THE

AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF

SCIENCE AND ARTS.

CONDUCTED BY

PROFESSORS B. SILLIMAN AND JAMES D. DANA,

IN CONNECTION WITH

PROFESSORS ASA GRAY, AND WOLCOTT GIBBS,
OF CAMBRIDGE,

AND

PROFESSORS H. A. NEWTON, S. W. JOHNSON,
GEO. J. BRUSH, AND A. E. VERRILL,
OF NEW HAVEN.

SECOND SERIES.

VOL. XLVII.-[WHOLE NUMBER, XCVII.]
Nos. 139, 140, 141.

JANUARY, MARCH, MAY.

WITH TWO PLATES.

NEW HAVEN: EDITORS.

1869.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR, 221 STATE ST.

CONTENTS OF VOL. XLVII.

NUMBER CXXXIX.

ART. I.—An account of the Meteor which burst over Weston

in Connecticut, in December, 1807, and of the falling of

stones on that occasion; by Professors SILLIMAN and

KINGSLEY,

II-On the distillation of dense Hydrocarbons at high tem-

peratures, technically termed "Cracking;" by S. F.

РЕСКНАМ,-

III.—On the Chromites of Magnesium; by W. R. NICHOLS,

IV.—Notices of papers in Physiological Chemistry—No. II;

by GEORGE F. BARKER,...

V.-Derivative Hypothesis of Life and Species; by Profes-

sor OWEN,....

VI.-On some phenomena of Binocular Vision; by JOSEPH

LECONTE,

VII.-On the Geology of Lower Louisiana and the Rock-salt

Deposit of Petite Anse; by EUGENE W. HILGARD, - - - -

VIII-Notes on the recent volcanic disturbances of Hawaii;

by Rev. TITUS COAN,--

Page.

1

9

16

20

33

68

77

IX.-Geographical Notices; by D. C. GILMAN,-

X.-Meteors of November 14th, 1868,--

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

89

98

118

Physics and Chemistry.-Spectral analysis of the protuberances observed during a

total eclipse of the sun, 127.-On the magnetism of chemical combinations,

WIEDEMANN, 128.-On a new series of chemical reactions produced by light,

TYNDALL, 129.-On the carbonaceous matter of meteorites: On the separation of

Nickel and Cobalt from Manganese, by T. H. HENRY, 130.

Mineralogy and Geology.-Note on the supposed Fossil Footmarks in Kansas, by C.

H. HITCHCOCK, 132.—On Ivigtite, by G. HAGEMANN, 133.-Notes on the Chemical

Geology of the Gold-fields of California, by J. ARTHUR PHILLIPS, 134.-Gold in

Rhinebeck, Dutchess county, New York, 139.

Botany.-Botanical Necrology for 1868, GEORGE A. WALKER-ARNOTT, 140: NATHAN-

IEL BAGSHAW WARD, 141: EDWARD PEPPIG, Dr. SCHNITZLEIN and FRANÇOIS

DELESSERT, 142: HORACE MANN: Index to the Native and Scientific names of

Indian and other Eastern Economic Plants and Objects, by J. FORBES WATSON:

Synopsis Filicum, or Synopsis of all known Ferns, including the Osmundaceæ,

Schizæaceæ, Marattiaceæ and Ophioglossaceae, by Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER

and JOHN GILBERT BAKER, 143.-Plantæ Wrightianæ Cubenses, WRIGHT, 144.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.--The Flow of the Great Lakes, 145.

Miscellaneous Bibliography.-How Crops Grow; a Treatise on the Chemical Com-

position, Structure and Life of the Plant, by SAMUEL W. JOHNSON, 147.-Outlines

of Comparative Anatomy and Medical Zoology, by HARRISON ALLEN, 149.—A

List of the Birds of New England, by ELLIOTT COUES: Synopsis of the Birds of

South Carolina, by ELLIOTT COUES: The Butterflies of North America, by Wм.

H. EDWARDS: Extra Digits, by BURT G. WILDER: The Natural Wealth of Cali-

fornia, &c., by TITUS TEY CRONISE, 150.-Outlines of Physiology, Human and

Comparative, by JOHN MARSHALL: Reliquiæ Aquitanicæ: Geological Survey of

Illinois, WORTHEN, 151.

Proceedings of Societies, 152.

NUMBER CXL.

Page.

