Of these men Mr. E. B. Washburne in his sketch of Governor Coles says: "There were fifteen members of the Legislature, brave, conscientious and God-fearing men, who signed this noble and timely appeal to the people of Illinois. I give all their names for they deserve to be written in letters of gold on the tablets of the state's history. Risdon Moore, William Kinkade, George Cadwell, Andrew Bankson, Jacob Ogle, Curtis Blakeman, Abraham Cairnes, William Lowery, James Sims, Daniel Parker. George Churchill, Gilbert T. Pell, David McGahey, Stephen Stillman, and Thomas Mather."

Dr. Cadwell was actively engaged in that campaign but was not a candidate for re-election and the proposition to call a convention was defeated by a majority of 1668 in a total vote in the state of 11,612. Dr. Cadwell's county giving 42 votes for the convention and 452 against it. His retirement from public life at this time was evidently voluntary as his district was in sympathy with him and voted more than five to one against the proposition to hold a convention.

After his second election to the Senate, probably late in 1820 or early in 1821, Dr. Cadwell removed to a location near where Lynnville, in Morgan county, now stands, but then within the bounds of the county of Madison. The next session of the Legislature (1820-21) created the counties of Sangamon and Greene comprising all the territory north of the present boundary of Madison county, with attached territory, which extended as far north as the northern boundary of the state, including the new home of Dr. Cadwell, thus making him a nonresident of the county from which he was elected, and leaving Madison county without representation in the Senate. Eleven days later. January 31, 1821, an act was passed creating the county of Pike out of all the territory in the State north of the then northern boundary of Greene and Sangamon counties. At the same session an act was passed providing for the election of a Senator for Madison county at the biennial election of 1822, leaving Dr. Cadwell the Senator of the new counties carved out of Madison county. And the 3rd General Assembly, January 31, 1823, created the county of Morgan from part of Sangamon. Thus was Dr. Cadwell removed from St. Clair to Madison county by the proclamation of a territorial governor; and he was also, by legislative enactment, made successively an inhabitant of the counties of Greene, Sangamon, and Morgan, without changing his residence.

The journey to Morgan county was made in flat boats propelled by poles and by pulling the overhanging boughs of the trees near the shores, up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Illinois, and thence up the Illinois to Naples, and the remaining distance of twenty miles. was made in wagons. He made a claim to 240 acres of land, being the east half of the sortheast quarter of section 29, the east half of the northeast quarter of section 32. and the east half of the southeast quarter of section 32, all in township 15 north, range 11 west of the 3d principal meridian; and afterwards entered the same at the land office in Vandalia. Nearly three-fourths of this entry was heavily timbered, and it contained more than twenty acres of hard maple trees, from which sugar and syrup were annually made until sometime in the fifties.

Here he laid off a town to which he gave the name of Quincy, expecting to secure the location of the county seat upon it. The temporary seat of justice of Morgan county was by the act creating it fixed on Olmstead's mound, which adjoined his land, and the first term of the Circuit Court was held in one of his cabins, but the Commissioners appointed to locate the permanent seat of justice placed it. at Jacksonville. There is a tradition in the family to the effect that his opposition to the constitutional convention lost him the county seat, but the facts upon which it is said to be based are not suf ficiently authenticated to put down as history.

The remainder of his life was spent in the practice of his profession. He was the first physician in Morgan county and his field was so vast and his practice so extensive that he was frequently absent for several days at a time, sometimes visiting patients forty miles He built a frame house, the first in Morgan county, with a shingle roof and walnut weatherboards, the roof of which was taken off by a wind storm in April, 1823.

In 1823 Dr. Cadwell was instrumental in organizing the "Morganian Society," the purpose of which was to "promote the public good by using all honorable means to prevent the introduction of slavery into this State, by maintaining the purity of elections, by cherishing political harmony and restraining vice and immorality," the constitution being signed by Dr. Cadwell and 139 others. He was the first postmaster in Morgan county and people came many miles to receive their letters on which the postage was twenty-five cents each. The desk used for keeping the mails was brought from France and is now in the possession of Miss. May Graves, of Jacksonville, Ill.

