Battle at Sackett's Harbor. Operations on the St. Lawrence. Niagara frontier desolated,

10. On the day [May 27] when the Americans attacked Fort George, a British squadron appeared before Sackett's Harbor; and two days afterward [May 29] Sir George Prevost' and a thousand soldiers landed in the face of a severe fire from some regulars stationed there. General Brown, the commander, rallied the militia, and their rapid gathering near the landing place so alarmed Prevost, lest they should cut off his retreat, that he hastily reëmbarked, leaving almost the whole of his wounded behind. Soon after this, Dearborn retired from active service, and was succeeded in command by General Wilkinson, in August. The Government had arranged a plan for another invasion of Canada, and Wilkinson, at the head of a large force assembled at French Creek [November 5, 1813], went down the St. Lawrence in boats.

11. Near Williamsburg, on the Canada shore below Ogdensburg, Wilkinson landed troops under General Brown, to disperse the gathering enemy. A severe battle ensued [November 11], in which both parties suffered much without a decisive result. The enemy were crippled, and Wilkinson went on, expecting to find General Hampton' with a coöperating force at St. Regis. He was disappointed; and the attempt to capture Montreal, which was the first object of the expedition, was abandoned. The army went into winter quarters at French Mills, and there suffered much.

12. At this time, General McClure with a few troops was holding Fort George. The British pressed him so hard that, on the 10th of December, he burned the village of Newark, near the fort, and on the 12th fled to Fort Niagara,' on the opposite side of the 2. Soldiers of the permanent army. 3. Verse 6, page 210.

1. Verse 1, page 214. 4. An Indian town and early French settlement, about twenty-five miles south-east from Williamsburg. There was enmity between Wilkinson and Hampton, and General Armstrong, then Secretary of War, resolved to command the expedition himself, to prevent trouble on account of precedence. He joined the army at Sackett's Harbor, but soon returned to Washington, for he and Wilkinson could not agree. To the jealousies and bickerings of these old officers, must the disasters of the land troops be, in a great degree, attributed. General Hampton did move forward toward Canada, but finally returned to Plattsburg, and, leaving the command with General Izard, went to his Southern home. 5. On the St. Lawrence, mouth of the St. Regis river.

QUESTIONS.-10. Can you give an account of an attack on Sackett's Harbor by the British, and their repulse? What change of officers took place? What have you to say about another invasion of Canada? 11. Can you give an account of a battle near Williamsburg, in Canada? What did Wilkinson do, and how was he disappointed? What course did he pursue? 12. Can you give an account of events at Fort George and its vicinity? How did the British retaliate on the Americans?

War with the Creek Indians.

Their power and spirit broken.

river. That fortress was surprised and captured by the British and

Indians on the night of the 29th, when they proceeded to lay waste by fire the American shores of the river, all the way to Buffalo.' This retaliation was the closing scene of the campaign of 1813 in the north.

FORT NIAGARA, 1813.

13. There was serious trouble in the extreme south. Tecumtha had stirred up the powerful Creek Indians to make war on the white people. On the 30th of August [1813] they surprised and destroyed Fort Mimms, on the Alabama river, and massacred the inmates, including many women and children. This act created the most intense indignation. General Andrew Jackson, with over two thousand men, marched into the Creek country, and in a series of conflicts with the savages, between the beginning of November, 1813, and the close of March, 1814,2 the Creeks were thoroughly subdued, and their power and spirit as a nation so broken that they humbly begged for peace."

CAPTAIN

LAWRENCE.

14. The ocean was a theater of sharp conflicts in 1813. On the 24th of February, the United States sloop-of-war Hornet captured the British brig Peacock, after a severe fight of fifteen minutes. The latter suddenly sunk, carrying down with her

1. Youngstown, Lewiston, Manchester (Niagara Falls), Tuscarora (Indian) village, Black Rock, and Buffalo were laid in ashes, with a large amount of public property.

2. General Coffee was Jackson's most active assistant. The series of battles are known as those of Tallushatchee, near the present village of Jacksonville, in Benton cou ty; Talladega, a little east of the Coosa, in Talladega county; Autoseee, on the bank of the Tallapoosa, in Macon county; Emucfau, on the west bank of the Tallapoosa, near the mouth of Emucfau creek; and Tohopeka, or Great Horse-Shoe, near the north-east corner of Tallapoosa county. In the latter battle, about six hundred warriors were slain.

3. Among those who bowed in submission, was Weathersford, their greatest leader. He appeared suddenly before Jackson, in his tent, and standing erect, he said, "I am in your power: do with me what you please. I have done the white people all the harm I could. I have fought them, and fought them bravely. My warriors are all gone now, and I can do no more. When there was a chance for success I never asked for peace. There is none now, and I ask it for the remnant of my nation." He was spared.

