7. How did the Thebans obtain the supremacy in Greece, and when did they lose it? 8. Who was Cassander? 9. What war was decided by the battle of Crannon ? 10. Draw a map of the Peloponnesus. 11. What were the chief mountains of Greece, and what are their modern names? 12. What part of the Greek verb is used in expressing similes, and why? 13. What are the various ways of forming the degrees of Comparison ? Compare these with the Latin forms. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. MR. ABBOTT. Write a short Essay on the career of Julius Cæsar, or of Cromwell, or of Napoleon the First. Irish Sizarship. PROFESSOR O'MAHONY. Translate the following passages from Greek into Irish::Matt. xxi. 1–11; Mark, xiii. 14–23; Luke, vi. 6–12; John, xv. 1–8. Translate the following passages from English into Irish : Luke, xxiv. 1-12; John, iv. 31-38. Translate the following passages into English :- I. : Agus ar nimteaċd d' l'osa amać as an dteáċ an lásoin, do suiz sé láiṁ ris an bfairrge. Agus do cruiñizeadar sluaiże móra ċuige, ioñas ar ndul a sdeac a luing, zur suíð sé ; & do seas an sluaż uile ar an dtráiz. Agus do lábair sé mórán riu a gcosaṁlaċduib, ag ráð, feuč, do cuaid síoladóir amaċ do ċur síl; Agus ag cur an tsíl dó, do tuit cuid de cois na sligeað, & tánzadar na héanlait, agus a duadar é : Agus do tuit cuid [eile] de a breaɲañ ¿loċać, mar nac raib mórán úire aige: 7 do fás sé go luat, do bríż naċ bfuair sé doimneacd na talman: Agus ar neirge don gréin, do dóiċead é; & ar son naċ raib freum aige, do searg sé. Agus do tuit cuid [eile] de eidir muineaċ; & d'eírze an ṁuineać suas, & do muċ siad é. Agus do tuit [cuid] eile de a dtalaṁ ṁait, & tug sé torad, cuid céaduiread, cuid trí fíċċid uiread, cuid a deiċ ar fíċċead uiread. Giod b'é agá bfuillid cluasa ċum éisdeaċta, éisdeaż sé. II. Agus do cruiñizeadar na Painisíniz ċuige, & cuid do na sgríobuid, táinic 6 lapúsaleim. Agur ar braicsin dóib go nduadar cuid d'a deisciobluibsion apán le lámuib coitcioña (eadon, gan ioñlad), do riñeadar gearán. (O'in ni itid na Pairisíniz, 7 na lúduige uile [biad], muna nióñlaid ríad [a] láṁa go minic, ag coiméad órduizċe na siñsior. Azur (ar dreaċd] 6'n margað, muna nioñlaid, ní íċid siad. Agus a táid mórán do néiċib eile, do żabadar orra do coimead [mar atá], níže na gcopán, agus na bpotad, [7] na soifteaċ prair, 7 na leabiac. Do fiafruigeadar na Pairisíniz & na_sgríobuide de tar éis sin, Creud fá nać siubluid do deisciobuilsi do réir órduigte na siñsior, acd itid arán le láṁuib gan ioñlad? [Agus] do freagair seision & a dúbairt sé riu, go firiñeaċ is mait do riñe Isaias fáideadóireaċd bar dtimċeall a luċd an fuarċrábuið, mar atá sgríobċa, Onóruizid an pobal so mé le [na] bpuruib, aċd atá a gcroíde a bfad uaim. Acd is diomaoineac do gnid seirbís dáṁsa, ag teagasg aiteantað na ndaoine [map] teagasg. O'ir air dréigean aitne Dé, gabuið sið órdugad na ndaoine [mar atá] níže na bfotad & na gcupán : & do ¿nící móráñ dó néitib eile is cosmail riu so. Agus a dúbairt se riu, Is maiċ ċurtaoi ar gcúl aitne Dé, ioñar go gcoiṁeadfad sib bur ngnátuzað féin. O'ir a dúbairt Maoisi, Onóruig t'átair & do ṁáċair [féin]; 1 gid b'é a déara olc ré na áċair nó ré na máċair cuirtear ċum báis é: Aċd a deirċísi, Dá nabrað éin nea¿ ré na áċair nó ré na ṁátair, Corban (éadon, an tlodlacað), do Beirimpi uaim; [raċaid sé a dtarba duitsi]. Agus ní léigtí dó as sin amaċ ní sa ṁó déanað d'a átair no d'a mátair féin; Ag cur bréitre Dé ar gcúl leis an ngnátugað, do 6rdużeaBair féin: 7 is mór d'a leitéid so do zníċi. 1. On what grounds has it been asserted that the ancient Irish were acquainted with letters before the coming of St. Patrick? 2. Dr. O'Donovan appeals to several authorities in favour of the importance of the Irish language to the philologist and the antiquary: give the substance of his quotations on the subject. 3. What, according to the Bardic tradition, were the five ancient dialects of Irish? What are principal modern ones, and what their leading characteristics? 4. Point out the affinities of the Irish tongue, and say to which of the great divisions of human speech it is now admitted by scholars to belong? 5. Can you mention the date and principal works of the last great classical writer of Irish? 6 Mention in chronological order the chief writers on Irish Gram mar. 7. What grammatical work in recent times has produced the greatest change with respect to Celtic philology? What advantages did the author possess over native Irish scholars? 