and thirty-eight tunnels have been made, of a total length of 30,000 feet, the longest one being 5,600 feet. This watershed gives name to Sommerau (Station), the summit one on the line, towards which it ascends from Eisenberg like a corkscrew. Another station between this and Villingen is Hirsach (Station). The road from Hornberg to the next town leads up the valley of the Gutach, winding in immense curves until it suddenly carries you to the entrance of the little town of Tryberg (Inns: Löwe; Post).-A place with 800 inhabitants, romantically situated off the high road, and hemmed in by lofty precipices. Tryberg is the principal market for the clocks of the Black Forest, and for the yellow-coloured straw hats worn by the peasantry. Over 200,000 of these clocks are yearly exported, under the name of Dutch clocks, to the various countries of Europe, and to America and China. The waterfall will attract attention as a very pretty cascade. It is formed by the mountain brooks which unite, and from one of the precipices hemming in the town, pour their waters into the chasm below, causing a great number of small cascades. Its singularity renders it as deserving of being seen as any of the Swiss waterfalls, and it is really one of the most notable spots of the Black Forest. The mountains are partly covered with dark fir-trees, and every object has already an Alpine appearance. St. Georgen.-The only object worth notice at this place is the old Benedictine Abbey, burnt by the Duke of Würtemburg, because the monks would profess the Lutheran doctrine, but another was soon erected again, and the ruins of the old one preserved. From here the road inclines to a descent until we reach rail again at Villingen (Station)-Inns: Post; Blume; both indifferent-the projected termination of the Black Forest line. A small market town with a population of 3,870, 42 miles north-west of Constance. The town itself presents the appearance of a square intersected at right angles by two principal streets, at each end of which there is a gate. Near Swenningen, 4 miles east of this place, is the source of the Neckar. We are now in a country that can fairly be called cascade land, so plentifully does it abound in fountains and water falls; the reservoirs of the Black Forest feed the two principal rivers in Europe. The two extremities of a Continent receive the melted snow flakes of its ridges, and in many instances the water drops of its houses find their way in one direction to the German Ocean, and in another to the Black Sea, though they originally melted and dropped within a stone's jerk of each other. Donaueschingen (Station)-Inns: Schütze; Falke. The capital of the principality of Baar, once the property of the Prince of Fürstenberg, one of the mediatised princes, whose palace is the principal building of the town, which contains 3,150 inhabitants. In the garden of the palace is the Source of the Danube, a circular basin of clear sparkling water, conducted through a channel under ground for about fifty yards into the Briegach, from this spot called the Danube. Though the two upper streams, the Brege and the Briegach, are long, yet they are not known as the Danube until they join the stream of the castle garden, but for which, despite the length of their course, they would be liable to be exhausted: hence the claim of this court-yard basin to be called the source of the Danube, whose real origin like that of the Nile, is very obscure. The country for miles around Donaueschingen is moist and marshy, the seat of innumerable springs, all flowing to the Danube. At Hülfingen, about a mile from this place, our road crosses the Brege, which is joined by the Briegach, a mile further down, and considered the chief stream of the Danube. Hence to Constance by rail, winds round by Geisengen (Station) and Engen (Station)-remarkable as the spot whence the Austrians were defeated by Moreau in 1800, both sides losing 7,000 men. The height of Hohenhöwen, an extinct volcano, was occupied by the Austrians, but were driven from it by the French. At Singen (Station) the lines to Schaffhausen and Constance part off. The road to Schaffhausen is more direct. It leads through a bare and open country in the midst of which we see to the left the ruined castle of Fürstenberg. We pass the small village of Riedböhringen and Blumberg, a miserable post house, near which is the Custom House. The ascent and descent of the Rande, a very steep hill, occupies this stage. A magnificent view can be enjoyed from the summit of the hill, the spot near the wooden cross. On the left we see the mountains and extinct volcanoes known as the Hohenstoffeln, Hohenkrähe, and Hohentweil, and in the same direction the lake of Constance unfolds its charms to the eyes, whilst the towers of Constance and the snow-capped hills of Switzerland add beautifully to the background of the picture. Midway down is the Custom House of the Baden frontier. Just beyond the road enters Switzerland, and passes through a valley to Schaffhausen (Station).