MEDICAL SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION.

DR. BENNETT.

1. Describe the dissection required to expose fully the accessory flexor muscle of the foot, and state its attachments, &c.

2. Trace accurately the course of the left phrenic nerve, and compare its relations with those of the corresponding nerve of the right side.

3. Explain the absence of bilateral symmetry in the arrangement of the great veins entering the heart.

4. Describe the attachments, action, and nerve supply of the oblique muscles of the eye.

5. Mention the course and relations of the ophthalmic artery.

6. Name the parts connected by the following commissures in the encephalon "The fornix," "the anterior commissure," "the great superior longitudinal commissure," and "the soft commissure."

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7. Describe the ligaments of the urinary bladder in the male.

8. Give a description of the arrangement and distribution of the blood vessels of the kidney.

9. Describe the course and relations of the superior maxillary branch of the fifth cerebral nerve.

10. Describe the articulations of the ribs with the vertebral column.

ANATOMY (DESCRIPTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL).
PROFESSOR M'DOWEL.

1. The functions performed by the oblique muscles of the eyeball? 2. Describe the lachrymal caruncle, and mention any analogous structures.

3. What in man is the representative of the nictitating membrane of birds and reptiles?

4. The nervous supply and the mode of action of the cricothyroid muscle?

5. What are the attachments of the epiglottis ?

6. Mention the origins and distribution of the following nerves :— Nervus tympanicus, greater superficial petrosal, lesser superficial petrosal, and lesser palatine nerves.

7. The relations of the trunk of the internal epigastric artery?

8. Describe the portal venous system of the kidney.

9. What nerves are found in the iliac fossa? Distinguish those superficial to, and those deeper than, the fascia iliaca.

10. Describe and contrast the intestinal glands of Brunn and Peyer.

MATERIA MEDICA.

DR. AQUILLA SMITH.

1. How is commercial Iodine purified, and what is the chief impurity removed by the process?

2. Tartaric and citric acids, both in powder, how are they to be distinguished?

3. What drugs are produced only in Africa? Describe one of them, and state its therapeutic action and dose.

4. Give the different methods of administering Balsam of Copaiba, and write a prescription for an eight-ounce mixture of which Copaiba is the active constituent.

5. Why is fine iron wire directed to be used in making "Liquor Ferri Pernitratis"?

6. In making the preparations of Sarsaparilla, why is the Sarsaparilla directed to be "not split"?

7. What drugs and preparations are most affected by exposure to light and air, and by contact with organic matter?

8. Commercial Sulphate of Quinia may contain Salicin, Cinchonia, and Quinidia; how is the presence of these substances to be detected ?

9. In making "Aqua Lauro-cerasi," give the reason for crushing the leaves, filtering the distillate, and preserving the water in a stoppered bottle.

10. Contrast the characters of Bromide of Potassium and Iodide of Potassium, and give the respective tests for the constituents of each salt.

CHEMISTRY.

DR. APJOHN.

1. In the British Pharmacopoeia perchloride of iron is prepared by first making chloride of iron, and then converting this into perchloride; why is the latter salt not made by the more direct and speedy process of acting on metallic iron with aqua regia?

2. A solution containing chloride of iron, nitre, and hydrochloric acid, when heated evolves nitric oxide; how is such a result explained?

3. How would you convert arsenious into arsenic acid, and reduce arsenic to arsenious acid? State also how you would convert arsenious acid into arseniuretted hydrogen; and specify the reactions which ensue when this latter compound is made to pass into a solution of nitrate of silver.

4. Two liquid drachms of hydrocyanic acid, of specific gravity 0.984, when supersaturated with potash, did not give a permanent precipitate with the volumetric solution of nitrate of silver until 161.5 measures of this solution had been added; from these data deduce its percentage of absolute acid.

5. What is the method proposed by Schneider for separating arsenic from organic matter? When thus insulated, what is the form in which

it is obtained, and what are the test experiments which you would perform upon it?

6. What amount of amylic alcohol would it be necessary to oxidate in order that, when converted into valerianate of zinc, this salt should weigh 100 grains? Specify also the theoretic quantities of oil of vitriol and bichromate of potash which it would be necessary to use, and the weight of the chrome alum produced in the process.

7. What amount of crystallized green vitriol would, when precipitated by ferridcyanide of potassium, yield 120 grains of Turnbull's blue?

8. How would you analyze, according to the method of Andral and Gavarret, the crassamentum of blood so as to determine the respective weights of the fibrin, the albumen, and the globules contained in it?

9. In the case of a mixed calculus, consisting of uric acid, mulberry calculus, and fusible calculus, how would you determine the amount of each ?

10. Write the formula of glycerine, viewed as a triatomic alcohol, and explain how it may be insulated in the process for the preparation of litharge ointment; give, at the same time, the composition of the stearic, margaric, palmitic, and oleic acids which are produced in the saponification of fatty matters.

1. What is meant by a

BOTANY.

DR. DICKSON.

leaf-arrangement? and how many vertical ranks do the leaves form here upon the stem?

2. Define the terms "perfoliate" and "connate" as applied to leaves. 3. How do the prickles on the Bramble differ from the spines on the Hawthorn ?