8. Mention the principal existing remains of Ancient and Middle Irish, giving the years within which the period of Middle Irish falls. 9. What are the rules for determining the gender of nouns? What traces are there of an ancient form of the comparative degree of adjectives? 10. Point out the chief differences in meaning between the verbs tá and ir, noticing such ancient forms and tenses of the latter as you are acquainted with. 11. Conjugate affirmatively, negatively, and interrogatively, the defective verbs fag and té. 12. What influence has the article on the initial of nouns? 13. What presumption as to the condition of a nation in respect to civilization, is supposed to arise from the change of the radical sounds of consonants by aspiration or otherwise? 14. Illustrate by examples the two processes by which euphony is sought to be secured in Irish. 15. What advantages has the Irish mode of treating affected consonants over that adopted by the Welsh and Manx? 16. How may derivative substantives be classed according to their terminations? 17. Mention the leading differences between ancient and modern Irish as regards the government of verbs? 18. When were the existing versions of the Old and New Testament published; and who were chiefly instrumental in the work of translation and publication? Ro marbrat treoin ocus treitill ocus tren mileda, anraid ocur amraig ocus oicctigeirn, ocus forccla latzaile ocus gaisccid na ngaoidel uile; ocus ros tairbirsiot fo ċáin ocus fo geillsine iad, ro daerait ocus ro możsanaigitt iatt. Mor tra do Banntraċtaib blaite bite, ocus dingenaib maorda míne macbacta, ocus doccmnaib suarca saera senza sulglasa, ocus do macaomaibh maerda morglana; ocus do żaṁanraid zasta gníomaca, puccsat a ndocar ocus i ndaire tar fairrge leċainglais leo. Ucán! ba hiomba ocus ba minic gruada zlana glegasta go fliuċ derfadać dubać doimenmnaċ annsin, oc scaptain meic pe hatair, ocus ingen le maċair, ocus bratar re ceile, ocus coibnesta re a ccenel, ocus pe a naicme.-Dr. Todd's "Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill," p. 42. II. a eolcha Alban uile, A fluaż feuta foltbuide, do pinn piaonaċ Fotudáin. Irish Version of Nennius, by Dr. Todd, p. 272. III. Is and no herbað do Dubthać tasfenad breitemnusa ocus uile filideċta Eirenn, ocus nach rechta ro falnasat la firu Eirenn, i recht aicnid ocup a recht faidi ocus i mbreċaib innsi Eirend ocus i filedaib. toairngertatur do nicfad berla ban bias .i. recht litre; ar in Spinut naem ro labrastar ocus do aircechain tria ginu na fer fireon cet rabatusi i n-innis Erenn, amail do n-airceċain tria ginu na prim faidi ocus na n-uasal aiċre, i reċt petarlaice; a po riaċt reċt aicnid mar nad rochat recht litre.— Senchus Mor, vol. i., p. 16. BEDELL SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION. PROFESSOR O'MAHONY. 1. Mention the several languages which are included under the general name of Indo-European. 2. What are the chief differences between Irish and Welsh ? 3. What members of the Celtic family of languages are no longer living tongues? 4. State what are the characteristics of the five declensions of substantives as given by Dr. O'Donovan; and give an example of each declension. 5. Decline an bean mór. 6. Give examples of the emphatic increase with the possessive pronoun and noun, and also with the possessive pronoun, noun, and adjective. 7. Conjugate affirmatively, negatively, and interrogatively, the verbs rap and clumn. 8. What defective verbs, or phrases implying verbs, are still in use among the Irish-speaking people? 9. In what different ways are adverbial expressions formed in Irish. 10. What is the difference between tá mé am fear, and is fear me? Translate the following passage into Irish: Luke, xi. 1-13. Translate the following passage into English, and correct any errors of grammar you may discover therein :— Agus an tráċ tiocfas Mac an duine añ a flóir (fém], & na haingil naomta uile maille ris, añ sin suíðfið sé ar ċátaoir a glóire [féin]. Agus cruiñeoċċar na huile ċindeaċa añ a fiadnuisi & dealocuið sé ó céile iad, mar dealuigeas an taodaire na caoiriz ó na meañáin : Agus cuirfið sé na caoiriz ar a láiṁ deis, & na meañái, ar a láim čle. An sin a déara an Ríg ris an luċd bias air a láiṁ deis. Tigid, a daome beañuigte m' A'tarsa, gabuid ċugaib ofgreaċd na ríogaċda atá ar na hullṁugað daoib 6 tosaċ an dómuin: O'ir do bí ocarus oram, & tugabar níð ré a ite daṁ: do bí tart oram, & tugabar deoċ dam: do bí mé am' [duine] coigcrice, & tuzabair aoideaċd daṁ : |