Wheat, red Old.. White, new ... Old.. 41s. 11d.-Beans, 45s. 10d.-Peas, 45s. 10d." Wheat per Quarter, 69s. 1d.-Barley, 40s, 7d.-Oats, 26s. 10d.—Rye, SMITHFIELD, SEPT. 5. Beef is selling this morning at 5s. to 5s. 2d. per stone for best cattle, and 45. 6d. to 4s10d. Mutton has not varied since last Market day; and Veal is full as good as we last quoted. Lamb is firm as last quoted. Pork is rather worse. and an end, we might say, was made of one rebellion out of ... Beef Beasts To sink the Offal-per Stone of 8lbs. Veal.. Lamb 5s. 4d. to 6s. 2d. HEAD OF CATTLE THIS DAY. 2328 20,860 Pigs ...... PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW. 5s. 6d. to 6s. 4d. 5s. 6d. to 6s. 6d. 100 217 £2. 0s, to £2, 85. CURIOUS SEIZURE.-Travellers in the silk and riband trade should be cautious how they proceed to sea with their goods in pursuing their journeys from place to place. Two gentlemen lately left Brighton in luggers from Hastings; but in consequence of the wind becoming shy, they were obliged to land at Sleaford; and in consequence of having merchandise unaccompanied by any official documents, the whole were, on being landed, seized by Lieut. Clayton, R.N. belonging to the Coast Blockade, and conveyed to the Custom house, New-Domestic Occurrences, arranged under the several Counties. haven. The ribands have since been restored, on proof submitted that they were British. The other goods, consisting of silk scarfs, shawls, handkerchiefs, and gloves, have been sent to the King's warehouse, London, for examination, as the articles are of such superior make that they more resemble foreign manufacture than British; and their being landed from sea carried a suspicion that such was the case, notwithstanding the parties to whom the goods belong are too respectable to be thought capable of smuggling. No such seizure was ever recollected to have been made here before; and no doubt travellers will prefer coming by land in future instead of water, particularly as a week's detention is of consequence to the sale of such articles. THE NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE, for September 1, contains, among various other interesting articles:I. My Books, No. 1. The Menagiana-II. Men, Women, and Nimmen; or, a New Sex discovered-III. Coronation of Charles X. and of the Kings of Dawtrey-IV. On the Old School of Dress V. London Lyrics; The Maiden's Lament-VI. Grimm's Ghost, No. 26; Anti-Out-of-Town Company-VII. Embellishments of London-VIII. The Lion Fight-IX. The Family Journal, No. 9; Conversation of Swift and Pope-X. Provincial Ballads, No. 3; The Legend of the Copleston Oak-XI. Russian Travelling Sketches, No. 2-XII. Letters from Rome, No. 4-XIII. Burning of Moscow-XIV. The Rubicon-XV. The Ten Thousand at the Sacred Fount Culprit-XVIII. Vallombrosa, Camaldoni, and La Verna-XIX. Ulla; or, the XVI. Anthony and Cleopatra, an Anecdote; by L. E. L.-XVII. The Universal Adjuration-XX. Penn, More, and Sir W. Temples a Dialogue-XXI. The Lady of the Castle-XXII. Review of New Publications-XXIII. The Drama; Quite Correct-Tarrare-XXIV. London Exhibitions-XXV. Varieties, Literary and Philosophical-XXVI. Useful Arts-XXVII. Rural Economy XXVIII. Biographical Notices of Distinguished Persons lately deceased-XXIX. Reports, Literary, Meteorological, and Commercial-XXX. Political Events-XXXI. Published and sold by Henry Colburn, 8 New Burlington street (removed from Conduit street); Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; and may be exported to Friends abroad, by application to the General Post Office, or any local Postmaster. Several coveys of partridges have been observed lately coming from France, and it is supposed that the shooting season having commenced there, the birds have taken flight at the noise of the guns, and sought refuge in our cliffs. Several have been picked up in an exhausted state at Canterbury. 3 per Cent. Consols, 8718. 34 per Cent. 957. New 4 per Cent. 1822, 1004. Consols for 873154. LONDON MARKETS. Just published, in 8vo. price 8s. boards. REMARKS on the LEGALITY and EXPEDIENCY of THE TWO CONCLUDING VOLUMES of the WORKS of the EDITION of the Works now in circulation. Persons possessing Editions of the Works issued before the later Pieces were written, should, in their orders to their Booksellers to complete them, specify what Editions they have, how many volumes, and what is the last poem or play. The following POEMS may be had separately, as at first published:1. The AGE of BRONZE; or Carmen Seculare et Annus haud Mirabilis. 2. The ISLAND; or Christian and his Comrades. 3. The DEFORMED TRANSFORMED; a Drama. DR. FOTHERGILL'S TONIC FEMALE PILLS.