The leading facts of astronomy up to the present time are accurately and clearly stated: and in the selection of materials, the arrangement and style, the work appears to be the best elementary book I have seen."-LORD ROSSE, the owner of the great Kusse Telescope.

"In this list we must not omit mention of a remarkable Ameritan woman, who has achieved signal success in the science of astronomy, who, in fact, may justly be termed the Mary Somerville of the United States."-TRÜBNER: Bibliographical Guide, new ed., 1858.

Bouvier, John, 1787-1851, Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal writer, was a native of the village of Codognan in the department of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name with American and English jurisprudence, we need make no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a bst of British and American authors. The first indication which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was the production of an abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries, the fruit of his leisurg hours whilst preparing for admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which, with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations, has attained great and deserved popularity:

A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America, and of the several States of the American Union; with References to the Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols. 4th edit. revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila., 1853, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The following excellent mottoes, than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear on the title-page:

Ignorantis terminis ignorantur et ars."-Co. LITT. 2 a. "Je sais que chaque science et chaque art a ses termes propres, Inconnu au commun des hommes."-FLEURY.

A layman's commendation of a profound professional work very properly carries with it but little weight. For this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always preferred, in our Encyclopædia, to adduce the opinions of eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and ex cathedra.

"Immediately on its appearance, this work received the entire and cordial approval of our most eminent jurists such as Story and Kent. Greenleaf, Randall, and Baldwin. and was received with

equal approbation in other lands. Joy, the distinguished Trish writer of Letters on Legal Education in England and Ireland.' not only commended it in his volume as a work of a most elaborate character as compared with English works of a similar nature,' but in a private letter to its author expressed his sense of his hich reputation. To this work the Judge had devoted the most unremitting labour for ten years: and during the remainder of his life he spent much time on its improvement. Many of its articles were rewritten, and large additions made to it, so that the fourth edi tion may be said to be the work of nearly a quarter of a century." -From the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans. "Bouvier's Law Dictionary is the best book of the kind in use for the American lawyer. It contains sufficient reference to Eng lish and foreign law, with a very full synopsis of such portions of American jurisprudence as require elucidation. In the second edition the author recast many of the titles, and added about a thousand new ones. By means of correspondence with members of the bar in different states, and by a careful examination of local treatises, the author has produced not only a good American Law Dictionary, but one sufficiently local for all practical purposes."Marvin's Legal Bibliography, p. 138.

Extract of a Letter to Judge Bouvier from Chief Justice Story: "A very important and most useful addition to our judicial literature. It supplies a defect in our libraries, where the small dictionaries are so brief as to convey little information of an accurate nature to students, and the large ones are rather compendiums of the law, than explanatory statements of terms. Yours has the great advantage of an intermediate character. It defines terms, and occasionally explains subjects, so as to furnish students at once the means and the outlines of knowledge. I will feel greatly honoured by the dedication of the work to me. &c. With the highest respect, truly your obliged friend, JOSEPH STORY." "I have run over almost every article in it, and beg leave to add, that I have been deeply impressed with the evidences throughout the volumes, of the industry, skill, learning, and judgment with which the work has been compiled."-CHANCELLOR KENT.

"Not only the best which has been published, but in itself a valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will profit."-HoN. JUDGE BALDWIN, U. S. Supreme Court.

"One of the most useful works of the kind in print."-HON. JUDGE RANDALL, U. S. District Court.

"For extent of research, clearness of definitions and illustration, variety of matter and exactness of learning, it is not surpassed by any in use, and, on every account, I think, is preferable to them all"-HON. JUDGE GREENLEAF.

In 1841 Judge Bouvier undertook the laborious task of the preparation of a new edition of Bacon's Abridgment of the Law, in 10 r. 8vo volumes, including about 8,000 pages. One of these volumes was edited by Judge Ranall; and Mr. Robert E. Peterson, the well-known pub

lisher of Philadelphia, a son-in-law of Judge Bouvier, took charge of a portion of another volume. With this exception, the whole of this Herculean task devolved upon our indefatigable author, who completed it in the intervals of business in only four years!

"Among other improvements, he prepared the first index it ever had, for each volume, and a general one for the whole. A single sentence as to the character of this work, as it came from his hands, would be entirely superfluous." See BACON, MATTHEW.

