servationum de Scorbuto, Leipsic, 4614. 6. "Epistolæ de variis rebus et argumentis medicis," printed, with "Smetii Miscellanea," Francf. 1611, and including his theses on the dropsynodon aid tot istom BRUCE (JAMES), a celebrated modern traveller, descended of an ancient and honourable family, was the son of David Bruce, sesqof Kinnaird, by Marion Graham, daughter of James Graham, esq. of Airth, dean of the fas culty of advocates, and judge of the high court of admiralty in Scotland. He was born at the family residence of Kinnaird, in the county of Stirling, Dec 14, 1730. Of his first years few particulars are recorded of much conse quence, except that his temper, i contrary to the character which it afterwards assumed, was gentle and quiet; but as he advanced in life, became bold, hasty, and impetuous, accompanied, however, with a manly openness, that shewed the usual concomitant, a warm and generous heart.,, Ic having been determined to give himau English education, he was sent to London to the house of William Hamilton, esq. a barrister, and his uncle, with whom he remained for some time, and in 1742 he was placed at Harrow school, where lie made great proficiency in, classical learning. After leaving Harrowin May 1746, he lived about a year Hi the academy of a Mr. Gondou till April 1747, where he prosecuted his classical education, and studied, French, arithmetic, and geometry. In May of that year he res turned to Scotland in order to commence a course of study at the university of Edinburgh, preparatory to his following the profession of the law; but it does not appear that he made much progress, or indeed had much inclination for this study and the precarious state of his health this time rendered much study of any kind dangerous. His own expectations of success in the law became gradually abated, and various other circumstances determined him to relinquish it foreovered noor bas sotusmodism ni tozal at In this uncertainty of mind, India offered to his ardent imagination a prospeer of a more flattering nature goAs he was considerably above the age at which persons are eurolled as writers in the service of the East India company, his friends advised him to petition the court of directors for the liberty of settling as a free trader ander its patron a'annalagoa duw beminger o Theatrum.- 1 Moreri. Foppen Вы. Belg.-Manget and Ha'ler. Freheri Theatru Melchior Adam in vitis medicoronel Jas age; and accordingly he left Scotland in July 1753 with a view to prosecute this design; but he was prevented from carrying it into execution by forming a connection with an amiable young lady, Miss Allan, daughter of a wine.mer chant in London, whom he married in Feb. 1754. But though this year did not end with the prosperity with which it began, this accidental seulementini London changed his destination in dife. It detained himins Europe till his/ mind was formed, his knowledge matured, and an oppore tunity presented itself of visiting the east with honour andsi advantage. In his own opinion, ito prevented him from suffering the cruel imprisonment at Calcutta in 1756, which proved fatal to many of the company's servantsol Hen now entered into partnership in the wine business, which, as well as his marriage, was approved of by his father; buta his prospects in this new situation were soon clouded. Aq few months after their marriage, Mrs. Bruce exhibited evident symptoms of consumption, and being reconimended to try the mild climate of the south of France, expired at Paris in October...... зара се гл By this melancholy event, Mr. Bruce Host the principal tie that connected him with business, and although he did not think it prudent to relinquish a flourishing trade with out some equivalent object, relaxed This personal efforts very considerably, and added to hiswstocka bli languages, the Spanish and Portuguese. He also improved his skilt in drawing, under a master of the name of Bonneauftredo commended to him by Mr. (afterwards sir) Robert Strange Before this time he had chiefly cultivated thats part of drawing which relates to the science of fortification, vinq hopes that he might, on some emergency, finde itlofouse in military service. But views of a more extensive kind hown induced him to study drawing in generalstand tonobtainals correct taste in painting, so as to be ablestonvisit withdadas vantage those countries which possess the finest specimens of skill and genius in that department of the arts. This notice of Mr. Bruce's application to the study of drawing we have given in the words of hissbiographer, because ita was long and confidently reported by those who wished tos lessen Mr. Bruce's reputationis that he was totally and ine corrigibly ignorant of the arts eotuluiftib yasamedi diiw bass His concern in the wine trade gave him an opportunity a of travelling over a considerable part of Spain, Portugal,w and the Netherlands, but hearing of his father's death inte 1 ८ 13 1758, he returned to England, and in 1761 withdrew eng tirely from the wine tradend He now, from his observation while in Spain, suggested to the prime minister, Mr. Pitt, afterwards lord Chatham, the practicability of a successful. expedition against Ferrol, in Galicia, where the Spaniards> had a considerable harbour, and generally stationed a part of their navy; but various circumstances, of which perhaps Mr. Pitt'soresignatiomuwash the principal, prevented this enterprisesfrom being attempted. Disappointed in this m he resolved to return to his native country, and pass his time as a private gentleman, cultivating his paternal estate One of the newonministers, however, lord Halifax, diverted him from this design, and suggested Africa to him as a proper field for denterprize and discovery; nand that bem might go under the protection of a public character, it was proposed to send him as consul to Algiers. Bruce acceded to these proposals, and left England in the end of June't 1762, He passed through France and Italy, and carried with him from the latter country an artist to assist him in his drawings. For his subsequent adventurestohis) travels into Abyssinia, and his discovery of the sources of the Nile, tabwel mystorefer to his published travels Henreturnedis to his native country in 1773; and in 1776, he married an daughter of Thomas