He was a man of medium height and of rather slender build. His family consisted of two sons, both of whom died before attaining their majority, and eight daughters, all of whom are now dead. The last survivor of them, Mrs. Harriet L. Rudisill, died at Jacksonville, Nov. 9, 1893.

9

Little is known as to his politics except that he was on principle opposed to human slavery and that he was a fearless advocate of the right as he saw it. In those days men and measures and principles stood for more than party; a public office was considered a public trust and not a private "snap," a condition which unfortunately for the welfare of the State does not exist today.

He was not a religious man nor a member of any church organization, but held liberal views of matters of theology and was probably like Franklin, Jefferson and many other prominent men of his time. who to escape the rigorous and ascetic views held by the Puritans, and the licentiousness and arrogance of the Roman church, became followers of Voltaire, who was really not so heterodox as one is led to suppose from many things written against him, for his last words were: "I die worshipping God, loving my friends and not hating my enemies but detesting superstition."

He died Aug. 1, 1826, not an old man as stated by Governor Reynolds and others, but at the age of 52, in the prime and vigor of manhood, and was buried on the farm which he entered.

PALESTINE, ITS EARLY HISTORY.

(By J. C. Allen.)

From a point opposite the city of Vincennes, Ind., north, on the west side of the Wabash river, to a point opposite the city of Terre Haute, Ind., lies a section of our State unsurpassed in beauty and fertility: Four prairies, Allison, Lamott, Union and Walnut; Allison in Lawrence county, Lamott in Crawford county, and Union and Walnut in Clark county; each covering an area of from three to four miles in width and eight to ten miles in length; each surrounded by belts of heavy timber; each possessing a soil of sandy loam, easily cultivated and wonderfully productive. Each of these prairies had been favorite resorts of Indians, judging from the number of mounds burying places) surrounding their borders; and were evidently favorite hunting grounds before the advent of civilization.

But it is to Lamott prairie and the old village of Palestine that I desire to confine myself in this paper; and as I dwelt among its people for nearly thirty years, I am somewhat familiar with its early history, as I gathered it from the children and grand-children of its early pioneer settlers.

The village of Palestine is situated north of the city of Vincennes, Indiana, a distance of twenty-five miles by land and perhaps forty-five miles by the Wabash river. A short distance south of the village was a creek, called Lamott creek. It derives its name from a Frenchman by that name, who had a trading post at a point where the creek intersects the river about two miles southeast from where the village is located. The prairie also took its name from this same trader. this point Lamott carried on his trade in pelts and furs with the Indians until the breaking out of the war of 1812 between this country and Great Britain, when the Indians, doubtless under the inspiration of the British commander at the post of Vincennes, became restless, when Lamott felt it unsafe to remain there.

At

The village of Palestine is located on the south end of Lamott prairie, about one and one-half miles from the Wabash river, and about one-half of this space is heavily timbered. On this east side of the prairie, northeast from the village is a deep lake covering several hundred acres of land, with a depth originally of from fifteen to twenty feet in places. The outlet from this lake was through what is called Arthur slough, taking the name from a colored family that soon after the war settled on its west bank and built a cabin in which they resided for several years.

Surrounding this prairie were belts of heavy timber, in the fall of the year furnishing an abundant supply of hickory nuts, walnuts, butternuts and pecan nuts, and in the glades surrounding the prairie were found in the summer season, the wild plum, cherry and persimmons, also strawberries, gooseberries and sarvice berries, raspberries and blackberries in great abundance. Game was also abundant, bear, deer and wild turkeys; and of furred animals were the bears, otters, raccoons and other smaller animals; and of the cat-kind, the panther and wild cats.

On the south end of the prairie were patches of ground where the Indians raised their corn, and the stake around which they held their "green corn dance" was left standing for some time after the Indians had left. No wonder they were loath to leave, this to them, a very paradise and native garden.

In 1811 the first pioneers invaded this prairie. Three families from the state of Tennessee; their names were Boatright, Eaton and Cullom, distant relatives of Senator Cullom. These families only brought with them such property and oxen and cows as they regarded as necessary in their new homes.