Judge Bouvier had now earned a substantial claim to which he had endeavoured to provide for the student a the gratitude of the profession, by the laborious zeal with clue through the apparently interminable labyrinth of statute and common law. But he had long felt the need of a compendious, yet easily comprehensible, summary of American law, which should at once serve as a guide to the youthful student, and as a convenient digest of knowforgotten, by the "Gamaliels of the profession." The ledge, perhaps acquired in earlier years, but now partially mind of no man can be guaranteed as "marble to retain," and between that which we never knew, and that which we know not when we need it, there is for practical pur. poses but little difference.

The analytical system of Pothier was held by our author in great admiration. His mind was essentially of the same cast delighting in rigid analysis of subject, scrupulous care in classification, and severe accuracy in definition and terminology. It is well known that the compilers of the Code Napoleon owe much of the credit which has rewarded their labours to the Pandecta Justinianeæ, and undertake a compend of American law, based upon the other works of Pothier. Judge Bouvier determined to method of Pothier. Finding his own views as to the systematical arrangement of legal subjects confirmed by so eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that encouragement which mental assimilation always confers upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect. When contemplating "enterprises of great pith and moment," it is a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under difficulties by a like hope. The sailor who "hugs the coast," cares little for companionship; but he who encounters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyage under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of be an incompetent judge, we shall strengthen our position by some brief extracts from some of the most learned "opinions" of which the American bench and bar can boast.

The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1851, in 4 vols. 8vo. The author may be said to have "died in the harness:" in two months after he had the gratification of seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world, he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living." order and arrangement of the subjects of which it treats, could "It is a work of very great value.... The general plan, and the not, I think, be improved. And I may say the same thing of the manner in which the plan is carried into execution. For every principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup ported by proper reference."-HoN. ROGER B. TANEY, Chief Justice of the United States.

"I know of no work which shows so much research, and which embodies so generally the elementary principles of American Law, as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as known to the profession by his previous works: and I am greatly an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf of every lawyer."-HON. JOHN MCLEAN, Associate Judge of the Sur preme Court of the United Stat 8.

It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calcu lated to become a text-book for students."-HON, JOHN M. READ. Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane, add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above.

Bovet, Richard. Pandæmonium, or the Devil s Cloyster; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadduceism, proving the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lon., 1684, 8vo.

Bovyer, R. G. Education for the Infant Poor, 1811. Bowack, John. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1 and 2, all pub., Lon., 1705, fol.

Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo. Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, 1805, 4to. Bowchier, Josh. Hæreticus Triumphatus, Oxon., 1719. Bowchier, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to. Bowden, A. Treatise on the Dry Rot, Lon., 1815, 8vo. Bowden, James. Covenant-Right of Infants as to Baptism, Lon., 12mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. History of the Society of Friends in America, p. 8vo. Religious Education Enforced, 12mo. Bowden, John. Epitaph-Writer; containing 600

Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15?

Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of Belles-Lettres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty years. In 1787, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808.

Bowden, John William. The Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII., [Hildebrand,] 2 vols. 8vo, Lon, 1840. See a review in Brit. Critic, xxix. 280.

Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Prayers and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo.

"The subjects of these Sermons are of a practical nature, and the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity." Lon. Month. Rev.

Bowden, Thomas. The Fariner's Director; or, Compendium of English Husbandry, Lon., 8vo. Donaldson (in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also under 1809.

Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790-1824, a native of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, Lon., 1819, 4to.

"A work of considerable importance, from the account it gives us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the light which the very diligent and laborious inquiries of Mr. Bowdich have thrown upon the geography of Africa."-Edin. Rev.

2. Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo. 4. Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique, 1824, 8vo. 5. Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, &c., 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds, and Shells. Other works and essays.

Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.Ď., 1773-1838, a native of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary on, the Mécanique Céleste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every uneducated youth who desires to supply the defects of earlier years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at the age of ten years, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler. On attaining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst for knowledge, and so accurate his powers of observation, that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts, at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical Navigator.

"Scarcely surpassed in usefulness by any of the time, and im

mediately driving all others of the same class out of circulation."

-N. American Review.