-Hotels: Hotel du Chateau de Laufen, very near the Fall-good, clean, and moderate charges. Hotel de la Couronne, delightfully situated; recommended to English travellers. (The nearest to the landing place.) Belle Vue, close to Railway. Hotel Schweltzerhof, excellent first-class hotel, deservedly recommended. Splendid views. Steamers daily to Constance. For the Falls of the Rhine, &c., see BRADSHAW'S Singen (Station)- as above. Here we pass at the base of the Hohentweil, formerly a famous old castle, and in latter times, a mountain fortress of the late Dukes of Wurtembe. which, however, is now dismantled and standing in ruins on a lofty rock. Radolfzell (Station)-Inn: Post Housewhere the line from Ulni comes in. The town itself is a miserable hole, situated at the end of the extreme branch of the lake of Constance, known as the "Unter See." It contains a very fine old Church, in the German Gothic style. Petershausen-situated on the right bank of the Rhine, which here from a lake becomes a river, was under the Empire a free abbey. Crossing the Rhine near a wooden bridge we reach CONSTANCE (Station), in Baden territory. Inn Hotel du Brocket (Hecht Hotel), first-class establishment, situate opposite the harbour and the lake. It is situated at the north-west extremity of the Bodense, or lake of Constance, on the left bank of the river. Erected by the Romans in the commencement of the fourth century, it was considerably improved since the middle of the sixth century, and flourished as a free imperial town in its trade and manufactures throughout the middle ages. It is dull and monotonous, but the deep interest attached to its historical traditions cannot fail to make it an agreeable sojourn of a day or two. It formerly contained 40,000 inhabitants, but has, at the present time, not more than a population of 10,300. It has, however, begun to improve lately, and the government have formed a port on the lake, which, whilst adorning the town, is also useful for the purposes of extending and promoting prosperity and trade in all the departments of their industrial pursuits and energies. It has been formed at an immense cost. The Minster is the principal church in the town, and is a gothic structure erected in 1802, in a cruciform shape, except the sixteen columns that support the nave, each hewn out of a single block, 18 feet high, which date from the 13th century. The platform of the steeple affords a delightful and extensive view of the distant shores of Suabia and the Vorarlberg, at whose back you see on one side the mountains and the seven hills of Graubuenten, and on the other the chain of the Appenzell. Circular arches in the Romanesque style flank the nave, in the centre of which, close to the pulpit, a stone attracts your attention. That is the spot on which the martyred Huss stood when receiving sentence of death by the state from the wretched men who constituted themselves his judges. A remarkable tomb of English brass stands in front of the grand altar. Beneath it lie interred the mortal remains of Robert Hallam, Bishop of Salisbury, who attended the council with a deputation from the English church. He is represented as wearing the order of the garter. The stalls of the choir will deeply interest the visitor, who cannot fail to be delighted with the exquisite carvings ornamenting them. The death of the virgin, represented by life-like figures, in the north transept, is worth inspection, as also the beautiful tracery work of the still existing sides of the ancient cloisters. A circus like building is seen in one of their angles, and in its centre a round room, in the Gothic style, containing a number of curiously devised scriptural figures. It is used for the commemoration services of the passion, on Good Friday. In the sacristy are some very curious relics, Brabant lace, and a beautiful mantelpiece. The cupboards or presses in the upper vestry-room will interest. The Dominican Convent, now a cotton factory, stands upon a little