-These Pills CORN EXCHANGE, SEPT. 5, 1825. Supplies since last Monday moderate. Old Wheat as last quoted; New Samples 28. cheaper. Barley 3s. 4d. lower. Beans and Peas rather dearer; and Oats dull at last Monday's prices. No alteration intressing affections, as Oppression of Spirits, Head-aches, Loss of Appetite, Flour. Indigestion, Spasms, Tremors, Fainting Fits, and Debility or Relaxation of the system. In bottles at 4s. 6d.; 11s.; and 22s. WORKS published last week by LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, THE HISTORY of CHIVALRY; or Knighthood and its Times. and he has executed it with equal learning, fidelity, and elegance."-Monthly "We involuntarily follow, and smile, and weep, and recover again, and pause in wonder at the skill of the magician whose wand has such strange influence over our faculties."-Monthly Review. MODERATION; a Tale. By Mrs Hofland, Author of the "Son of a Genius," &c. in 1.vol.. 12mo. price 6s, boards, with frontispiece. 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To be com ASYLUM COMPANY, 70 Cornhill, London, and Exchange-street their being informed of the proceeding, the attention of the Managers has been of incompetency to comply with the forms usually required, this Company grants The following extracts from the Tables of Premiums will serve to illustrate the Rates in particular cases.-The full Tables, having been calculated from materials collected at great expence, for the sole use of the Asylum Company, will not, for obvious reasons, be published. for Seven Years, and FOR SEVEN YEARS ONLY, Age. First Year's JAnn. FOR THE WHOLE TERM OF LIFE Premium. Premium for next 6 yrs. Age. 9 10 1 0 10 30 1 12 5 1 4 5 30 35 115 6 8383 83835 First Year's £1 18 0 225 27 11 2 14 1 Medical Officers have been appointed in the principal Provincial Towns, to save the necessity of personal appearance before the Board of Directors. 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In this preparation exorbitant rate of premium; as the Directors have procured, at great expense, are concentrated all the Medicinal Properties of the Sarsaparilla Root, event to a perfect saturation of the Menstruum with which it is prepared. To such persons, therefore, who, from various causes, would experience great inconvenience, or with whom it would be utterly impossible to prepare the Decoction, the Fluid Extract, which possesses the advantages of portability and of keeping in any climate, will be found a most desirable mode of employing this muchesteemed Medicine.-The diseases in which it has proved pst beneficial are those of the Skin, such as the Scorbutic Affections, Eruptive seases, Secondary Symptoms, &c. arising from a diseased state of the system at large. It is taken in water, rendering it of the same strength as the Decoction.-Sold in bottles, at 4s. 6d., 78. 6d., and 208. by Butler, Chemist, 4 Cheapside, St. Paul's; Savory and Co. 136 New Bond street, London; and by the principal Druggists throughout the United Kingdom; of whom may be had BUTLER'S CITRATED KALI, a preparation for making Saline Draughts, recommended by the Profession for its convenience and certainty. In bottles, at 2s. 9d., 48. 6d., 8s. 6d., and 20s.-Ask for Butler's Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. THE POLITICAL EXAMINER. Party is the madness of many for the gain of a few.-POPE. EARLY CLOSING OF SHOPS. THERE are some persons absurd and callous enough to oppose the attempt now making to get the shops of the linen-drapers, &c. closed at a reasonable hour, and to procure the young men employed in them a little time for improvement and recreation. We have no patience with such uncharitable beings, particularly when they mount the Bible at the head of their unchristian columns. If the opposition came only from a few old women, who invariably think every youth a profligate, or from the most drivelling of Methodists, who call a playhouse "the hot-bed of SATAN," we should content ourselves with a laugh at the incurables; but when we find men who pretend to edit daily journals putting forth repeated tirades against a reform so much called for by reason and humanity, we feel something more than contempt. Above all, when we observe a wretch, himself notoriously idle and profligate, sneering at and abusing a numerous class of his fellowcreatures, and predicting that they will misuse the little leisure now asked for them, we experience a sensation of disgust and irritation. The unfeeling railers we have alluded to, first beg the question against the shopmen, and denounce them in the lump as an idle, impertinent, and dissolute set. That this character is grossly false, most London have the means of knowing. We deny that, as a class, they merit the description, or that they are at all lower in morality and good manners than any other body of men working for their support. Do their calumniators reflect, that such