Spatial and Temporal ReasoningOliviero Stock Springer Science & Business Media, 30/09/1998 - 394 páginas Qualitative reasoning about space and time - a reasoning at the human level - promises to become a fundamental aspect of future systems that will accompany us in daily activity. The aim of Spatial and Temporal Reasoning is to give a picture of current research in this area focusing on both representational and computational issues. The picture emphasizes some major lines of development in this multifaceted, constantly growing area. The material in the book also shows some common ground and a novel combination of spatial and temporal aspects of qualitative reasoning. Part I presents the overall scene. The chapter by Laure Vieu is on the state of the art in spatial representation and reasoning, and that by Alfonso Gerevini gives a similar survey on research in temporal reasoning. The specific contributions to these areas are then grouped in the two main parts. In Part II, Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi examine the ontological status of spatial entities; Anthony Cohn, Brandon Bennett, John Gooday, and Nicholas Gotts present a detailed theory of reasoning with qualitative relations about regions; Andrew Frank discusses the spatial needs of geographical information systems; and Annette Herskovits focuses on the linguistic expression of spatial relations. In Part III, James Allen and George Ferguson describe an interval temporal logic for the representation of actions and events; Drew McDermott presents an efficient way of predicting the outcome of plan execution; and Erik Sandewall introduces a semantics based on transitions for assessing theories of action and change. In Part IV, Antony Galton's chapter stands clearly between the two areas of space and time and outlines the main coordinates of an integrated approach. |
Índice
1 Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence | 5 |
12 Ontologies of Space and Spatial Knowledge Representation | 7 |
13 Overview of Approaches to Spatial Representation in AI | 17 |
14 Classes of Spatial Reasoning | 33 |
15 Conclusions | 39 |
16 Acknowledgments | 41 |
Major Issues | 43 |
22 Modeling Time | 44 |
59 Research Topics | 150 |
510 Conclusions | 151 |
6 Language Spatial Cognition and Vision | 155 |
62 Usages of the Prepositions | 160 |
63 Schematization | 168 |
64 The Fluidity of Prepositional Meaning | 182 |
65 The Interface Between Language and Spatial Cognition | 193 |
66 Conclusions | 200 |
23 Reasoning About Time | 45 |
24 Reasoning About Actions and Change | 48 |
25 Temporal Reasoning in Planning | 53 |
26 Reasoning About Temporal Relations | 58 |
27 Conclusions | 67 |
Spatial Representation and Reasoning | 71 |
3 Spatial Entities | 73 |
32 Parts and Wholes | 75 |
33 The Topological Option | 76 |
34 The Hole Trouble | 78 |
35 The Compositional Approach | 81 |
36 Negative Parts | 83 |
37 Hybrid Sums | 86 |
38 Negative Parts of What | 88 |
39 The Need for Explicit Theories | 90 |
310 Concluding Remarks | 95 |
4 Representing and Reasoning with Qualitative Spatial Relations About Regions | 97 |
42 An Introduction to the Region Connection Calculus RCC | 102 |
43 Expressing Topological Shape in Terms of C | 108 |
44 Reasoning with the RCC Calculus | 111 |
45 Shape Representation using a Convex Hull Primitive | 114 |
46 Spatial Reasoning with Decidable Logics | 120 |
47 Some Applications of RCC | 123 |
48 Spatial Regions with Uncertain Boundaries | 125 |
49 Final Comments | 131 |
A Geographical Information Point of View | 135 |
52 Geographic Information Systems Build on Ontologies | 136 |
53 Problems with AdHoc Ontologies in GIS | 141 |
54 Use of Ontologies in GIS and Similar Information Systems | 143 |
55 Two Different Types of Uses for Ontologies | 145 |
56 How to Make Ontologies Usable | 146 |
57 Open Questions for Ontologies for GIS | 147 |
Merging Multiple Theories | 149 |
Temporal Reasoning | 203 |
7 Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic | 205 |
72 Representing Actions and Events | 207 |
73 Interval Temporal Logic | 211 |
74 Reasoning About Action in Simple Domains | 225 |
75 External Events and Simultaneous Actions | 233 |
76 Problems and Future Work | 242 |
77 Conclusion | 243 |
8 Probabilistic Projection in Planning | 247 |
82 An Idealized System | 249 |
83 The Actual Implementation | 274 |
84 Experimental Results | 282 |
85 Conclusions | 285 |
9 Underlying Semantics for Action and Change with Ramification | 289 |
92 The systematic methodology | 293 |
93 Underlying semantics for strict inertia | 296 |
94 Ramification | 300 |
95 Causal propagation semantics | 304 |
96 Minimization approaches to ramification | 306 |
97 Assessments of entailment methods based on minimization of change | 310 |
98 Causal approaches to ramification | 315 |
99 Conclusion | 317 |
Between Space and Time | 319 |
10 Space Time and Movement | 321 |
102 Models of Time | 326 |
103 Models of Space Position and Movement | 330 |
104 Continuity | 340 |
105 Discrete Representations of Continuous State Spaces | 345 |
106 Conclusions | 352 |
List of Authors | 353 |
References | 356 |
383 | |
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Palavras e frases frequentes
action law action system actions and change algorithm Allen application approach Artificial Intelligence assumptions axiomatic axioms basic boundary chapter clipped cognitive map Cohn computational concepts constraints convex hull defined definition described discrete domain Egenhofer endpoints entailment method eventinstant example explanation closure expressed external events Figure fluent formal frame problem function Geographic Information Systems geometry Gerevini Gotts holds hole instance interval interval temporal logic Knowledge Representation language linguistic mereological mereotopology minimization motion NP-hard NTPP object occur ontology orientation overlap path planning possible predicate prepositions primitive problem properties qualitative spatial reasoning query ramification ramification problem RCC8 reasoning about actions regions relation algebra represented result rule Sandewall schematization Section sense shape Shoham situation calculus space spatial cognition spatial entities spatial reasoning spatial relations spatial representation specify structure temporal logic temporal reasoning theorem theory time(e timeline timepoint TL-RETRIEVE topological transition variables Varzi
Referências a este livro
Intelligent Information Integration for the Semantic Web Ubbo Visser Pré-visualização indisponível - 2004 |
Geographic Information Science: Third International Conference, GI Science ... Max J. Egenhofer,Christian Freksa,Harvey J. Miller Pré-visualização indisponível - 2004 |