island, once a Roman fortification. In it is shewn the spot where Huss' stone prison, now removed to the Kaufhaus, stood. The church, chapter house, and cloisters, form very picturesque ruins. The Hall of the Kaufhaus will be ever memorable as the place within whose portals was held the famous Council of Constance, in 1414-18, consisting of thirty princes and cardinals, four patriarchs, 20 archbishops, 150 bishops, 200 doctors of divinity, and a host of other secular and clerical dignitaries. The readers of history are familiar with the acts of this council, which deposed the infamous John XXIII. and Benedict XIII., electing Martin V. instead. No time can ever obliterate, nor blot out its infamy and horrible cruelty in sending to the stake Jerome of Prague and John Huss. Their unprincipled and treacherous seizure and barbarous murder will ever remain as incentives to execrate and detest the memories and principles of the civil and ecclesiastical monsters who sent them to the faggot, and condemned them to torture. Though centuries have rolled by since the crime was perpetrated, the murder is not forgotten, nor the memory of these heroic men less enshrined in the affectionate respect of the high-minded and just, because they were murdered for the sake of a principle. The curiosities of the hall are the chairs in which sat the emperor and pope, Huss' bible, a model of his dungeon, the car on which he was drawn to execution, the figure of Abraham, that supported the pulpit in the minster, and other relics of the council, besides a collection of Roman and German antiquities. Parties are charged lfl. for admission. The house in which Huss had apartments is seen in the Paul's Strasse, near the Schnetzthor. M He was imprisoned first in the Franciscan, but was soon conveyed to the stone dungeon in the Dominican convent. In the suburb of Brühl, outside the town, is the field in which he suffered death with heroic fortitude. The spot is shewn where the stake was placed, and earthen images of Huss and Jerome are offered for sale. In Constance was negotiated the treaty of peace between the Swiss confederation and Sigismund, of Austria, and signed at Aarberg, in July, 1415. The house behind the hotel Hecht, with the beautiful Gothic window, is that where the emperor lodged. The treaty of Presburg, in 1815, transferred Constance from Austria to Baden, and, since 1802, it is no longer an Episcopal see. The navigation of Lake Constance is accom plished by seven or eight steamers, which keep up a communication several times a day with the principal places upon its banks. The traffic upon this lake has received a considerable impetus from the formation of a port at Friedrichshafen, and the southern terminus of the Würtemberg railway; and by the completion of the Bavarian railway to Lindau, by which it is brought into communication with Munich and the rest of Germany. The northern banks of the lake are flat; but the southern side presents a series of picturesque views, having the mountains of Appenzel and St. Gall, together with those of the Tyrol, in the background. Excursions can be made from here to Reichenau, situated in the broad part of the Rhine, and famed for its monastery, founded by Charlemagne; and to Meinau, 4 miles north, famous as being once the seat of the commandery of the knights of the Teutonic order. It is approached by a wooden footbridge, which connects it with the shore. From the terrace of the garden surrounding the house in which the commandery dwelt, some delightful views may be had. Railways to Zurich, to Schaffhausen, to St. Gall, to Donaueschingen, to Bâle, and to Freiburg. Steamers to all the ports of the lake, corresponding with diligences, at Rorsrach, at Friedrichshafen with railway for Stuttgart, and at Lindau, with that to Munich and Augsberg. 162 BRADSHAW'S HAND-BOOK TO BELGIUM AND THE RHINE. ROUTE 32. Freiburg to Schaffhausen. By the Höllenthal. Distance, 57 English miles. Eilwägen dailyone direct in eleven hours; the other by Donaueschingen, follows the rail from that place. [Route 32. Steig, a post station, where the traveller may enjoy good accommodation, on reasonable terms. Here a steep slope of the road leads the tourist out of the Höllenthal, and leaving it, he parts with the most striking scenery. At this juncture an extra horse is required, for the ascent of the Höllesteig, for which 1fl. 1: kr. must be paid. Opening in the distance is Himmelrich, or Kingdom of Heaven-called so, we presume, from the very elevated position