The English edit. of this work, edited by Kirby, was pub. in London by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught himself Latin that he might read the work, and he made a translation of the whole.

execution in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet reached us; and when we consider the great difficulty of printing works of this nature, to say nothing of the heavy and probably unremunerated expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the second. Meanwhile, the part actually completed (which contains the first two books of Laplace's work) is, with few and slight exceptions, just what we could have wished to see an exact and careful translation into very good English-exceedingly well printed, and accompanied with notes appended to each page, which leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied, and hardly any material difficulty either of conception or reasoning unelucidated. To the student of Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be invaluable."-Lon. Quarterly Review, vol. xlvii. 1832.

See Review by B. Peirce in N. American Review, xlviii. 143: also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour. of 228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering Science, xxxv. 1; Hunt's Mag., i. 33; Am. Almanac, 1836, before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White; Private Memoir by N. I. Bowditch, Bost., 1839.

Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, eldest son of the preceding, b. in Salem, Mass., removed to Boston, 1823. 1. Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, prefixed to Mécanique Céleste, 1839; 2d ed., 1840, 4to. 2. History of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1851, 8vo. 3. Suffolk Surnames, Bost., 1857; 2d ed., enlarged, 1858, 8vo.

Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713. Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on the Doctrine and Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Serinous, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Porteus admired them so highly that he directed the publisher to inform their clerical author that he would provide him with "a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, &c. the Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo. Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse.

Many such readers will doubtless be found; and whoever takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good sense, piety, and modesty of the writer."-Brit. Critic, O. S. vol. xvi. Pen Tamar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., 8vo. Written with great simplicity." Lon. Monthly Review. Other works.

Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, 8vo. Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister. Select Pieces in

Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. "The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of talent, of taste, and of piety which they exhibit."-Lon. Q. Rev. Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo.

"An able writer."-BICKERSTETH.

Bowdler, Thomas, 1782-1857. Serms. on the Nature, Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.

Other works.

Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland, Lon., 1788, 8vo. Life of General Villettes, &c., 1815, 8vo. Liberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, 8vo. The Family Shakspeare; in which nothing is added to the original Text; but those Words and Expressions are omitted which cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon., 8 vols. 8vo, £4 148. 6d.; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, £3 38.

"We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice, to bring this very meritorious publication into general circulation. It is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks peare, which a father could not read aloud to his children; a brother to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has only effaced those gross indecencies which every one must have felt as blemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex cellence can be affected. So far from being missed on their removal. the work generally appears more natural and harmonious without them."-Edin. Rev.,No. 71. See Athen. 1858, Pt. 2, 233.

Family Gibbon; reprinted from the Original Text, with the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or immoral Tendency, 5 vols. 8vo, £3 38.

The idea of undertaking a translation of the whole Mécanique Céleste, accompanied throughout with a copious running commentary, is one which savours, at first sight, of the gigantesque, and is certainly one which, from what we have hitherto had reason to conceive of the popularity and diffusion of mathematical knowledge on the opposite shores of the Atlantic, we should never have

discourse, addressed to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston, 1780-the year in which he became president of the Institution. This, and several other papers of his, will be found in the first vol. of the Society's

Memoirs.

"These productions manifest no common taste and talents in astronomical inquiries.”

Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding, minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans. of Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds; Opinions respecting the Commercial Intercourse between the United States and Great Britain, (anon.)

Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems, Lon., 8vo. Ystradffin; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo. Bowen, Captain. A Statement of Facts, 1791, 8vo. Bowen, Eli, b. 1824, in Lancaster co., Penn. 1. Coal

Regions of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 2. The U. S. Post-Office System, 8vo. 3. Pictorial Sketch-Book of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 4. Rambles in the Path of the Steam-Horse, 8vo, Bowen, Emanuel. English Atlas, Lon., 1747, 2 vols. fol. A Complete Atlas, Lon., 1752, fol.

