ness.

offices, such as the compting-house, and other buildings essentially necessary for the purposes of carrying on the cotton spinning busiEntrance to these cotton mills is out of Church-street, nearly opposite to Mr. Hope's academy, and has of late been much improved by an elegant porter's lodge, and three entrances being erected; two of which, situate on each side of the middle or larger doorway, are ornamented with stone tablets being placed immediately over them, bearing the following inscriptions: “No admittance except on business," and on the other, "Church-street cotton mills." The middle entrance is surmounted by a semicircular iron branch, with a lamp suspended in the centre, which gives the whole of these extensive works an unique appearance. The engine worked here is forty-five horses power. Firm, Messrs. Ainsworths, Catterall, and Co.

HORROCKS, JACSON, AND CO.'s COTTON MILLS AND WAREHOUSE.

These buildings are situate at the bottom of Turk's-head-court, near Syke-hill, consisting of two spinning factories, and a large warehouse, containing the compting-house, and other apartments used for carrying on the business of a cotton manufactory. There is a spiral staircase lately erected, and a bell on one of the factories. The steam-engine worked here is fifteen horses power. Firm, Messrs. Horrocks, Jacson, and Co.

CLAYTON'S COTTON MILLS.

This long building stands in Moor-lane, and was first erected by Collison and Watson, in 1771. (The population was only at that time 8,000.) It consists of a long range of building, built of brick, containing twenty-two windows in length, by four stories high, with an engine of ten horses power, and a cupola mounting the top of the roof. The present proprietor is Edward Clayton, Esq. whose house adjoins the building.

KAYE'S COTTON MILLS.

This large building is situated near Nock's Folly, upon the left hand side leading to the Marsh, built of brick, in the year 1817, with a flat roof. It has ten windows in length, by six stories high. The yard is walled in, with a good entrance. The engine is eighteen horses power. The proprietor, Mr. Kaye, has erected a

good dwelling-house attiguous to this building; and many new houses are erected in its immediate vicinity.

PARK AND SONS' COTTON MILLS.

This extensive building stands attiguous to the canal iron foundry, of Lord Balcarras, of brick, for the purposes of spinning only, lighted by ten windows in length, and six stories high, erected in the year 1817. The engine worked here is eighteen horses power. Firm, Messrs. Park and Sons.

WILLOW-STREET COTTON MILLS.

This extensive building stands partly in Leeming-street, and Willow-street, and is sometimes called Leeming-street factory. It is built of brick, containing to the front of the street fourteen windows in length, by four stories high; and at the end turning up to the porter's gate, there are ten windows more in length, by four stories in height; this end faces the north and has a kind of pedimental appearance. Behind this well-lighted building, there is an inner court yard, walled in, by a new door-way, and watchman'slodge, through which you have to pass when on business; which renders the whole works more compact than they were before, when a direct road was permitted into Willow-street. The east side of this said factory, fronting the counting-house, contains ten windows in length, by four stories high. There is another building, forming a right angle from the aforesaid factory, lighted by six windows in length, and three stories high, the cupola stands upon this edifice, mounted with a gilt vane, and a ship crowning the whole. There is also an extensive warehouse attiguous, fronting these cotton mills, lighted by fifteen windows in the front base, by four stories high, together with machine shops, and other outoffices adapted to the spinning and manufucturing businesses. The engine here is now putting up, and is computed to have the power of thirty-six horses. Proprietor, J. Swainson, Esq. whose residence is at Frenchwood-house, within Fishwick, in the immediate vicinage of the town.

PALEY AND Co.'s COTTON MILLS, AND LEIGHTON AND Co.'s

WAREHOUSE.

These buildings stand at the top of Heatley-street, leading out

of Friargate, used for the cotton spinning only, are two in number, adjoining each other. The first erection is lighted by fifteen windows in length, and four windows in height; built of stone. The other factory is built of brick, lighted by nine windows in length, and six stories high, with a machine-shop underneath, a foundry, and other necessary out-offices. This cotton mill is ornamented with a pediment and cupola, mounted by a vane. The engine worked here is twenty-one horses power.

Messrs. Wm. Leighton and Co.'s warehouse forms a part of these extensive buildings, and is solely used for the general purposes of the cotton manufacturing business.

Messrs. Paley and Co. are now adopting at their works, Messrs. Parke's apparatus for consuming smoke, and little doubt remains but that, in a short time, the town will be entirely free from the nuisance which hitherto proceeded from the various steam-engine chimneys. Hence a manufacturing town like Preston, need no longer be enveloped with gloom, proceeding from an atmosphere amalgamised with smoke, so as to be impervious to the cheering rays of the sun.

