1. Lectures on the Races of Men. By ROBERT KNOX, M.D., F.R.S.E. Medical

2. The Philosophy of the Human Hand. Translated from the French of M. LE CAINE. S. D'Arpentigny. Medical Times. 3. Modern Painters. By a Graduate of Oxford. Cornhill.

Regarding man simply as an animal, this proposition may hold good; but contemplating him as a highly intellectual being, possessing imagination and wisdom, the argument is utterly worthless. There can be no doubt that our orchard apples, were England dispeopled, would all revert to crabs, and we have, moreover,

Premising that we believe in the ultimate eradication of vicious qualities from man, in other words, in the fitting application of all man's qualities to uses beneficial to himself and his fellow-men, as intended from the beginning, we will endeavor to set forth our own views as to the processes he has passed through, and has yet to pass through. We

"Some tough old crab-trees here at home, that will may assume either of two theories,-that

not

Be grafted to our relish.”

But so long as England is England," that is, inhabited by a race of men, in the larger sense of the word, there is more chance of a crab-tree becoming a curiosity than of apples being extinct. The philosophy of Dr. Knox would form the whole races of men into castes-creatures of instinct, not of will. The world's history is yet but the dawn of mankind, and the reasoning built thereon lacks sufficient data. The original types of man seem to us capable of infinite variety, and that we are in a state of constant progress from lesser to greater-from plainness to beauty-from stupidity to high intellect from loatnsome animality to high and divine morality. Thus far we may agree with Dr. Knox, that the inferior types of man are disappearing and the superior increasing, as the cycles roll on,

"And the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns."

man was created civilized and lapsed into a
savage, or that he was created a savage ab
initio. In his savage state, he could only
subsist on food of spontaneous growth-the
vegetables of the earth, or the animals feed-
ing on those vegetables. So long as he
could procure food in plenty he would not
be ferocious, but pressed by hunger he would
be, like any of the carnivorous tribes, a fierce
He would war on his fellow-man to
savage.
appropriate the scarce food, and this is pre-
cisely the practice that obtains amongst the
red tribes of men in America. Gregarious
man first associated, as distinct herds of cat-
tle do, for self-protection.
His food was
wild animals. As they became scarce, hun-
ger ensued, and to prevent this, a species of
property-tribal property-was assumed un-
der the title of "hunting-grounds," the claim
being nearly of the same kind as a strong
lion or tiger might assume. The numbers
of the tribes increasing, they preyed on each
other's hunting-grounds, and thus induced
war, whereby the numbers of men being re-
duced, the numbers of animals increased, and
peace followed. This was the state of the
red men at the advent of Columbus, and is
their state still, save where the white men
have come in amongst them. It is the state
of the Arab tribes in Africa also. It is the
state of all nations of men where the animal
faculties are in excess of the reasoning. It
has been more or less the state of Ireland up
to the present time. The law of prey,
which is the original law of nature, can only
be abrogated by the law of human reason,
which, in its approach to perfection, will
gradually disperse those imperfections we are
accustomed to class under the name of

In both Dr. Knox and M. D'Arpentigny, the
love of theory seems to lead them to a Pro-
crustean process of bending all things to
their own fancy. Doubtless each human
being is born with a peculiar natural apti-
tude, as are dogs and horses, and each hu-
man being will prove valuable to the world
and to himself as this aptitude is developed;
but we hold that, in order to be perfect,
reasoning man must be a compendium of all
that is desirable in man; and that, out of the
whole races of men upon the earth will arise,
in some future day, the mixed, or rather,
perhaps, we should say, the restored race,
that will realize the dream of man's perfect-"evil.”
ibility. Saxon industry, Celtic art, Arab
passion, Negro hilarity, are all high qualities
of man; and when they shall be combined
in the same individuals, instead of existing
separately, a harmonious world will be the
result. Man, divided into distinct types, re-
sembles the lame man mounted on the
shoulders of the blind man, recorded in one
of Mrs. Barbauld's stories, producing a result
by very imperfect processes.

The origin of race, therefore, is very easy to understand. It is obvious that in a savage state the term strongest applies to the man of the most perfect animal faculties. Good ears, sharp eyes, strong teeth, good health, and nervous and muscular energy, would constitute the strong man; vice versa the weak man. A portion more or less of cunning superadded to these qualities would constitute a chief of men, or king-König,