an accusation strikes equally at the tradesmen of the metropolis, who (with rarely an exception) have all been apprentices or shopmen themselves-that is, according to the logic of the Smutty Gazette, have led a vicious and lazy life until 25 or 30 years of age? We shall not however waste more consideration on charges so vague and sweeping; for even if they were true, they make for our argument, instead of against it. If the large body of young men in question, taken mostly from the middle class of the community, deserve the character given them by their enemies of lazy and profligate, can there be a stronger fact against the system which renders them so? For we presume not even Theodore himself will maintain, that "original sin" is the cause of their vice, or that they come into their employment corrupted in heart. We are quite ready to admit, that the shopmen are less industrious and moral than they would be under a better system. Human nature cannot be ill-treated with impunity. It is cruel and scandalous to confine young persons for 14, 16, or 18 hours a day in a close and often unwholesome atmosphere; and it cannot therefore be advantageous to any party. The declaimers against the shopmen (judging we suppose from their own impurity) say-Release them at an earlier hour, and they will spend the time gained in the saloons, the taverns, the brothels. But the probability is just the reverse. Let a young man leave his employment at 8 or 9 o'clock, and he will generally join his acquaintances in some social amusement suited to his stinted finances: parties will be formed in summer to make excursions in neighbouring places, in winter to see a play at half price, to attend lectures, classes for learning languages, reading or debating clubs, &c. At all events, there is time for such pursuits; but if the hour of quitting business be 10, 11, or 12, what innocent pleasure or useful object can he pursue? Exhausted in body and mind, after his long day, he is in every respect prepared to yield to those temptations and snatch those vicious indulgences which surround him at late hours, almost to the exclusion of harmless pleasures. In a word, too much business leaves neither inclination nor opportunity for healthful amusement, and the over-worked frame requires excessive stimulants; while a moderate leisure gives scope and relish for wholesome and useful recreation-conduces to social pleasure rather than to solitary-and tends to enlarge the mind as well as to strengthen the body. Why should not the apprentices and shopmen of linen-drapers make as good use of their evenings as the mechanics and artizans who go from work to their scientific institutions, or to cheap coffee-houses to read newspapers and books? To our minds, the very endeavour they are now making to obtain a mitigation of their excessive confinement, affords a presumption in favour of their sincere desire to share in the growing cultivation of intellect which distinguishes the age. To refuse them the opportunity would be inhuman; and it could not be withheld long; for it is impossible that, in the improving state of society, so important and improvable a class be long kept in the cruel servitude and consequent ignorance in which the present unwise system now holds them. And even on the merest money-getting principle, no master possessing common sense can doubt, that by a more humane and rational prowork done; and it needs no reasoning to prove, that if the plan of portion of work and leisure, he would get better workmen, and more earlier hours be but generally adopted, the tradesmen will really gain by the reform. TO THE EDITOR OF THE EXAMINER. SIR,-The interest that has been excited by the discussion of the advantage and propriety of closing the shops of linen-drapers, &c. has extended in every direction. It is a well-known fact, that many respectable young men in London are in the shop at six o'clock in the morning, and remain toiling behind the counter till one and two the next morning: and it is equally true, though not so generally known, that when released from business their anticipations of rest and comfort are destroyed by being obliged to make their domicile in the shop, seeking unhealthy repose upon a miserable and dirty hammock drawn from the counter and spread haling the noxious vapours left floating in the shop after the extinguishon the floor, where the weariness of nature is farther oppressed by inment of two or three gas-lights. This brilliant discovery has hurried many an unsuspecting being to the shades of eternal night. There is, however, no light equal to a gas-light, and I am extremely sorry that the inconsiderate inhumanity of many employers should force the condemnation of a discovery which their shopmen would otherwise