CANAL-BANK COTTON MILL, COMMONLY CALLED THE

WORSTED FACTORY.

This building situated on the right hand leading to the ancient Franciscan convent, now called the Old Barracks, and close to the canal banks, is built of stone, containing sixteen windows in length, by six stories high, together with some small out-offices, and a cupola, used for spinning only. The engine worked here is twelve horses power. Firm, Messrs. John Paley and Co.

BACK LANE FACTORY.

This was erected by Mr. Pearson, and stands attiguous to Trinity church, and consists of two buildings, one of stone and the other of brick, separated from each other, and used for cotton spinning only. One building is lighted by nine windows in length, and four stories high, with a cupola; the other contains seven windows, by 3 stories high, with a steam-engine of seven horses power. Firm, Messrs. Caton and Leche.

INTERNAL ECONOMY OF THE TOWN.

SHAMBLES.

THE Shambles*, near Molyneux-square, are built in the form of a street, (chiefly the property of the Earl of Derby,) they have a sort of rude piazza, standing upon stone maintainers, and are two stories high; the rooms over them are occupied by various persons; the shops have the respective names of each occupier painted over the doorways. The Strait Shambles branch out into the Marketplace, and are very narrow and incommoding. A stone tablet is placed immediately over the archway at the entrance out of Church-street, bearing the following inscription :-' "These Shambles were built Anno. Dom. 1715, by Thos. Molyneux, Esq. second son of Sir Jno. Molyneux, Bart. of Teversal, in yo county of Nottingham," surmounted by the coat armour of this family of Des Moulines, or Molyneux, which is as follows,-Azure, a cross moline pierced, or. Crest-Out of a cap of dignity, a peacock's tail in her pride, proper. This family had all the tract of land which lay between the rivers Ribble and Mersey given them, by William the Conqueror; and for their valiant services done in Scotland, had granted them for a crest-a dexter hand issuing out of flames of fire, holding an eagle's leg erased, all proper. Their seat is at Teversal, in the county of Nottingham.

There are six entrances into these Shambles, for the accommodation of the towns people. First, the main entrance out of Churchstreet; second, the one out of Lord-street, by the Bull and Butcher; third, another coming out of Lord-street, by the Butcher's Arms,

* These Shambles possess twelve rude stone maintainers, to the front. It would be a great improvement were these pile of buildings entirely pulled down, and others sub. stituted in their place, or otherwise erected in a more eligible situation. The increase of population, and other subsequent improvements, loudly call for this.

commonly called "Ward's end;" together with three out of the Market-place, viz.—Through the Gin-bow-entry, the Strait Shambles, and up Mrs. Rigby's yard, commonly called the Blue Anchor yard.

The original shambles formerly stood in the street leading out of the Market-place into Church-street, immediately opposite Midsprit-wiend, and called to this day the Old Shambles.

In order to obviate the filth produced in the Shambles by killing the cattle, slaughter-houses were erected in November, 1818, at the bottom of Bolton's-court, attiguous to Syke-hill. It were to be wished that the French mode of slaughtering animals were adopted. Lord Somerville, the patron of the agricultural society, some years ago made an attempt to introduce into England this simple but humane mode of killing the larger animals, by simply dividing or wounding the spinal marrow, (a practice known amongst them by the phrase, pithing,) but he could not prevail over the obstinacy and prejudice of ancient custom. The French have a gentle mode of killing their beasts, whilst the English are violent and outrageous. First, the peasantry live on terms of familiarity with their animals, and treat them with such kindness that they will follow them any where; and secondly, the place of slaughter is, after every instance, effectually cleansed from the smell of blood. The butcher who performs the operation has not even occasion for an assistant; nor is their the least noise, except what is occasioned by the falling down of the animal. This humane inode is practised all over the continent, and no man of cominon feeling can refrain from wishing it to be adopted by ourselves.

INSPECTING OFFICE.

An Inspecting-office was established in the Shambles, during the mayoralty of Wm. Prichard, Esq. in 1800. It appears, that from September 8th, 1815, to September 4th, 1816, 17,554 hides, consisting of cow, calf, and sheep skins, were duly examined by the inspector. And from September, 1819, to September, 1820, the following number were also inspected at this office, viz.-1,739 hides, 2,691 calf skins, and 10,203 sheep skins.

FISH-STONES.

The Fish-stones are situated on the north side of the Market