me. thou, thy, or thine, thee, he, his, him, she, her, it, its, plural we, our, us, ye, they, their, them.

EXCEPTION. You and your are in both numbers.

PERSON

PROPERTIES OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

First, Second, Third.

NUMBER- Sirgular, Plural.

GENDER (only in third, singular) Masculine, Feminine, Neuter CASE- Nominative, Possessive, Objective.

FORM FOR PARSING A PERSONAL PRONOUN

Substituted for what; decline as in the table; number; person, gender (if thd, singular); case-relation.

MODEL.

The boys desired John to visit them, and they are now expecting us to call for him on our way.

"the,"

"Boys," the subject of the first clause, is modified by limiting it to particular "boys." "Desired," the grammatical predicate, is modified by "John," and "John" by the phras "to visit them." Thus, "desired John to visit them" is the modified predicate; and "the boys" is the modified subject "Them" modifies "visit" as a direct object limiting its action. "They" is the subject, unmodified, of the second clause. expecting," the predicate, is directly modified by "now" and i object "us"; and “ us by the phrase "to call for him on our way.' Thus, “are now expecting us to call for him on our way" is the modified predicate. “To call” is indirectly modified by the two phrases" for him " and " on our way."

"Ara

Thus the sentence consists of two independent assertions, with the clauses connected by “ and," making a compound sentence

What forms of the pronouns are singular?-hat plural ?—what the cams it by Aumbers? What is the form for parsing a personal pronoun ?

"The " is a definite article, modifying "boys," limiting them to objects well known.

66

boys," ir

Boys " is a common noun, masculine, plural, third pe son (Why?); nominative case, the subject of the clause; and, if the appropriate form of the personal pronoun is substituted for boys," it will be they, the special form for the nominative of that person and number. Desired," here used to assert something of " a regular, transitive verb; desire, desired, desired; forms its Past tense and Perfect Participle by adding d to the simple form; take "John " as the object of its action. Simple Active form. Indica tive mood and Past tense, and as such is not varied on account of the number and person of its subject.

"John" is a proper noun, masculine, singular, third person. (Why?) If represented by a personal pronoun, it must be by one of the special forms appropriated to the third, singular, masculine. By substituting these special forms, he, his, him, severally for “John," we find “him ” to be the proper one, and that "John " is in the objective case.

"Visit' 99 can be used to assert, and therefore by the definition is a verb; visit, visited, visited, forming its Past tense and Perfect Participle in the regular manner; transitive, takes a direct object after it; Infinitive mood, and present or simple form, used with "to" and without a subject-nominative, indefinitely; it modifies “John " by showing the purpose for which he was desired.

"Them" is a pronoun, because it is substituted for the noun 'boys"; personal, because the person of the noun it represents is known by the form of the pronoun. Its special form here shows it to be third person, plural. “Boys" is masculine gender; but, as the form of the pronoun is not varied, in the plural, on account of gender, in parsing the plural of pronouns, gender may be disregarded. Nominative they, possessive their, objective them; in the objective case, the direct object of the transitive verb "visit."

"They" is a personal pronoun, representing "boys," and in the nominative case, as subject of" are expecting."

"Are expecting" is a verb, used here to assert something of "they," its subject; expect, expected, expected, regular; transitive, having "us" in the objective case as the direct object limiting its

action. Progressive form, made by prefixing some part of the auxiliary "be" to the imperfect participle of the verb; Indicative mood, simply declares; Present tense shows that the action is unfin ished, continuing, or going on at the present time; plural form of auxiliary, because the subject "they" is plural.

"Us" is a personal pronoun, representing the speaker and those with him as a company. Singular, nominative I, possessive my or mine, objcctive me; Plural, nominative we, possessive our, objective us. Having the special form for the first person, plural, and objective case, it is the direct object of the transitive verb "are expecting," limit11g and restricting the action of that verb to certain individuals included in the word "us."

"To call can be used to assert, and is therefore a verb. Call, called, called, regular. It may be either transitive or intransitive, according to the sense; here it is intransitive, as it does not take a direct object, but is limited indirectly by "him" and " way," which are connected with it by "for" and "on." Infinitive mood, used with "to," and without a subject-nominative, in the simple form, and modifies "us," limiting their expectations with regard to “ this act or result.

us to

"Him" is a personal pronoun, substituted for "John," and representing "John" in gender, number and person. Nominative he, possessive his, objective him; "him" is the special form for the masculine, singular, third person, objective, and indirectly limits the intransitive verb "call," with which it is connected by "for." "Our" is a personal pronoun, showing, by special form, the person and number represented, and its own case. Like "us," it is substituted for the speaker, including those with him. Its form shows it to be first person, plural, and possessive case; it limits "way."

EXERCISES.

Analyze the following sentences, giving the clausal and phrasal relations; also those of nouns, verbs, adjectives, articles, and personal pronouns, with their kinds, forms and properties, parsing them according to the models.

The shepherd gave the alarm, and lay down again in his plaid. These Covenanters may tumble down upon our heads pieces of rock from their hiding-places. The old man took notice of the

strangers, and waved them off with his hand. Gilbert Ainslie was a poor man; and he had been a poor man all the days of his life. Thou, William, still art young. I leave my example as a legacy to you, my children.

The trees are now in their

fullest foliage. Father called us, and we ran to him at once. George, mother asked for you; she wishes you to find the cow. I have lost my shoe-string.

COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

140. Personal pronouns united with self, form compound personal pronouns; as, myself, thyself or yourself, himself, herself, itself, and their plurals, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

REMARK 1. They are used only in the nominative and objective cases, and the form is the same in each.

2. They are mostly used for emphasis; as, I did it myself, I myself did it. Here myself is in apposition with I.

3. Sometimes they are used reflexively, when the agent and object acted upon are the same; as, I blame myself. The man saved him. self. Here each is the direct object of a transitive verb.

4. They are called compound personal pronouns because they have appropriate forms to indicate the speaker, the person spoken to, and the object spoken of.

How are compound personal pronouns formed? What are they? In which cases are they used? Do they vary in form on account of case? How are they used? Why called personal?

PROPERTIES OF COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

PERSON NUMBER

GENDER

First, Second, Third.

Singular, Plural.

(only in third, singular) Masculine, Feminine, Neuter CASE-Nominative, Objective.

FORM FOR PARSING A COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUN.

Substituted for what; decline as in table; number; person; ger.der (if third singular); used emphatically or reflexively; in what case-relation.

MODEL.

John did it himself, and he may blame himself for the result.

Here two independent clauses are connected by "and,” expressing the relation of addition.

"John" is the subject of the first clause, and is directly modified by "himself," used here for emphasis; and “ John himself" is the modified subject. "Did," the predicate, is directly modified by ́it," as the object of the action, and "did it " is the modified predicate.

"He," substituted for "John," and representing "John" in gender, number, and person, is the subject of the second clause, and is not modified. May blame," the predicate, is directly modi fied by "himself," here used reflexively, being the object of its action and indirectly by the phrase "for the result"; and "may blame himself for the result" is the modified predicate.

"John" is a proper noun, third, singular, masculine, and nominative, subject of "did."

"Did," is an irregular transitive verb; do, did, done; has "it for the direct object of its action. Simple Active form, Indicative mood, and Past tense, simply declares an act in past time. It is not varied on account of the person and number of its subject.

"It" is a personal pronoun, and has the special form of the third, singular, neuter, objective, directly limiting the transitive verb "did."

"Himself" is a compound personal pronoun, representing "John," having the special form appropriated to the third singular, mascu