reasonably admire. Having suffered severely myself from this mephitic oppression, I seldom view the brilliant gas-light without unpleasant associations. Being a shopman, and not a principal, I address myself to my fellownot be entirely useless. It is a custom with many young men to leave labourers with the hope that the observations I am about to make will all the undoubled and opened articles of the day till a certain hour in the evening, which is called clearing up time: this is a bad plan, and the only defence I ever heard made for it is, that if you fold or tie the goods up and put them in their proper places, they may be wanted again, and this occasions double trouble. The chances are however against this supposition, and even should the articles be wanted again, it is much easier to take them from their respective places than to find them amid thus left, they are seldom in a fit state to place before the customer. A the confusion on the counter. When goods are found that have been clear stage is applicable to drapery as well as to other professions, and dishonesty is by this precaution often baulked of its " handy work." have always, thanks to my instructor, followed the plan of clearing up aa intervals, and thus prevented many a late hour in the shop. Still there are many employers who defeat all the exertions of their young men by a pertinacious obstinacy of keeping open their shops till a certain hour. They seem determined to put the injunction of OVID. into full force, by removing the temptations of leisure, that the bow of Cupid may lose its effect." I hope however that they will likewise receive a check, by the wholesome operations of an Act of Parliament. A shopman has no. right to complain of the tediousness or capricious humour of a customer, I am sure the good-natured would be unwilling to give vexations trouble, and the fidgetty part of the fair sex would find it do their nerves no harm to be received by a smile rather than by apprehensive The manners of shop visitants are generally matter for discussion after they are gone, and impressions thus made are seldom erased from the memory. Many an apprentice and a shopman feel the greatest pleasure in waiting upon certain individuals; the suavity of one smile or one polite observation smoothes away the rough index of recollection, and calls every attentive quality into immediate exercise. 66 yet Great Marlow. A SHOPMAN. LABOUR IN THE MANUFACTORIES: SIR, I am, like most of your Correspondents, your constant reader, and generally, I may say, Admirer. My friends tell me, if I venture to address so formidable a person as you are, I shall be most unmercifully cut in pieces; but I have so strong a desire to ask you a question or two, that I cannot refrain; you who feel so forcibly for the drapers, the lace makers, and the milliners, will not surely blame one so deeply connected with the question as I am, for troubling you. It seems, from my own feelings, that the employers of the above oppressed persons would like, one and all, to ask you, who show such sensibility,-How many hours each day you have the conscience, by yourself or agents, to employ the ing generally. Also tell us candidly the hours your domestic servants persons who print the Examiner? Let us extend the question to Print labour, and what time they have for recreation? What is the temperature your Cook is exposed to, within a few feet of an immense fire, in your underground apartment, almost excluded from the light of the Sun ? higher orders; but when the habits of a host of Noble Dukes, Marquisses, Earls, Viscounts, Lords, and Baronets, are as notoriously vicious and debasing as the "Hells" and Houses they support and haunt,we are compelled to believe that the Eulogist in John Bull has been led, in his honest zeal for Rank and Title, to overlook the modest virtues of the Middle Classes. Also the dreadful change she has frequently to feel in entering the damp scullery-where the kitchen-maid stands shivering for hours together? This, Sir, is a species of Slavery far worse than is to be found in Factories-and where is there a family of any respectability in which it is not encouraged? What are our working-hours in Factories compared with theirs-we 11 or 12-they 17 or 18. A revolution in society must take place before it will be better-I am only anxious that the Factories should not sustain more than their share of blame in common We may perhaps be partial observers; but a case occurred a short with servitude generally. As to the drapers and milliners requiring time back in the Sheriff's' Court, that affords an example of conduct time for intellectual improvements, it sounds well enough, but alas in High Life, which we do think it would be difficult to match in the it is