Bowen, Francis, b. Sept. 8, 1811, at Charlestown, Mass.: grad. at Harvard Coll., 1833; Alford Prof. of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Harvard Coll.; editor of the N. Amer. Rev., 1843-54. Essays on Speculative Philosophy, Bost., 1842, 12mo: see notice in Eclec. Mag., v. 215. Virgil, with English Notes, Bost., 8vo. Lowell Lectures on the Application of Metaphysical and Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion, Bost., 1849, 8vo. Bee notices in Chris. Exam., xlviii. 88; Chris. Rev., xv. 78. "Mr. Bowen's Lectures were received with very great satisfaction, as they were delivered before auditors fit, and yet not few. Now that they are in print, we believe that they will be regarded as exhibiting signal ability, and as possessing very high merits, by those who, not having been hearers, shall give them a careful pe rusal. We shall be disappointed if his volume is not received as a most valuable contribution to speculative philosophy, not merely by men of the conservative and cautious schools, but by the mass of those deliberate and unprejudiced readers who know not that they belong to any party. ... We commend this volume, first of all, because it is written in the vernacular tongue, in good, wholesome English. It is free from barbarisms, Germanisms, and all affectations. The author knew what he wished to say, and he said it in a way to let us know what it was."Christian Examiner.

...

To Mr. Bowen we are indebted for an edition, revised and corrected, with an addition of a History of the U. States, of Dr. Weber's Outlines of Universal History, Boston, r. 8vo.

Documents of the Constitution of England and America from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789, compiled and edited, with Notes, Cambridge, 1854, 8vo. Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind; revised and abridged, with Critical and Explanatory Notes, for the Use of Colleges and Schools, Bost. and Camb., 12mo, 1854. Principles of Political Economy Applied to the Condition, Resources, and Institutions of the American People, Bost., 1856, 8vo. favourable reviews in Christian Examiner, and North American Review, April, 1856.

See

Whilst living with Lord Aylmer, he undertook the charge of the Historia Literaria; or an Exact and Early Account of the most Valuable Books published in the several Parts of Europe: pub. monthly, 1730-34, 4 vols. 8vo. He wrote the preface to this work, and several of the articles in Italian, being as yet unskilled in the English language. See Review of Reviews, by the author of this Dictionary, in Putnam's Monthly Mag., New York, vol. i. and ii., 1853-54. From 1734 to 1744 he was employed by the proprietors of the Universal History, in writing for that work the Roman History, which Psalmanazar (who wrote most of the other portions of the Ancient History in that collection) declares that he did very ill. See Psalmanazar's Life, p. 308. Bower also edited the second edition of the Universal History, and received £200 for doing very little, and that done so badly as to require careful revision. Th value of this extensive series, 1749-66, bound in 65 vols. sometimes in a fewer number, is not to be disputed.

"I generally consult the Universal History, a work of great merit,and perhaps not sufficiently valued."-Butler's Hora Biblica. "Consult the volumes of the Universal History, where you will find, either in the text or references, every historical information which can well be required."-Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Modern Hist Warburton refers to "the infamous rhapsody, called the Universal History-miserable trash," but of all Literary Bull Dogs, perhaps the bosom friend of Pope was the most dogmatic. Gibbon's opinion draws a just discrimination: The excellence of the first part of the Universal History is generally admitted. The History of the Macedonians is executed with much erudition, taste, and judgment. The history would be invaluable, were all its parts of the same merit."-Miscell. Works. Mr. Swinton gave Dr. Johnson a list of the authors, which will be found in a note from the doctor to Nichols, Dec. 6, tion to the publication of a History of the Popes, a portion 1784. (Boswell's Johnson.) Bower now turned his attenof which he says he had prepared whilst at Rome. This the year in which his 1st vol. appeared, he was appointed work was pub. at intervals from 1748-66, 7 vols. 4to. In Librarian to Queen Caroline. This history led to a warm controversy. His character was attacked as entirely unworthy of credit, and sufficient evidence was produced to ruin his reputation with the public at large, notwithstanding his exculpatory pamphlets, (pub. 1756-61.) His tried friend, Lord Lyttelton, however, refused to credit any thing against Bower:

Bowen, James, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. Bowen, Malcom. Construction of Sails of Ships, 1805, 4to.

Bowen, Pardon, M.D., 1757-1826, R.I., pub. an elaborate account of the Yellow Fever of Providence, in Hosack's Med. Reg., vol. iv. See Thacher's Med. Biog. Bowen, Samuel. Sermon on Ps. xviii. 46, 8vo. Bowen, T. J. Central Africa: Adventures and Missionary Labors in Several Countries in the Interior of Africa

from 1849 to 1856, Charleston, S.C., 1857, 12mo. "On the whole, we can commend the book as fit and seasonable." -Lom. Athenæum, July 4, 1857.

