EXAMINATION IN CIVIL LAW.

DR. LONGFIELD.

1. According to Vico, as quoted by Mr. Heron, all legislators agree with the followers of Plato in three articles; what are they?

2. The more immediately after the commission of a crime a punishment is inflicted, the more just and useful it will be, according to Be?caria?

3. From what radical mistake did the errors of Plato in jurisprudence spring, according to Mr. Heron ?

4. According to Kant, all legislation contains two elements; what are they? and what is the element which is considered subjectively generally called?

5. What is the meaning of the expression "Jus gentium" in writings on the Civil Law?

6. What is the meaning of "Jus honorarium," and the reason of the appellation?

7. The title to property by long possession was much more restricted by the Civil Law than it is by the laws of England?

8. By what relations, and in what cases, could a complaint be sustained "de inofficioso testamento"?

9. In what case was the right of an adopted child to the inheritance of an intestate less than that of a natural child?

10. At what time were the next of kin to be ascertained in the case of an intestate's death without issue?

11. The Civil Law respecting the time of ascertaining the next of kin was more likely than the law of England to lead to fraud and injustice? 12. What are the four qualities which ought to belong to a code of laws, according to Bentham?

13. How did Justinian extend the remedy given to the fidei commissarius ?

14. If one surety of an insolvent debtor was called upon to pay the entire debt, what was the extent and limitation of his remedy against his cosureties by the Civil Law?

15. What four things are included by Bentham in the right of property?

16. What would be the chief effect of a tax upon absentees for the purpose of compelling them to reside upon the spot from whence they draw their income?

17. What are the chief dangers to be apprehended from codification?

18. A testator divides his property into 12 unciæ, and names six heirs, and distributes 3 unciæ to each of the first-named four heirs; how much will the remaining two heirs be entitled to?

19. What reason does Merivale assign for the Senate conferring with Pompey in the temple of Bellona?

20. What was the chief value of the title of princeps conferred on Augustus?

21. What was the original meaning of the expression "legibus solutus," and what error on this point does Merivale expose?

22. What are the three maxims laid down by Huberus as sufficient to solve the intricacies of private international law?

23. What two things must concur to constitute Domicil?

24. What exception is there to this latter rule?

25. Domicil, according to its origin, may be divided into three classes? 26. A careful attention to the works of Grotius would have saved Paley from a serious error?

27. How does Creasy account for the difference in physical and mental characteristics which exists between the English and the Modern Germans?

28. In the conferences preceding the Petition of Right, from what part of Magna Charta did the Crown lawyers draw their arguments in favour of the royal right of arbitrary imprisonment?

29. In the course of that discussion the House of Lords adopted an unusually strong measure?

30. The amount of possessions in France seized by Philip Augustus from King John, and also the amount which King John succeeded in retaining, were important in the constitutional history of England?

31. From what cause besides the influence of Christianity did the great change that took place in the condition of slaves in the Middle Ages chiefly arise?

32. State any circumstance mentioned by Milman to show that the Gothic kings exercised a jurisdiction over bishops in the sixth century.

GROTIUS.

1. Carneades confounded a property of justice with its essence?

2. What is the origin of the erroneous opinion that an entire people and their sovereign are not under any obligation to observe the rules of justice?

3. In what sense does Grotius admit the truth of Cicero's assertion"Silent leges inter arma" ?

4. What reason does Grotius give for not making the idea of justice enter into his definition of war?

5. Grotius states that there are two modes of proving that a thing is naturally right?

6. In what case does the right of private war exist?

7. What is necessary to make a public war lawful?

8. Grotius refutes an erroneous mode of determining whether a prince is sovereign or not?

9. What laws made by an usurper have no binding force?

10. In the case of an unequal alliance, Grotius divides into four classes the causes which may happen to be brought before the superior ally?

II. In two of those cases the same jurisdiction exists even in the case of an equal alliance?

UNDERGRADUATE PRIZE EXAMINATION PAPERS.

Michaelmas Term.

JUNIOR SOPHISTERS.

Mathematical Physics.

A.

MR. W. ROBERTS.

1. Prove Brinckley's formula for the change of altitude of the Sun, or a star, when near the meridian, in a given time.

2. Every point in the periphery of a semi-ellipse is loaded with a weight proportional to the perpendicular on the tangent from the centre; it is required to find the distance of the centre of gravity from the axis major.

3. Find the orbit described round a centre of force attracting directly as the distance.

4. Light is refracted at a single spherical surface; find the relation, in general, which subsists between the reciprocals of the distances from the centre of the intersections of the incident and refracted rays with the axis.

5. A circle being just covered by vertical immersion in a fluid, it is required to draw from its lowest point the chord on which the pressure shall be the greatest.

7. Two fluids are placed in a circular tube so as to occupy 90° each, and the diameter joining the open surfaces is inclined at 60° to the verti cal; prove that the densities of the fluids are as

√3+1:√3-1.

8. The weight of a cubic foot of water being 1000 oz., and mercury, of which the specific gravity is 13.6, standing at 30 inches in the barometer; find the pressure of the atmosphere on each square inch.

9. The Sun's mean motion is 59′ 8′′ 33 per mean day; hence show that 24 hours of mean time are equivalent to 24 hours, 3 minutes, 56.55 seconds of sidereal time; and that 24 hours of sidereal time are equivalent to 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds of mean time.

10. If the Sun had no motion in right ascension, and his present mean motion in declination, what changes, if any, would be thus introduced into (a) our present seasons;

(B) our present mean time; and

(y) the Copernican explanation of the Sun's proper motion?

II. A hollow, right cone, with its axis vertical and its summit downward, is made to revolve so that a heavy rough body placed against its inner surface may remain suspended there; (a) show that the two limiting velocities of its angular velocity are

and deduce from these expressions the circumstances under which (6) the least velocity required to move the body up the cone should be infinite; and (y) that required to sustain the body on the plane is = o.

12. Draw a figure of the Newtonian telescope, and show that (a) its

F f

magnifying power is ; (3) the condition of distinct vision is

e + e' = F +ƒ

and that the elliptical reflector, inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis of the telescope, has its semi-axes equal respectively to

where F and g are the focal lengths of the object speculum and the eyeglass, e and e' the distances of the centre of the reflector from the object-glass and the eye-glass, d the distance of this centre from the focus of the object-glass, and A the radius of the image made by the object-glass.

MR. TARLETON.

13. A prismatic diving bell, whose height is c, is sunk in a lake so that its top is at a depth a; the parallel faces of the prism being horizontal, and the height of the water barometer at the surface of the lake being h, find the space occupied by the compressed air in the bell.

14. If a body rotate round a fixed axis under the influence of any forces, show that the moment of inertia round the axis multiplied by the differential coefficient of the angular velocity is equal to the moment of the forces round the same axis.

15. Show that the equation of time vanishes four times in the year. 16. Given the mean anomaly of a planet, show how to find the eccentric anomaly by successive approximations.