humbug; and I shall be much deceived, if the time granted tends to Lowest. It was that of SULLIVAN . SULLIVAN. The Son of a increase the morality of the age. I am a Master of a Silk Manufactory; "highly connected" individual, a 66 Right Honourable," falls in love our people work 11 hours; but so far from being exhausted, they are with the daughter of his father's huntsman (as we are informed, a always anxious (for a small increase of wages), to work overtime, and handsome and respectably educated girl); he persists in paying his without the use of cane or other punishment (save a stoppage of rewards), we find they work as well the last hour as the first-and I think And what follows? The Son of the Right Honourable, himself an addresses to her, introduces her to his sisters, and finally marries her. it would puzzle your readers in ours, or the many Silk Mills I have visited, to find the unhealthy, unhappy beings you speak of. Notwith- Honourable, associates with his Wife a brief month, and then, substanding all you and your pressing brethren are doing to raise the Huemitting to his Right Honourable Father's wishes, abandons his and Cry against the Factories, let me tell you, the fault is not with the unhappy victim for ever! So situated, the forsaken woman consents Masters, but with the Public and Government. The first, by seeking to a deed of separation, in which she agrees not to molest her the cheapest shops for purchasing the various articles they require-let Honourable" Husband, and he engages to allow her to act as if she them consider that these cheap articles cannot be made at the price, had never been led to the altar. Thus discarded after a four weeks without grinding the poor. I wish, Sir, you would say a word on this intercourse, and for no cause but that of humble birth,-in the very growing evil-by so doing, you would strike at the root of the complaint prime of life, and wanting more than ever a consoler and protector, for the effects you speak of are caused by the cheap and underselling she finds both in a Gentleman, who sees in her qualities which promise system. The generality of the labourers and artisans cannot, at the present high prices of provisions, high rents and heavy taxes, keep to make him a happy man. The law will not allow their marriagethemselves and families with less than 13 or 14 hours per day hard they live however together as man and wife-and the union is cemented labour and when the Manufacturers can control these things, then, if by offspring-when, after a lapse of nine years, an action is commenced they alter not, let them bear the blame. But when work is light and by her Honourable Spouse, on the ground of the injury he has suscomfortable, as in most Factories, I do not see any hardship should they tained by her criminal conduct;-he has moreover the astounding work 12 hours. A word as to beating-I disapprove and find it unne assurance to ask for large damages, in order to facilitate the procurecessary--but are not the sons of our Gentry flogged at most of the public ment of a divorce-and to our utter surprise, twelve men were found schools-aye, and more disgracefully, with rods? Winchester College in London, who considered it just and decent and moral and I will name for one place, where I know it is so. Will you not now say, Mr Editor, that Cotton Factories are not the religious-("Those whom God has joined, let no man put asunder") -to reward him for his past and encourage him in his future proonly places where the poor are exposed to great heats-and that lacemakers are not the only children corporal punishment is exercised on? ceedings, by giving him Five Hundred Pounds damages! I am, Sir, respectfully yours, FAIR PLAY. [We believe that the hours which Printers usually labour do not exceed ten; and ourCorrespondent should remember,that they obtain a reasonable remuneration for their services.-As for Domestics, does FAIR PLAY seriously maintain, that the females employed in Factories,-who get a pittance for their week's drudgery which can hardly procure them the common necessaries of life, are better off than household servants, who are for the most part well lodged, well fed, and well clothed? Those employed as Cooks, of whose sufferings FAIR PLAY has drawn such a glowing picture, are proverbially "fat" and what are termed "comfortable-looking" personages; and as for the Kitchen-maids who are said to stand shivering for hours in damp sculleries-is not our Correspondent's description a little overcharged?