QUESTIONS.-13. Can you give an account of Tecumtha's movements in the South, and the war with the Creek Indians ?

Naval operations.

Chesapeake and Shannon.

nine British and three American seamen.

Death of Lawrence.

Lawrence was pro

moted to the command of the frigate Chesapeake,' and on the 1st of June had a severe combat with the British frigate Shannon,

not far from Boston harbor. The struggle lasted only fifteen minutes, but in that time the Chesapeake lost her commander; also forty-eight of her officers and crew killed, and ninety-eight

1. Verse 8, page 207.

QUESTIONS.-14. What can you tell about naval operations, and the gallantry of Lawrence?

wounded. The Chesapeake was captured and taken to Halifax, in Nova Scotia.'

15. The American brig Argus, Captain Allen, conveyed Mr. Crawford, the United States minister, to France. She then cruised successfully near the English coast, and was finally captured [August 14] by the British sloop-of-war Pelican, after a short and sharp fight. The loss of the Chesapeake and Argus depressed the Americans; but their spirits were raised to the highest pitch by a victory of the Enterprise, Captain Burrows, over the Boxer, off Portland (September 5), and the great victory of Perry on Lake Erie, five days afterward.'

16. During the spring and summer of 1813, a small squadron, under Admiral Cockburn, carried on a distressing warfare along the shores of the Delaware and Chesapeake bays, with the hope of drawing the American troops from the northern frontier, for the defense of the sea-board. After cannonading Lewistown on the Delaware, and plundering Frenchtown, Havre de Grace, Fredericktown and Georgetown on the Chesapeake, Cockburn, with a land force under Sir Sidney Beckwith, attempted to capture Norfolk. The Americans had fortified

Craney island, and placed gunboats' across the channel. With these the enemy were repulsed [June 22, 1813]. They then committed great atrocities at Hampton; after which Cockburn went plundering down the Carolina coasts, and carried away many negroes to the West Indies, and sold them. At the same time, Commodore Hardy was blockading the New England coast, and his conduct was honorable..

COMMODORE PORTER.

1. The two vessels became entangled, when the British boarded the Chesapeake, and, after a desperate hand-to-hand struggle, hoisted the British flag. Lawrence was mortally wounded at the beginning of the action; and when he was carried below, he uttered those brave words, which Perry afterward displayed on his flag-ship on Lake Erie: "Don't give up the ship!" 2. In this contest, the commanders of both vessels were slain, and their remains rest in one grave in the city of Portland, Maine.

3. Verse 6, page 216.

4. Verse 7, page 207.

QUESTIONS.-15. Give an account of the brig Argus, and the conflict between the Enterprise and Boxer. What gave the Americans joy? 16. What occurred on the shores of Chesapeake and Delaware bays? What was the object of the British? Give an account of the marauding operations of Cockburn. What can you tell about the repulse of the British at Craney island, and the doings of Cockburn and Hardy?

Loss of the Essex.

Operations at Oswego.

17. The United States frigate Essex, Captain Porter, made a long and successful cruise in the Atlantic and Pacific,' during the year 1813, but was finally captured in the harbor of Valparaiso [March 28, 1814], on the western coast of South America, by the British frigate Phoebe and sloop-of-war Cherub, after one of the most desperately fought battles of the war. The Essex lost one hundred and fifty-four in killed and wounded. Captain Porter wrote to the Secretary of the Navy, "We have been unfortunate, but not disgraced."

SECTION VI.

SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, CONTINUED [1814, 1815].

1. Napoleon's power seemed so utterly broken early in 1814, that several thousand veteran soldiers were drawn from Wellington's army in France and sent to Canada, the conquest of which was yet the favorite project of the Americans. Movements in that direction were made by Wilkinson, at the close of March, 1814, but were unsuccessful. On

GENERAL BROWN.

2

1. While in the Pacific, the Esser captured twelve British whale-ships, with an aggregate of three hundred and two men, and one hundred and seven guns. The Essex carried at her mast-head the popular motto," Free Trade and Sailors' Rights."

2. Wilkinson had broken up the camp at French Mills (verse 11, page 218), and returned to Plattsburg, while General Brown, with two thousand men, marched to Sackett's Harbor. 3. The place was defended by Colonel Mitchell with three hundred troops, a few militia, and seamen under Captain Woolsey, who commanded a small flotilla.

QUESTIONS.-17. Can you give an account of the cruise of the Essex, and her loss? 1. How were the British able to send large reënforcements to Canada, in 1814? What did Wilkinson attempt? What can you tell about an attack on Oswego?