also the West Indies and the Spanish Main, Travels in North America. I'rave's in Australia, etc. (Mrs. Trollope, his mother, was also a novelist; so is his brother, T. Adolphus Trollope.) Rev. Charles KINGSLEY (1819-1875), author of Alton Locke, Westward He, Yeast, Hypatia, etc. Charles Lever (1806-1872), author of Harry Lorrequer, Charles O'Malley, Jack Hinton, etc. Unequalled in his delineations of Irish life and character. SAMUEL LOVER (1797-1868), Irish, author of Rory O'More, Haudy Andy, novels; and Angels Whisper, Molly Bawn, and other popular songs. SAMUEL WARREN, LL.D. (1807-1877), author of Ten Thousand a Year (a very amusing novel), and some law treatises. G. P. R. JAMES (1801-1860), author of Edward the Black Prince, Richelieu, and many other novels; also several biographical works. CHARLOTTE BRONTË (1816-1855), author of Jane Eyre, Shirley, and Villette, three excellent novels. WILKIE COLLINS (1824-1889), author of Life of William Collins (his father); also of The Dead Secret, No Name, Womar. in White, and other novels. MRS. CRAIK, formerly Dinah Maria Mulock (1826-1887), author of John Halifax, Gentleman; The Ogilvies; The Woman's Kingdom; A Brave Lady, and various other novels. THOMAS HUGHES (1823-1896), author of School Days at Rugby, Tom Brown at Oxford; also Life of King Alfred, and Memorials of a Brother. GERALD GRIFFIN (1803-1840), an Irish novelist and poet of rare genius, author of Holland Tide, The Collegians, and other tales; also of Gille Machree and other popular poems. GEORGE MACDONALD (1824 -), a fine Scotch novelist. Among his best novels are-Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood, David Elginbrod, Malcolm, Robert Falconer, and Wilfred Cumbermede. Also a poet. R. D. BLACKMORE (1825 —), author of the remarkable semi-historical novel, Lorna Doone; also of Mary Anesley, Perlycross, Springhaven, Dariel (1897), and others. EDMUND YATES, G. A. SALA, MRS. WOOD, MISS YONGE, and many others, have also written novels of great popularity. PHILOSOPHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC. JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873), a profound thinker and great writer; author of System of Logic, Political Economy, Essay on Liberty, etc. HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE (1822 1862), author of History of Civilization HERBERT SPENCER (1820- ), one of the greatest of the Darwinian philosophers, author of Social Statics, Principles of Psychology, Education, etc. Sir David Brewster (1781-1868), author of Natural Magic, More Worlds than One, Lives of Newton, Galileo, Kepler, etc. SIR CHARLES LYELL (1797-1875), author of Elements of Geology, Travels in North America, Antiquity of Man, etc. HUGH MILLER (1802-1856), self-educated geologist, author of Old Red Sandstone, Footprints of the Creator, Testimony of the Rocks, My Schools and Schoolmasters, etc. WM. WHEWELL, D. D. (1795-1866), a writer of wonderful attainments, author of History of the Inductive Sciences, Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, The Plurality of Worlds, etc. JOHN TYNDALL (1820-1894), author of Heat a Mode of Motion, On Sound, Fragments of Science, Hours of Exercise, etc. THOS. HENRY HUXLEY, F. R. S. (1825-1895), author of Man's Place in Nature, Comparative Anatomy, Protoplasm, Lay Sermons, etc. PROF. MAX MULLER (1823- ), author of Science of Language, 2 vols. Chips from a German Workshop, 4 vols. CRITICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS. RT. HON. Wм. E. GLADSTONE (1809- ), the leading Liberal statesman of England, author of Juventus Mundi, Homeric Studies, etc. Earl of Derby, E. G. S. Stanley (1799-1869), an English statesman, and author of a fine Translation of Homer. MRS. ANNA JAMESON (1797-1860), the ablest female prosist of the age, author of Characteristics of Women, Poetry of Sacred and Legendary Art, etc. LATER VICTORIAN LITERATURE. MANY changes have occurred in the literary as well as the political world since the publication of the first edition of this manual, and it has seemed proper to continue the survey down to the present time. Only a few of the more prominent authors can be noticed, and they will be presented under the following heads: 1. Poets, 2. Novelists, 3. Historians, 4. Critical and Miscellaneous Writers. LATER POETS. The death of Tennyson, in 1892, left a dreadful void in the ranks of English poets, and made still more apparent his immense superiority to all the other singers of the Victorian age. No one was left worthy to bear the poet's mantle. Though he had impressed himself strongly upon the younger poets, he had in fact no imitators, for the reason that he was inimitable. His manner died with him—that idyllic sweetness, that love of common life musically expressed, which so powerfully appealed to the heart of the people. In one respect the younger poets resemble him—in the pensive, doubting, meditative character of their verse-a characteristic of the latter part of the period. SIR EDWIN ARNOLD (1832 -) is a distinguished scholar, poet, and journalist. On quitting college he taught for a time in Birmingham, and afterwards became Principal of the Sanscrit College at Poona, India, and Fellow of the University of Bombay. His