-It is quite true, that female domestics have not much time at their own disposal; but they are not ill-paid, and are certainly not injured in their health by excessive labour in unwholesome places. Of the poor little helpless children, who, deprived of fresh air and necessary recreation, are wasting away by thou sands in the heated rooms of the factories, our Correspondent is wholly silent: and certainly, if a "constant reader" of our paper could defend this part of the manufacturing system, we should begin to suspect that our labours at least had been most deplorably inefficient.-Examiner.] Better word than corporeal, because more military. HIGH-LIFE MORALITY. Mr Theodore Hook asserts that the Morality of the Higher Orders is even superior to that of the Middle Classes, and far beyond that of the Lower; but we cannot help suspecting that this great authority has formed his judgment from a partial observation of the select few. He has, we imagine, fixed his loyal eye upon that very highest circle, in which the Majesty of England moves with equal grace and purity. But is this a fair sample? Without doubt, if the nobility and gentry at large led such dignified, retired, chaste, spotless, and, if we may so speak, alabaster lives, as our most gracious Sovereign, their Royal Highnesses of York and Clarence, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, the Venerable Marquis of Headfort, &c. then indeed Mr Hook might safely insist on the superior morality of the And yet see how a writer in the Edinburgh Review speaks of this very highest class:"-" It is at least abundantly evident, that, in grossness of idea, in coarseness of expression, in a familiarity with thoughts that are impure, and a proneness to make those thoughts the subject of conversation, in language alike degrading to the speaker and the hearer, the very highest class of all approaches closely to the lowest of the vulgar." Now, we very humbly submit, that no man in Middle Life-none but a person "highly connected"-one of the Corinthian Pillars of Polished Society,”-in a word, the Son of a "Right Honourable," would have dared a course like this, and, so daring, would have turned round upon the ill-treated party with charges of criminal conduct, and called upon the astonished public to consider him an injured person! Where is the " equal justice" of all this ?-How is the advanced, by this application of legal power? No; it is cruelty and "weaker sex" protected or crime punished, or morality or religion barefaced oppression in every stage. The interests of women under the laws of England,-laws which men both make and administer, are too often shamefully violated; and the consequence is, unhappiness to all parties,-to the strong oppressor and to the weak oppressed; for whatever the law of man may be, it cannot change the law of Nature, which ordains that, in some way or other, the doers of evil shall be the sufferers of evil. The experience of all ages proves, that those who are the most tempted This is one sample of the superior Morality of the Higher Orders! will fall the oftenest; that those who possess the most frequent opportunities of sensual enjoyment, will lead the most sensual lives; for one indulgence demands another, until the power of self-controul,without which there can be little virtue of any sort-is utterly subdued; the man becomes the slave instead of the master of his desires; ment ;" and thus "bathed in wicked bliss and wanton joy," the his whole life passes in a soul-subduing career, miscalled "enjoy. voluptuary, feeble in body, feeble in mind, drags on an unsatisfied and wretched existence, for "to be weak is to be miserable;" so, after running his vapid and comfortless career-useless, unrespected, disreputable, he dies unregretted, leaving his titles and "honours," his example and his infirmities, to the Right Honourable Son, who in his turn becomes "the tenth transmitter of a foolish face," unless indeed an accident occurs to mend the breed, by some maternal slip not recorded in the chaste annals of the Ecclesiastical Courts! Notorious therefore as are the habits of the "Upper Orders," a Court Judge, like the late Lord Ellenborough, may talk as he pleases about "the imputed vices of the Great," and a Court Scribe, like Mr Hook, may write his pen to a stump in praise of their superior morality, the legal and the literary sycophants only expose themselves and their patrons the more by their ill-judged endeavours. Admitting, as we fully admit, that in such a body there are many honourable exceptions, we are satisfied, that, as a class, an equally frivolous, heartless, insolent, and sensual body does not exist under the sun; a class in which the extreme of what is contemptible and pernicious is oftener found than in any other; in which we see daily examples of "Meanness that soars, and pride that licks the dust;" Take an example from the Edinburgh Times newspaper : 57 Jury Court, Monday, July 11.