things, as I have several times seen myself, and particularly a sheet of this papyrus, or paper, made of that rush.

The first invention of making paper of this rush, Varro affirms, was in the days of Alexander the Great, when Alexandria was founded; but Pliny proves it was ancienter, by the books which Gn. Tarentinus found in his vineyard in a marble chest on the hill Janiculus, in which were also the bones of Numa Pompilius. These books were of the papyrus, and it is certain that Numa Pompilius was long before Alexander. The Romans had several sorts of this paper; one of them was called hieratica, as Pliny writes, and only dedicated to religious books, which afterwards, through flattery, took Augustus's name, and was called Augustana, as the second sort from his wife Livia was called Liviana, as among us there is now imperial and royal paper. There was another sort called Amphitheatrica, from the place where it was made, being about the amphitheatre; and the first that began to make this paper in Rome was one Fannius, who brought it to such fineness, that, whereas before it was for common use, it became equal with the best and took his name, being called Fanniana, whereas that, which was not so curiously prepared, kept its old name of Amphitheatrica; and these were the best sorts of paper in those days. Afterwards came the Saitica, so named from a city where it was made, where there was great abundance of the papyrus, and this was made. of the worst part of it. There was still another sort made of the outward part next the rhind, and called Teniotica, from the place where it was made, which was sold rather by weight than by choice. Lastly, there was the Emporetica, answerable to our brown or wrapping-paper, unfit for writing, and only used to make covers for the other paper, and to wrap up goods, therefore called shop-paper. All these sorts of paper were different from one another, for the best was thirteen inches broad, the hieratica two inches less, the fanniana of ten, and the amphitheatrica two narrower; the saitica still less, and the coarse emporetica not above six. Besides, Augustus's paper was in great esteem for its whiteness, as well as its smoothness, but was so thin, it would scarce bear the pen; besides that, it sunk, and the letters appeared through it; and therefore, in the reign of Claudius Cæsar, it lost the first place, and another sort was made, from him called Claudia, which was preferred before all the others, and the Augusta was reserved for writing of imperial letters. The Livian paper-kept its rank, having nothing of the first, but, in all respects, like the second. This sort of paper, made of papyrus, the Romans used a long time, on which many books were writ; and, as Pliny informs us, there were, in his times, abundance of volumes of Caius, and Tiberius Gracchus, of Cicero, of Augustus, and of Virgil.

That this paper was good and lasting, appears by what was said above of Numa's books, found in the consulship of P. Cornelius, L. F. Cethegus, M. Balbius, and Q. F. Pamphilius; and, from the reign of Numa till their time, we find there passed five-hundred and thirty-five years, it being wonderful they should last so long without rotting, especially having been all that while buried under ground. Authors dif

onthe umber of these books, for some, as Livy, say, Jum is Lucius Pecies; of which opinion are

he Life of Name. Others say they were De prima jaws, and the other seven of the premiossary; others say they were twelve, as Los Zudinamus, lib. ii. writes, they were PETERS TE Anti affirms, there were two Latin, many Greek of Pythagorean philoso

Petulins the pretor. Certain it is,

PRESET E BODE. mas of the rush papyrus, continued long Har ver many boniss were writ on it by several

9. Jomer sa fie paper of our days, a most noble #ZÕRGE DE DIN unity of writing and publishc books. Is made of linnen rags beaten to VODOTTI DEVI Moun a thing should perpetuate and HMONG STUN of me. It is made in all parts of

GPOSTA, SIIS FIRM and small, and so white and curi23 exces 4. În is, as the most perfect, are printvolumes are daisys, laying aside the papyrus, the others, what gave occasion to the finding out of

No thought advances, but her eddy brain
Whisks it about, and down it goes again.
Full sixty years, the world has been her trade,
The wisest fool that time has ever made.
From loveless youth, to unrespected age,
No passion gratify'd, except her rage:
So much the fury still out-ran the wit,
The pleasure miss'd her, and the scandal hit.
Who breaks with her, provokes revenge from hell,
But he's a bolder man, who dares be well:
Her ev'ry turn, with violence pursu'd,
Nor more a storm her hate, than gratitude.
To that each passion turns, or soon or late,
Love, if it makes her yield, must make her hate;
Superiors, death;-if equals, what a curse?
Bút an inferior, not dependent, worse.
Offend her, and she knows not to forgive;
Oblige her, and she'll hate you while you live.
But die, and she'll adore you, then the bust,
And temple too, then fall again to dust.
Last night her lord was all that's good and great,
A knave this morning, and his will a cheat.
Strange! by the means, defeated of the ends,
By spirit robb'd of power, by warmth of friends:
By wealth of followers; without one distress,
Sick of herself, thro' very selfishness:
Atossa curs'd with every granted prayer,
Childless with all her children, wants an heir;
To heirs unknown, descends th' unguarded store,
Or wanders, heaven-directed, to the poor.