For some time after their arrival their relations with the Indians were amicable, but after the breaking out of the war with England, these friendly relations were soon somewhat less cordial and created apprehension of danger; and as among all races of people, the Kickapoos (that being the tribe then occupying that section around there) had among them some lawless men. These emigrants, being apprehensive of injury from this element of the tribe, built two block houses, into which they removed their families, on the west side of the prairie, where they remained secure from attack from the evil-minded. until after the close of the war; but when required to leave the fort to engage in the necessary work in their fields they took with them their rifles, The women kept watch all through the day and, at the approach of a party of Indians, blew a horn, when the men would drop the work and make for the block houses. During the war no serious harm was done to them except occasional theft. After the war there was an influx of population from the older states, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia. The town of Palestine was laid out near the southern line of Lamott prairie. Joseph Kitchell and Wilson Lagon donated a public square, and each alternate lot, on the plot of the town, to the county when it should be organized as a county seat.

The county of Crawford was organized by the territorial legislature in 1816, being the eighth county organized in the Territory of Illinois. In 1818 a convention was called to form a constitution with a view to being admitted into the union of States. Joseph Kitchell and Edward Cullom were elected as delegates from Crawford to that convention. The county was organized under the act of 1818 with a full set of county officers. David McGahey was elected Probate Justice of the Peace; J. S. Woodworth, Sheriff, and Edward C. Pifer, Circuit Clerk. Joseph Kitchell was elected to the State Senate, and

David Porter to the House of Representatives. At the first session of the General Assembly, Palestine was fixed as the county seat, and so continued until 1844.

I go back in point of time to about the close of the war of 1812. A man by the name of Hutson with his family settled at the mouth of Hutson creek, a small stream emptying into the Wabash river, where the village of Hutsonville was since built, nine miles north of Palestine. Both the creek and the village take their names from the original settler. Hutson was a Quaker and did not apprehend danger. While absent one day from his cabin the Indians, supposed to be Delawares, raided his home and killed his wife and three of his children, and took his eldest daughter captive, as is supposed, her body not being found. From one Indian woman he learned that it was a party of Delawares that raided his home, and that they had crossed the river into Indiana. He determined to follow them and was not afterwards heard of. It is supposed he was killed by them while searching for his daughter.

Among the first records that were made by the clerk of the circuit. court of Crawford county was a certificate of the clerk of the court of Battelora county, Virginia, given to one Abram Camp who on account of his color had been held as a slave. In his petition he averred that his mother was a Mohawk Indian and the evidence showed this to be true, and the judge decreed that he was entitled to his freedom. He came to Illinois and settled a few miles above Vincennes in what is now Lawrence county, then a part of Crawford. His certificate had become somewhat worn and obliterated, it having been given to him by the court in 1786 and he had it recorded in Crawford county so that he could be protected from arrest as a slave by men who were engaged in stealing negroes and taking them south, and when an owner or claimant was not found, selling them into slavery. Some of the descendants of Abram Camp are yet living in the regions where he settled and built a house.

The records of the county also show that in July, 1819, three Indians of the Delaware tribe were indicted by a grand jury for the murder of one Thomas McCall, a white man. They called themselves William Kilbuck, Captain Thomas and Big Panther. Kilbuck claimed to be a chief in his tribe, and on being brought before the court for trial, Capt. Thomas, and Big Panther, by their attorney, secured a continuance until the next term. Kilbuck, being a chief, disdained to ask for delay and demanded an immediate trial. Judge Thomas C. Brown, a member of the Supreme Court. was presiding: after ordering the two prisoners, whose cases had been continued, into the custody of the sheriff, the court proceeded to the trial of Chief Kilbuck. The jury found him "guilty" of murdering Thomas McCall. Motion was made by his attorney for a new trial. The court ordered the prisoners into the custody of the sheriff and adjourned court until next day, when he would hear the motion for new trial. In the morning the sheriff reported to the court that all three of the prisoners had escaped from his custody. There being no jail, perhaps the guards slept upon their watch." The motion for new trial is still pending.