Bowen, Thomas. Thoughts on the Necessity of Moral Discipline in Prisons as Preliminary to the Religious Instruction of Offenders, Lon., 1777-98, 8vo. Sermons, 1798-99, 4to. Bethlehem Hospital, 1783, 4to.

Bower, Alex. An Account of the Life of James Beattie, LL.D, in which are occasionally given Characters of the Principal Literary Men and a Sketch of the State of Literature in Scotland during the last century, 1804. 8vo. "This narrative will be perused with pleasure by those who are satisfied with plain facts recorded in plain language."-London Monthly Review, 1805.

The Life of Luther; with an Account of the Early Progress of the Reformation, 8vo.

In 1757 an abridgment of the first four vols. of the History of the Popes was pub. in French, at Amsterdam. An idea of the incompetency of the author for the production of a great historical work, may be inferred from the fact that he compresses the eventful history of the Church from 1600 to 1758 into 26 pages!

When Bower can confirm his position by history, we give him credence; where his assertions only are in court, we give the accused the benefit of the doubt. See the Rev. Henry Temple's strictures, entitled Bower Detected as an Historian; or, His Many Essential Omissions and More Essential Perversions of Facts in Favour of Popery Demonstrated, Lon., 1758, 8vo; also see DOUGLASS, BISHOP.

Bower, Edward. Dr. Lamb Revived, &c.: 2 tracts upon Witchcraft, Lon., 1653, 4to.

Bower, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802. Bower, John, Jr. Abbey of Melrose, 1813, 8vo. Bower, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717. Bower, Walter. Prologues in John Fordun's Scoti Chron., edit. Tho. Hearne: see FORDUN, J. On Fordun's work much of the early history of Scotland is founded.

Bower, William. Miscell. Tracts, Lon., 1788, 4to. Bowerbank, John. Journal on the Bellerophon, 1815. Bowerbank, John Scott, b. 1797, in London, a

Entomological Mag., Trans. Microscopical Soc., (principally on the Sponges,) Trans. Geol. Soc., Trans. Palæontographical Soc.,-which he founded in 1848,-and to Mag. of Nat. Hist.. History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay, 1840, r. 8vo.

sentations or to the charges of his enemies, but there is encugh doubt upon the subject to prevent his being very zealously claimed by either the Church of England or that of Rome.

Bowerbank, T. F., M.D. A Sermon, 1815, 8vo. Bowers, Thomas, Bp. of Chichester. Serm.1722,8vo Bowes, Sir Jerome. Trans. from the French of an

Apology for the French Reformed or Evangel. Christians,

Lon., 1579, 8vo.

of Elizabeth, 1682, fol. Bowes, Paul. Journal of Parliament in the Reign

Bowes, Thomas. Trans. of the Second Part of Primaudaye's Frenche Academie, Lon., 1594, 4to.

Bowick, William. Sermon, 1716, 8vo. Bowle, John. Concio ad Clerum Cantuariensem, Lon., 1612, 4to.

Bowle, John, 1725–1788, known by his friends as Don Bowle, from his attachment to Spanish literature, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. Entering into holy orders, he was presented to the vicarage of Idmeston, Wilts, where he continued until his death. He was a man of great erudition, and was the principal detector of Lauder's forgeries. See LAUDER, WILLIAM.

Miscell. Pieces of English Ancient Poesie, 1765. A Letter to Dr. Percy, respecting a new and classical edition of Don Quixote, 1777. He pub. his edit. of Don Quixote in 1781, in vols. 4to! The first 4 contain the text, the 5th is composed of annotations, and the 6th gives a copious index. The subscription price was three guineas. This enormes enterprise proved a failure. However, let the lover of Spanish lore fail not to secure a copy if he can. So resolved that odd antiquary, Rev. Michael Tyson:

"Is Bowle's Don Quixote published, or not? Though I did not chuse to seem to be acquainted with the Editor by appearing amongst the Subscribers, yet I like Cervantes so much that I must make a swop, or truck, with Tom Payne for the book."Tyson to Gough: Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. viii.; and see vol. vi. for an interesting notice of Bowle, and his edition of Don Quixote, &c.