-The Court met to try an issue, in th cause in which James Renton, resident at Coldingham-law, was pursue and from which less of improvement is to be hoped for either of a and Thomas John Fordyce, Esq. of Ayton, Joseph Marshall, Esq. o public or private nature. SIR FRANCIS BURDETT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE EXAMINER. SIR, The passage quoted by you on the 4th inst. from the John Bull in reference to Sir F. Burdett, induces me to address you. I am no tenant of Sir Francis, nor have I the honour to be known to him; but I admire the excellence and consistency of his character, and I have it in my power to do justice to his conduct as a landlord, which is now assailed, I believe for the first time, by that dirty and contemptible libeller of every thing that is estimable in society. I reside near one of the estates of Sir Francis, and have heard much of the state of his tenants from the very best authority: he did not lower his rents, as Master Bull for once truly asserts; but mark the reason:-he did not raise his rents, like many other great land owners, and they were always below the average of others, so that when the period of suffering on the great scale came, his tenants were still able to pay their rents without complaint. When a farmer can obtain land under Sir Francis, he knows he is settled for life; it rarely happens that any event, except death, sets his land at liberty, and then only when no proper person of the family is fit to hold it. Two or three years back, one of his farms was to let, when a person of whom I have knowledge applied for and engaged it; but being a strong Tory, he thought it proper to make this known to his future landlord, when Sir Francis told him he had nothing to do with his politics, and should only expect the proper treatment of his land. The person alluded to now lives upon the farm, and I dare say will never quit it until he leaves this world. What will Theodore say to this? If I find it needful, I shall, upon a future occasion, state other facts upon this subject, reflecting the highest honour upon Sir Francis, which I now withhold only because I think that such disclosures might not be agreeable to the delicacy of his feelings. September 5, 1825. Your obedient servant, F. SCOTCH AND ENGLISH MAGISTRACY CONTRASTED. [From the Political Register.] TO MR. CОВБЕТТ. SIR,-You have not a very favourable opinion of Scotland or Scotsmen, but in the present question of the conduct of Justices of the Peace in England, it is, perhaps, worthy of attention to inquire into the conduct, power, and control, of the gentlemen in the peace of Scotland : Remark, in the first place, that no Clergyman is, in this country, allowed to be in the commission of the peace. If he were, and ventured to act, he would soon find himself a preacher to empty pews. We, in Scotland, cannot admit that a elergyman of our church has any concern with temporal affairs. He must pray and preach every Sunday; visit his parishioners, to remonstrate with some, and comfort the afflicted; and, lastly, deal out to the poor, assisted by his elders, the weekly funds for their support. His stipend is fixed, and we have neither tithes por tithe-proctors. Edrington, and John Swinton, Esq. of Broadmeadows, were defenders. It was admitted that the defenders are Justices of the Peace for the county of Berwick; and that on the 7th March 1823, the pursuer wa decree against the pursuer for the sum of 104. 13s. 6d. The question for brought before them at Ayton, upon an application, made by one Jane consideration was, Whether, in violation of the law, and of their duty as Fair, for payment of her in-lying expences; and that the Justices gave Justices of the Peace, the defenders did grant a warrant for immediately incarcerating the pursuer in the gaol of Greenlaw, until payment of the the 7th March, and therein detained till the 13th April, 1823, or any part of the said period, by virtue of the said warrant, to the injury and damage said sum? and whether the pursuer was incarcerated in the said gaol on of the said pursuer? Damages were laid at 10007. sterling, besides the penalties inflicted by the Act of Parliament for wrongous imprisonment being 20001. Scots; but before the Jury were sworn in the case was compromised; the defenders agreeing to pay the pursuer 2001. in name of damages, besides costs." of England. I could expatiate on the remarkable benefit derived from the South, which will never be followed :-Firstly, Strike out of the Com- THE KING'S BENCH PRISON. TO F. BUXTON, ESQ. M.P. &c. &c. AUTHOR OF A WORK ON PRISON DISCIPLINE. Ego te intus et in cute novi.”