Dundas of Fingask, esq. by whom heo had three children two of whom, a son and daughter, anev stillli divingev After bassettled at Kinnaird, his time wasis chiefly spentan managing hisoestate, min preparingobisstran vels fon the press, (and other literary occupationssband ben was preparing a second edition of his Travels, whien death prevented the execution of his designer QuidSaturdayzi April 226,01794, having entertainede some companyzat Kinord naird, bas shevwas going downstairs about eight, o'clock lim the evening, ho hand a lady into a carriage, his foot slipti andshes fell bioma considerable heightin He was taken up in aastate of insensibility, and expired early nextomorning.sv Mr. Bruce'sd figure was abovesthencommon size blihiso ligibis sathletic bubuterwelk proportioued his complexion sanguinesd hisedcountédancemanly wand good-temperedow and his manners easy and polites1 The whole outward man was such as to announce a character well calculated to con! tend with the many difficulties and trying occasions, which soextraordinary a journey could not but have thrown in his waygo His internal characters, the features of his underto standing and dispositiong seemsió agredtomeasure to habes 1 10 corresponded with these outward lineaments. As a country gentleman, though not without a tincture of haughtiness, he exhibited the elegance of a man of fashion, and the hospitality of amBritond His personal accomplishments fitted him, in a superior manner, fore the undertakings in which he engaged. His constitution was robust, and he had inured himself to every kind of fatigue and exercises In mental accomplishments he equalled, if not surpassed, the generality of travellers Histentemory was excellent? and his understanding vigorous and well cultivated. He understood French, Italian, Spanish, Hand Portuguese, the two first of which he spoke and wrote with facility. Be sides Greek and Latin, which he read well, though not critically, he knew the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac; and, in the latter part of his life, compared several portions of the scriptures in those related dialects He read and spoke with ease, Arabic, Ethiopic, and Amhario. Necessity made him acquainted with these last, and impressed them deeply on his mind. He had applied, during the greatest part of his life, to the study of astronomy, and other prace tical branches of mathematicalblearningi ont fuq Paw SH Thermost defective part of his character, his biographer informs us,parose from his constitutional stemper, which disposed him to be suspicious, and hastylinotaking offence. His enmities therefore were sometimes capricious, though, in general, well-founded.sg His love of ancestry, and prac tice of telling histown exploits, though magnifiedminto vices by the weakest of his enemies, scarcely deserve nos lice as imperfections, though they certain by were promi nent features. They contributed howeverysin savigreat measure, to excite those vanimosities and that incredulity which for many years prevailed respecting the veraeityof his alov & 841 narrativesdi His Dravels," after many years of deagentexpectation on the part of the public, were published in 1700pat Joon don, am 5wols 4to, under the title 'Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in the years 1768-1778 The reception they mern with was exceeding flattering, yet numerous ate tacks were made on the author's characters and beracitysin the periodical journals, to which it is unnecessary now to refer*. It seems agreed that the general creditsof the * The late PraLort formed a considerable collection of Memoranda, correspondence, scraps from the Jourmals and Newspapers, &c. for and against Bruce, which are now in the possession ssession of the editor of this work, in consequence of a purchase at base at Mr. Gough's sale. 18919 4 101 work has survived Wel cannot perhaps quote a higher authority than that of DrroVincent, who observes that Bruce may have offended from the warmth of his tem perso he may have been misled by aspiring to knowledge and science which he had not sufficiently examined; but his work throughout bears internal marks of overacity, dw in all instances where he was not deceived himself and his observations were the best which a man, furnished with such instruments and struggling for his life; could ob talih." berzales llew bae an astrobar ait has OnBRUCIOLI (ANTHONY), a laborious Italian writer, was born at Florende towards the conclusion of the fifteenth centuryed Having meddled in 1522 in the plot formed by some Florentine citizens against cardinal Julius de Medicis, afterwards pope Clement VIL he was obliged to expatriate binself, and withdrew into France.320 The Medici being driven out of Florence in 1527, this revolution@brought him back to his country, where the liberty with which he chose to speak against the monks anda priests raised a suspicion of this being attached to the opinions of Luther; He was put into prison, and would not have escapedsan ignominious death but for the kind offices of his friends; whd procured a mitigation of his punishment to an exile of twongteargni Henthen retiredato Venice with his brothers, who were printers and booksellers, and employed their presses in printing sthe greater part of his works, of which the most known and the most in request is the whole Bible translated into Italian, with annotations and remarks, which wasoput by the papists in the number of heretical books of the first class but the protestants held it in such high esteem that it passed through severalteditions. of Thermost amplesand sthienmost searce is that of Venice, 15460abd 1548, 3 vols. folio. Brucioli pretends to have made his translatione froms the Hebrew text but the wuth is, ithat, being but onoderately versed in that language, he made ase of the Latin version of Baghinabu Hissother works are, 10 Italian translations of stane natural history of Plingarand several pieces of Aristotle and Ciceroze 2e Editions of Ba trarch and Bocaceto swithonotesimo Dialogues, 19 Venice, 1526, folio2athery eariofobis leathesis not knownjapeit istcertain that he swag still alive indkamera 54.2 I *ขออ a Life of Bruce by Alexander Murray, F. A.S. Eto, 1808, work of great interest and impartiality. 10 else adgrobne 100 gagawan boa alar |