153

ART. XI.-On some phenomena of Binocular Vision; by

Prof. JOSEPH LECONTE,

XII.-Contributions to Chemistry from the Laboratory of

the Lawrence Scientific School. No. 6.-On a new Salt

containing Tin, Casium and Chlorine; by S. P. SHARPLES, 178

XIII.-Upon the Atomic Volumes of Liquids; by FRANK

WIGGLESWORTH CLARKE,

---

XIV. On the Occultator; by Prof. LEWIS R. GIBBES,

-

180

XV. On the wave lengths of the Spectral Lines of the Ele-

ments; by WOLCOTT GIBBS,

194

-----

XVI. On the condition of our knowledge of the Processes

in Luminous Flames; by EUGENE W. HILGARD,

XVII.—A notice of some Manuscripts in Central American

Languages; by DANIEL G. BRINTON,

XVIII.-Notices of New Meteoric Irons in the United

States; by CHARLES UPHAM SHEPARD,..

XIX.-On Nitrification; by S. W. JOHNSON,

218

222

230

234

XX.-Geological Notes on the Andes of Ecuador; by JAMES

ORTON,

XXI.-Observations upon Autumnal Foliage; by JOSEPH

WHARTON,

242

251

XXII.—On a Modified Form of the Nitrate of Silver Test

for Arsenic Acid; by CHARLES E. AVERY,-

XXIII.—Notices of papers in Physiological Chemistry; by

GEORGE F. BARKER. No. II.....

255

258

XXIV.—A New Meteoric Iron-"The Wisconsin Meteor-

ites"-with some remarks on the Widmanstättian Fig-

ures; by J. LAWRENCE SMITH, .

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

271

Physics and Chemistry.-On the wave lengths of the metallic rays, THALEN, 272.

-On spectral analyses: On a normal spectrum of the sun, FIZEAU: On the red

protuberances from the surface of the sun, 273.-Further observations on the

spectra of some of the stars and nebulæ, etc., HUGGINS, 274.

Mineralogy and Geology.-Recherches Anatomiques et Paléontológiques pour servir

à l'histoire des Oiseaux fossiles de la France, par A. MILNE EDWARDS, 276.-Re-

port on recent Explorations in the Gibraltar Caves, by FRED. Brome, 277.—

On Calamiteæ and Fossil Equisetaceæ, by WILLIAM CARRUTHERS: Geological

Map of New Jersey, by GEORGE H. COOK: New Geological Map of Wisconsin,

by I. A. LAPHAM: Reliquiæ Aquitanicæ, 279.-Gold in Scotland, 280.

Botany and Zoology.-Field, Forest, and Garden Botany, a simple introduction to

the common plants of the United States east of the Mississippi, both wild and

cultivated, by ASA GRAY: Are Unios sensitive to light? note by C. A. WHITE, 280.

-Critical Remarks on Halcyonoid Polyps; No. 3, by A. E. VERRILL, 282.—On

the Distribution of Fresh-water Fishes in the Allegheny Region of South West-

ern Virginia, by E. D. COPE: Catalogue of the Reptiles and Batrachians found in

the vicinity of Springfield, Mass., with Notices of all other Species known to in-

habit the State, by J. A. ALLEN, 285.-Notes on Radiata in the Museum of

Yale College, No. 6.-Review of the Corals and Polyps of the West Coast of

America, by A. E. VERRILL: Annual Report of the Trustees of the Museum of

Comparative Zoology, 286.

Astronomy.-Meteors in August, 1868: Le Stelle Cadenti del Periodo di Agosto, os-

servate in Piemonte ed in altre Contrade d'Italia nel 1868: Error in Stanley's

Logarithmic Tables, 287.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Convention of American Philologists, 287.-

Gynecological Society, of Boston, 288.-Obituary.-Carl Friederich Philipp von

Martius, 288.-John Cassin, 291.-Prof. Theodore Strong, 293.-James David

Forbes: Dr. Hörnes, 294.

Miscellaneous Bibliography.-Handbook of Chemistry, for School and Home use, by

W. J. ROLFE and J. A. GILLET, 294.-Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engineering Mag-

azine: Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:

The Manufacturer and Builder: Blank Maps for marking the distribution of

Plants and Animals, 295.-Le Naturaliste Canadien, 296.

Proceedings of Societies, etc., 296.