—Persius. Our Justices of the Peace, whether acting individually or assembled in Quarter Session, are extremely cautious in exercising their authority; and where any doubt exists, the case is sent to the public prosecutor for the county. He again advises with the crown lawyers, whether to bring the case before the Sheriff of the county, or before the high criminal court of justiciary. The Sheriff holds courts at the county town, for the trial of civil or minor criminal causes; in the latter, by jury trial. Should a Quarter Session of Justices of the Peace trespass in their judgment the least beyond the letter of the law, the injured person, however poor and friendless he may be, can bring an action of damages against the whole Bench, nor is it in the power of our Judges of the Court of Session to refuse a full and complete hearing of the cause. And, I may add, that this injured person is certain of obtaining ample redress. It is no matter whether the Bench of Justices acted from ignorance of the law, hasty temper (vide a late debate), or wilful oppression, our Judges have no leaning towards the man of the Peace. They are acutely jealous of his dealing too deeply in criminal cases; and this is so strongly felt, that it has a most salutary effect in curbing any inclination in our country Squires to lord it, by law authority, over the country-months, perhaps years, the last few shillings which are to enable him man. We would not suffer, for a month, the petty meddling interference of Squires and Reverends of the Peace, in affairs relating to the amusements and sports of the people. If ever you come within a hundred miles of the Tweed, cross the border for once in your life, and describe, with your usual powers, the difference between a Quarter Session of Hampshire, and one in Scotland. Here, the prisoner is brought in Court without chains or handcuffs. The Justices speak mildly and feelingly to him; urge him to have a defender; and uniformly lean to a mild punishment. If he be injured by their sentence, he can, however poor, prosecute the whole Bench before the Court of Session, by a simple summons, followed by a "petition and complaint." We have a fund for a poor man's cause, "The Poors Roll," by which the poor can obtain justice. "I know thee to thy bottom, from within presenting themselves to our view, we look, for the most part, upon the "Thy shallow centre to thy utmost skin."-DRYDEN. general mass of wretchedness with very little regard for how many SIR, Notwithstanding the scenes of calamity which are perpetually thousands are there, who, from their rank and station in society, might with comparatively little exertion alleviate the sufferings of their fellowcreatures? but seem perfectly satisfied if their failings escape contempt, though they But no; they like not the melancholy attendance upon misery, nor can they brook any interruption of their rest and pleasure, like every other general rule, admits of exceptions; in illustration of which, better examples cannot be adduced than the kind and humane never attain sufficient excellence to excite much regard: this, however, efforts of yourself and colleagues in the cause of the distressed. But no claim has the individual about to be mentioned to such distinction, the enormous income is impracticable, since every obstacle is and ever has been thrown in the way, to prevent such information being obtained. Marshal of the King's Bench Prison. To give the correct amount of his That it greatly exceeds that of the Lord Chief Justice (to whom Mr Jones is no more to be compared than "Hyperion to a Satyr") there remains when the source whence this income arises is discovered to them. Will it be believed that an introduction to the King's Bench Prison costs not the slightest question; and my readers will doubtless be astonished every unfortunate individual 17. Os. 6d. viz. 6s. 2d. on entering, and law? It is surely impossible to conceive a more flagrant act of injustice. What! take from the pocket of a man, who has been confined weeks or 14s. 4d. on being discharged from the custody of this Leviathan of the and his family to exist till employment can be procured; aye, even so, and were it not for the assistance extended by that highly valuable and subscriptions amongst their fellow prisoners, who invariably come forward on such occasions and contribute their mite, many would be now institution, the Society for the Relief of Persons confined for Small Debts, lingering in a gaol in a state of positive starvation, who by their industry are enabled to support themselves and families in comfort. To those compelled to take the benefit of the Insolvent Act this more immediately applies, and I think, Sir, you will agree with me, that if this was the only abuse existing (and would to heaven it was!) it must fully demonstrate the propriety of the suggestion contained in a former letter, viz. the fixing of the Marshal's income. I remain yours obediently, T.B. D. |