8. Is the right of petition guaranteed by the Con stitution?

It is; for Congress can pass no law interfering with "the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Art. I.

9. Is it the duty of Congress to receive all peti tions that are respectfully presented?

It is.

10. Can the yovernment disarm the people?

"A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." Art. II.

11. What is said respecting quartering soldiers? "No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. - Art. III.

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12. What is the provision against unreasonable searches and seizures?

per

"The right of the people to be secure in their sons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated.". Art. IV.

13. What is required in order that a warrant can be issued by a magistrate?

No warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized.". - Art. IV.

14. What is required before a man can be tried for a capital or infamous crime?

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising ir the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger." Art. V.

15. What is an indictment?

An accusation, indorsed by the grand jury, certi fying that they have found sufficient evidence of guilt to justify the trial of the accused.

16. Suppose a man has been tried for his life, and acquitted for want of evidence of his guilt, and afterwards overwhelming proof of his guilt is found?

He cannot be arrested and tried again; for the Constitution says, "Nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." Art. V.

17. Can any one be compelled to bear witness against himself?

No one "shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." Art. V.

18. Can the government take for the public use the property of citizens?

Not without just compensation; for the Constitution forbids that "private property be taken for pub. Ec use without just compensation." - Art. V.

19. What provision is made for the trial of those accused of crime?

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the

crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law."— Art. VI.

20. What injustice does this provision guard against?

It secures the accused against a long imprisonment before being brought to trial, and prevents them from being taken for trial to a part of the country remote from the scene of the alleged crime.

21. What further provision is made for justice to the accused?

The Constitution requires that he "be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence." Art. VI.

22. Are such safeguards necessary?

The history of the past shows that men were often condemned to punishment without knowing the crimes with which they were charged, nor the testimony that was brought against them, and without having the means or opportunity of defence.

23. What is the provision for trial by jury in suits at common law?

"In suits at common law, where the value in con troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reëxamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.". - Art. VII.

24. What is the provision in relation to excessive bail and cruel punishments?

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor exces sive fines imposed, nor cruel nor unusual punishments inflicted." - Art. VIII.

25. What is the ninth article of amendment?

"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparaga others retained by the people."

26. What is the tenth article?

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."

27. Does the word "expressly" occur before "delegated"?

It does not.

28. What is the amendment relating to the judi cial power?

"The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against any one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of a foreign state.” Art. XI.

29. What was the object of this amendment ? To prevent suits from being brought against a state by citizens of another state.

30. If a citizen is wronged by a state, how can re obtain justice?

By the passage by the legislature of the state of a law for his relief.

31. What does the thirteenth amendment do? It abolishes slavery.

32. What does the fourteenth amendment do? It states who are citizens, apportions representatives according to population, states who may hold office, and affirms the validity of the public debt. What does the fifteenth amendment do?

33.

It provides that the right of suffrage shall not be denied to persons of color, and those who have been slaves.

CHAPTER XXIV.

CONSTITUTIONS OF THE STATES.

1. What may be said of the constitutions of the several states?

They are, in the main, similar to the Constitution of the United States, and similar to one another. 2. How were they made?

By conventions of delegates chosen in each state for that purpose.

3. How do they all divide the powers of government?

Into the legislative, judicial, and executive depart ments.

4. Are all the state legislatures composed of troo houses?

They are.

5. How often do the legislatures meet?

In most of the states they meet annually; in some biennially.