of the country constituting it. Passing Lenzkirch and Bondorf (19 miles from which is the magnificent Benedictine Abbey of St. Blaize), we arrive at the top of the ascent, from whence may be had a magnificent view of the Lake of Constance. Close by is the castle of Hohenlupfen; and a little further on, after passing Stühlingen, we cross a stream, and journeying on a distance of 11 miles arrive at The route is accomplished through the imposing Höllenthal (i.e., Valley of Hell), which presents the appearance, at its opening, of a flat and fertile plain, enclosed amid sloping and sylvan hills. Nearing the ascent, its original width becomes slowly contracted; and at about 42 miles from Shaffhausen, assumes a magnificently beautiful shade of romantic grandeur. Its woods, rich in foliage, cover the steep sides, from which project sharpened fragments of rock, rugged and naked, having running at their base the Dreisam, whose banks are verdant with turf, and studded with mills. The scenery here will impress the mind of the tourist as partaking of a majestic wildness, Switzerland, famous for her mountain strongblended with a picturesque beauty; Steig and Hirschsprung are the spots most remarkable for the exhibition of this wild and rugged grandeur On the journey we pass Schaffhausen and its Falls. See BRADSHAW's Hand-Book to Switzerland. We now enter holds. The palaces of nature, whose vast walls, Have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalp Of cold sublimity, where forms and falls How earth may soar to heaven, yet leave vain [Freiburg to Schaffhausen, a pleasant two days' journey on foot.-R. S. C.] APPENDIX. I. WIESBADEN (Station), in Nassau. ON THE BRANCH LINE FROM CASTEL AND BIEBRICH, OPPOSITE MAYENCE. See Route 23. square, on the opposite side of which stands the new Theatre, a neat building, where there is always a good company of players during the season; at which period also, concerts and exhibitions are given by artists of celebrity from other towns in Germany, or from London. Across the road is a grass enclosure, bordered by avenues of limes, and on the other side a colonnade for shops. At the extremity stands the Kursaal, an edifice which contains a magnificent saloon for balls and public assemblies, with smaller apartments for refreshment and gaming, licensed by the government for the season, though the inhabitants of the town are prevented from risking their money. English Church Service; and Resident English Gaming is carried on in the salle all day and Physician. The capital of the Duchy of Nassau is encircled by low cultivated fields, behind which, on the north and north-east, rises the range of the Taunus mountains, clothed with pine and other trees, the dark foliage of which forms a pleasant relief to the verdure of the valley, and the white buildings of the town. Wiesbaden, though the residence of the Duke and the seat of government, is still indebted to the celebrity of its waters for its prosperity, and the influx of visitors to it, which amount annually to upwards of 15,000. The old part of the town presents nothing particularly remarkable, but the appearance of the Wilhelm's Strasse, a handsome row of new houses fronting the promenades, is striking. It is called "city of lodging houses," almost every house being appropriated to the accommodation of visitors. a The Kurhaus der Vier Jahreszeiten, one of the most extensive hotels on the, Continent, forms a corner of the Wilhelm's Strasse and one side of a night, and it is calculated that there is lost at these tables annually 275,000f. The ground around the Kursaal is laid out as a public garden, adorned with shrubs, flowers, &c., and sheltered by acacias and other plants. Thither all betake themselves after dinner to sip coffee, smoke, and listen to the band; music is always in attendance during the afternoons in the season. From this pleasure ground an agreeable path is continued by the side of a streamlet up the valley of Sonnenberg as far as the ruin of the ancient castle of Miln from Wiesbaden. Nothing has been left undone to render this town the most frequented watering place in Germany the walks and drives are pleasing and varied, and from the rising grounds the Rhine, with Mayence and other towns on its banks, is seen to advantage. From five to six and eight in the morning, and again in the evening from about six to seven, visitors assemble to drink the waters. They receive their draught at the well in "boiling hot state," and promenade, glass in hand, a long |