The following should have been prefixed to the Declaration of Francis Throckmorton's Treasons, in Vol. i. p. 522, and is here preserved.

DISCOUERIE OF THE TREASONS

PRACTISED AND ATTEMPTED AGAINST THE

QUEENES MAIESTIE AND THE REALME,

By Francis Throckmorton,

Who was for the same arraigned and condemned in Guyld-hall, in the citie of London, the one and twentie day of May last past. 1584.

Quarto, containing twenty-eight pages.

The following narration has in part been copied both by Hollingshead and Camden, yet not without the omission of several useful and necessary particulars to illustrate this part of the English history; which may be supplied by preserving this true and genuine ac count, as there is sufficient reason to suppose was published by authority.

When this traytor was brought upon his tryal, he denied what he had. confessed at his examination, affirming, as Stow relates, that he had invented it on purpose to avoid the rack. But, says Camden, after his condemnation, upon the evidence of his own letters to the queen of Scots, and the papers found in his coffers, he owned all, and even made a more circumstantial declaration than at first; and yet, in favour to the queen of Scots, lest such a confession should influence the people against her liberty, he again retracted and denied whatever he had confessed; to discover which prevarication, and to prevent any misapprehensions of the justice of his tryal and exer cution, this following true and faithful account was published.

To the Reader.

There is in this short discourse deliuered vnto thee, gentle reader, a true report of the treasons and practises of Francis Throckmorton, and his complices against the queenes maiestie and the realme; which comming to my handes by chance from a gentleman, to whom it was sent into the countrey, I haue presumed to commit the same to the print, to the ende that such as in opinion and conceite are not satisfied,

touching the matters proued against him, and the course of proceeding helde with him, might, by the sight thereof, if trueth and reason may perswade them, bee resolued of all such doubtes and scruples as haue risen by the variable reportes made of the qualitie of his offences, and the maner of dealing vsed towards him; for the better knowledge whereof, I referre thee to the declaration following, and so commit thee to God.

A letter sent from a Gentleman of Lions-Inne, to his Friend, concerning Francis Throckmorton, who was arraigned and condemned of high treason.

SYR,

YR, with my last letters of the first of June, I sent vnto you in writing the arraignement of Francis Throckmorton, penned by a gentleman of good skill and credite, being present at the same, and, because it hath seemed vnto me, that here is some scruple in your conceite touching the sufficiencie of the euidence produced against him, I haue, for your better satisfaction, endeauoured to attaine to more particular knowledge thereof, and by the meanes of a secret friend, there is come vnto my hands a verie perfect declaration of the whole proceedings, helde by such as were in commission for the examining of him, before his triall, containing the materiall points of the treasons by him confessed; whereunto there is annexed a submission written by Francis Throckmorton to the queenes maiestie, the fourth of June, whereby he acknowledgeth that he hath vntruly and vnduetifully denied his former confessions, and vnder his own hand writing hath eftsoones repeated and confessed the same confessions to be true (some fewe things onely detracted, but of no moment) which may in mine opinion remooue all matter of doubt or scruple conceiued by you or by any other of his iust condemnation. You know howe well I haue always loued the man, and delighted to converse with him in respect of the good partes, wherewith he was indued, and of the pleasant humour that for the most part did possesse him when hee came in companie of friendes, yeelding at no time (to my seeing) any shew or suspition, to haue been a dealer in matters of that quality; and therefore, I cannot but pitie his misfortune the more, wishing all men to make profite of his fal, and to note, that miserie and calamitie of this kinde doeth for the most part followe such as forget God, to whose protection I committe you.

From Lyon's Inne, the 15 of June, 1584.

Your assured friend,

Q. Z.

VOL. XII.

T