familiarity with the literature of India led to the production of some of his finest poems. He is a most voluminous writer in prose as well as verse. His most popular poems are-He who Died at Azan, He and She, The Light of Asia, treating of the life and teachings of Buddha, and The Light of the World. Mr. Arnold is somewhat closely related to America, as he married an American lady, who died some years ago. To her are addressed these lines from the Introduction to The Light of Asia: "You ask me, dear, what perfect thing I find in all this wandering These ancient Sanscrit scrolls amid, As one glance from your gentle eyes! As one word interchanged with you! SIR LEWIS MORRIS (1834 -) is a Welshman, a college graduate, and is prominent in the educational movement in Wales. Some of his most prominent poems are-Songs of Two Worlds, The Epic of Hades, The Ode of Life (consisting of eleven separate odes on Creation, Infancy, Childhood, etc.), and A Song of Empire (written for the Queen's jubilee, 1887). The Epic of Hades takes the reader to the gruesome regions of Tartarus, Hades, and Olympus, where Tantalus, Eurydice, Endymion, and other fabled characters are made to tell their tales. The Song of Empire is really a strong and magnificent ode that would have done no discredit to Tennyson himself. The following lines are from one of the Songs of Two Worlds: "Nay, song and love and lofty aims ALFRED AUSTIN (1835 The Treasure of Hope. -), a cultivated gentleman-lawyer, journalist, and poet—was in 1896 appointed Poet Laureate of England. Among his works are―The Human Tragedy, Madonna's Child, Interludes; also Won by a Head, a novel, The Garden that I Love, and various other prose works. A collected edition of his poems in six volumes was published in 1862, and he has since published Fortunatus the Pessimist, and England's Darling, a drama of King Alfred. He has vigor, animation, and much descriptive power, but he somehow fails to touch the popular heart. The lines quoted below are from the last-named work: "'Twas barely dawn, and herding night had not Yet folded all her stars.' "Truth is the free man's weapon, and a lie Makes him unfree and sinks him to the serf." ""Tis not for length of days, No, but for breadth of days that we should crave. OTHER LATER POETS. AUSTIN DOBSON (1840), a very graceful and artistic poet, author of The Sick Man and the Birds, The Young Musician, Proverbs in Porcelain, At the Sign of the Lyre, etc. Especially noted as a writer of witty and elegant society verse. He has also written some excellent essays, and Lives of Goldsmith, Fielding, Hogarth, and Steele. WILLIAM Watson (1856 —) has shown a richer poetical faculty than any other of the younger poets of England. His finest poems thus far areWordsworth's Grave, Lachrymæ Musarum (on the death of Tennyson), Shelley's Centenary, a collection of Epigrams, and a series of magnificent Sonnets on the Armenian massacres. JOHN DAVIDSON (1857 —) is, next to Watson, perhaps, the strongest of the younger poets of England to-day. He has written Fleet Street Eclogues, Ballads and Songs, New Ballads (1897), and several plays. He abounds in a tropical luxuriance of imagery, and has great descriptive power, but his poetry is somewhat morbid, doubting, unsatisfied in tone, and therefore depressing rather than inspiring to the reader. FRANCIS THOMPSON (- -) is a young poet of much power but great eccentricity, especially in his use of language. In his daring imagination and a certain wild luxuriance of imagery he reminds one of Keats. A volume of his poems published in 1893 has passed through several editions, and a new volume was issued in 1897. The Hound of Heaven is a weird and powerful poem; Dream-Tryst and Daisy are simple and beautiful. "The fairest things have fleetest end; But the rose's scent is bitterness To him that loved the rose !"-Daisy. LATER NOVELISTS. The present age continues to justify the description of it as "the age of prose fiction." Lately the tendency of fiction has been towards realism, depending less on plot and dramatic incidents than formerly, and more on the delineation of character and the portrayal of real life with all its complex relations and passions. There has also been a sociological movement in fiction as well as poetry, as shown in the numerous novels dealing with the relations of capital and labor, the relation of the sexes, the condition of woman, etc. Lately, however, there are signs of a returning taste for romantic fiction, some novels of this kind having had phenomenal success. Novels of locality also form a large class, recalling Miss Mitford's charming pictures of Our Village. THOMAS HARDY (1840 -) stands by common consent at the head of the English novelists of the day. His pleasant home, which he calls Max Gate, is near Dorchester, in the region known as Wessex, comprising several counties of the West of England. His first great success was achieved in 1874 by the publication of Far from the Madding Crowd, which retains its popularity. Since then his books have had a large sale on both sides of the ocean. Among the most celebrated are— -The Return of the Native, The Woodlanders, The Mayor of Casterbridge, A Pair of Blue Eyes, |