased to see it insinuated, that the enlightenment which causes discontent under arbitrary power, would equally cause it under a just and mild government? The Courier and New Times cannot but reprobate this unlucky allusion. We are also quite at a loss to understand how the danger will be increased, because the education is to be bestowed underbred cockney population." [Fine word, that "underbred!" especially as applied by a profligate vulgar jester to the numerous and intelligent class occupying the middle rank in this vast metropolis, And what does it mean, beyond a stupid slang of contempt? Would not "under-crust" be as much to the purpose?] An essential part of "cockneyism" is ignorance, and the self-conceit conscquent upon narrow views, both moral and physical. Education will necessarily correct these defects: our ultra-genteel sneerer is therefore decrying the very means that will remove the danger and incapacity which he asserts attach to an "underbred cockney population." Ilis final objection is equally profound: the cockney population will, he says, be “unrestrained by religious instruction." How so? The London University intending to be a real university, not a sectarian-schoolwill not meddle with religious matters-will not exclude elever twelfths of the population, in order that it may gratify the remaining twelfth by mixing up peculiar dogmas of faith with Latin and Mathe matics. But the population will be neither more nor less “unrestrained by religious instruction," than at present, in consequence of the new University. The parents and connections of the students will do as they do now, in regard to their religious tuition.

If some

of them, who are now "unrestrained," continue so, it will at leas: be better that they should be educated in other respects, than that they should be totally ignorant. And surely the prudent advocates of

The objection, that because religious instruction is not given at the University, therefore the students will be unrestrained" by religious feelings, is about as absurd as it would be to object to a gymnastic school-(and by the way we are gratified to hear there is to be one

dinary examination was entered into by the Court and Jury:--
Serjeant Arabin-What is your name?
Witness John Christopher.
Serj. A.-Where do you live?
Witness-At 84 Fleet street.
Serj A—What is your business?
Witness-Clerk to a bookseller.

Serj What is your employer's name?
Witness-
-Mr. Carlile.

Juror.-Do you believe in the Book you have sworn on-I mean the truth of the Book?

Witness do not.

Juror -You do not believe in the truth of the Gospels, then?
Witness-No, I do not.

Juror (to the Court) I fear, my lord, his evidence is inadmissible.
Serjeant Arabin.-Do you believe in a future state?
Witness --My lord, I do,

Serjeant Arabin-(after consulting with Messrs. Law and Phillips the harristers) Do you believe in a future state as regards rewards and punishments?

Witness.-I do not, my lord.

Serjeant Arabin-Such being the case, I must necessarily acquit the prisoner, as her life or liberty is at stake.

The witness then addressed the Court, and observed, that his evidence was admissible, inasmuch as, in the case of Rhodes, Mrs. Wright, when she was questioned as to her belief in the Jewish books, and refused to satisfy the Court on that head, was nevertheless told by the Judge, that although she did not believe in the book on which she had been sworn, she was equally amenable to the laws of her country, and would be punished, if she perjured herself. Witness was proceeding to argue this point, when the Judze stopped him, observing that surely the Court knew better than he did the nature of precedents. The prisoner was consequently acquitted, and her mother discharged without trial. The purchaser of the watch however, on the recommmendation of Mr. Arabin, and of Mr. Wontner the City Marshal, restored it to the witness.

The extreme absurdity as well as injustice of this proceeding, requires little comment from us. The manly avowal which afforded the best possible evidence of the witness' rigid love of truth, is here made the pretence of refusing to believe him on his oath in other words, because his word ought clearly to be taken, his oath is refused! The menstrous doctrine is enforced, that because a man does not think his Creator will subject him to eternal torments for the sin of false

at the new college)-that exercises on the psalms and the Ipany were not interspersed with those on the bars and poles, in the daily lessons. The simple answer to all such jargon is, that the two kinds of instruction are essentially distinct. Far from impeding religious teaching however, general education, by inducing habits of reading and reflection, must rather aid rational religion; while the very fact of the mixing together in daily classes youths of many regions denominations, will teach the finest and highest part of true Christianity-that CHARITY which its Founder expressly declared to be "greater than Faith,"