4. How might you recognise a leaf-like shoot, independently of any development of leaves or buds upon it?

5. State the relative position of the micropyle to the chalaza and hilum in an anatropal ovule.

6. State what is meant by "ruminated" albumen, and give an example.

7. Given a plant with

Calyx of 5 persistent sepals, produced at their bases;

Corolla dialypetalous, irregular; odd petal inferior, spurred;

Stamens 5, hypogynous, more or less synantherous; the two lower with spur-like appendages;

Fruit capsular, 1-celled, opening by 3 valves, each bearing a parietal placenta on its middle; seeds albuminous; Name the natural order.

8. Name a natural order where the corolla is gamopetalous, and the stamens are not adherent to the tube of the corolla.

9. State as briefly as possible the differences between the orders Boraginacea and Labiata as to stem, leaves, inflorescence, corolla, and stamens.

10. State the natural order of the plant before you, and the form of inflorescence here exhibited.

PREVIOUS MEDICAL EXAMINATION.

ANATOMY.

PROFESSOR M'DOWEL.

1. The origin and intra-spinal relations of the spinal accessory nerve? 2. Describe a spinal nerve, its mode of origin, intra-spinal course, and general mode of distribution.

3. Enumerate the branches of the external carotid, dividing them into those given off (a) below and those given off (6) above the digastric muscle.

4. Give the nervous supply of the following muscles:-Trapezius, Serratus Magnus, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Minor, Teres Minor, Deltoid, Brachiæus Internus.

5. Define the position and extent of the cavity of the omentum, and mention the boundaries of the foramen of Winslow.

6. Trace from its origin the gastro-duodenalis artery, and its branches. 7. What parts would you remove in order to exhibit the deep muscles of the back of the leg? Mention the origins and relative positions of these muscles.

8. Enumerate the branches, and mention the muscular relations of the anterior tibial artery in its course down the leg.

9. Enumerate the bones with which the external cuneiform, second metatarsal and cuboid bones, respectively, are articulated.

10. The ligaments which are connected with the lower end of the fibula, and their several bony attachments.

MATERIA MEDICA.

DR. AQUILLA SMITH.

1. Give the officinal names of the plants which yield Aconitia, Atropia, Beberia, and Veratria, and the composition of " Unguentum Veratriæ."

2. State the exact composition of " Pulvis Jalapa Compositus" and of "Pulvis Scammonii Compositus."

3. Give the botanical names and distinctive characters of the three kinds of Buchu in the Pharmacopoeia.

4. Contrast the characters of Carbonate of Soda and Carbonate of Potash, and give the tests for Potash.

5. Give the botanical names of the drugs derived from the Natural Order "Euphorbiacea."

6. State the composition of "Confectio Terebinthine," and explain the principle on which it is made, in order to prevent the oil of turpentine from floating when the Confection is rubbed up with water.

7. What is the difference in the composition of "Pilula Aloes Barbadensis" and "Pilula Aloes Socotrina"?

8. Name the five solvents which are employed in making the Tinctures in the Pharmacopoeia, and give an example of each.

9. Describe "Catechu Pallidum." From what plant is it obtained? and what preparation of it is in the Pharmacopoeia?

10. How many grains of " Pilula Ferri Iodidi" are equivalent to one fluid drachm of "Syrupus Ferri Iodidi”?

CHEMISTRY.

DR. APJOHN.

1. A thermometer with moistened bulb in ordinary states of the atmosphere shows a temperature lower than that of the air; explain the cause of this, and why it does not continue to descend indefinitely.

2. When a plate of zinc and a plate of copper are immersed in an acid, and then inclined so as to make them touch, certain phenomena are witnessed; state what these are, and give a general rule for inferring the direction of the galvanic current.

3. Describe and explain the process of the British Pharmacopoeia for preparing "acidum phosphoricum dilutum," and mention the tests which should be applied to the product for the purpose of ascertaining whether it does or does not contain pyrophosphoric or metaphosphoric acid.

4. Write the formula of oil of vitriol; explain its action on chloride of calcium; and give the tests for detecting in it nitric, arsenious, or arsenic acids, should such be present.

5. What is the composition of bone-earth, and how would you treat it so as to extract from it "calcis phosphas præcipitata."

6. Give the processes for the preparation of the arseniate and phosphate of iron of the British Pharmacopoeia; mention also how these preparations may be distinguished from each other, and how the amount of iron present in each as protoxide may be determined volumetrically.

7. Detail and explain the different steps of the process for converting hydrocyanic acid into Prussian blue.

8. Give a succinct account of the process for preparing tartaric acid; write its formula, and mention the tests for distinguishing it from the oxalic and citric acids.

9. What are the integer numbers which represent approximately the ratio between the respective weights of fibrin, albumen, and globules in normal blood; state also the proximate principles which enter into the constitution of the globules, and how they may be separated from each other.

10. Hippuric acid, discovered by Liebig in human urine, is now viewed as a colligated acid; explain how it is prepared from the urine of the cow, write its formula, and mention the proximate principles which enter into its constitution.