He pub. a number of articles in defence of this work, relative to Warton's History of English Poetry, &c., in Gentleman's Mag.; contributed to the Archæologia, vols. vi. and vii., 1782-85; to Granger's History, and to Johnson's and Steevens's Shakspeare.

"I am not the Translator of Don Quixote. I have too much conceiving of the merit of the original of Cervantes ever to think of appearing in that character. The difficulties of a translator must rise in proportion to his knowledge of the original. . . . A desire to impart that pleasure to others, which I almost solely possessed, impelled me to the hazardous work of printing; in which if I have erred once, I may be easily credited, I shall never be guilty of a like offence again." See Gent. Mag., vols. liv., lv.

We cannot forbear pleasing the lover of the Knight of the Rueful Countenance by transcribing the delicious Bill of Fare for Quixotic epicures, exhibited by Mr. Bowle in his prospectus:

"A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Percy, concerning a new and classical edition of Historia del valoroso Cavallero Don Quixote de la Mancha;

to be illustrated by Annotations and Extracts from the Historians, Poets, and Romances of Spain and Italy, and other writers, ancient and modern; with a Glossary and Indexes, in which are occasionally interspersed some Reflections on the Learning and Genius of the author, with a Map of Spain adapted to the History, and to every Translator of it."

What a glorious prospect is here! Yet the work, as we already said, was a failure. In the words of a cold-blooded critic:

The public sentiment seemed to be that annotations on Cer vantes were not quite so necessary as on Shakspeare" The enthusiastic Don Bowle, disgusted with such heartlessness, renounced the press, and left the stupid "public" to their downward course of ignorance and fatuity! That any sane man, woman, or child could really be indifferent to the least word, wink, and gesture of the Knight of the Sorrowful Countenance, and the philosophic apothegmatist Sancho Panza, was hard to believe, but if such were the stolidity of that thick-skulled generation, so let it be! He had discharged his duty; therefore he washed his hands, shook the dust from his feet, locked his library door, and was soon entranced in the fields of La Mancha, the persevering revolutions of the Windmills, the lustre of Mambrino's helmet, and the substantial charms of Dulcinea del Toboso.

Bowles. New London Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo. Bowles, Caroline Anne. See SOUTHEY, MRS. Bowles, Edward. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 164348. 4to.

Bowles, John, Barrister-at-Law. This gentleman pub. many political and other tracts, Lon., 1791-1807.

Bowles, Oliver, d. 1674, a Fellow in Queen's College, Camb., and Rector of Sutton. Tractatus de Pastore Evangelico, Lon., 1649, 4to; 1655,12mo; Groningæ, 1739, sm.8vo.

Liber ob utilia ac pia præcepta, in eo pro ministris ecclesiæ proposita, laudatur."-WALCH,

"A good translation would be generally useful."-BICKERSTETH. Sermon on John ii. 17, Lon., 1643, 4to. Bowles, Thomas, D.D. Vicar of Brackley, Northamptonshire. Sermons, 1728-41, 4to.

Fourteen Sonnets, 1789, 4to. Verses to John Howard, 1789, 4to. Grave of Howard; a Poem, Lon., 1790, 4to. Verses, 1790, 4to. Monody, 1791, 4to. Elegiac Verses, 1796, 4to. Hope, 1796, 4to. Coombe Ellew, 1798, 4tv. St. Michael's Mount, 1798, 4to. Poems, 1798-1809, 4 vols. 8vo. The Battle of the Nile; a Poem, 1799, 4to. A Discourse, 1799, 4to. A Sermon, 1801, 4to. The Sorrows of Switzerland; a Poem, 1801, 4to. The Picture; a Poem, 1804, 4to. The Spirit of Discovery, or the Conquest of the Ocean; a Poem, 1805, 8vo. Bowden Hill, 1815, 4to. The Missionary of the Andes, 1822. The Grave of the Last Saxon, 1823. Ellen Gray, 1828. Days Departed, 1832. St. John in Patmos, or the Last Apostle, 1832; 2d edit. 1833, with a revised selection of some of his earlier pieces. His last poetical compositions were contained in a volume entitled, Scenes and Shadows of Days, a Narrative; accompanied with Poems of Youth, and some other Poems of Melancholy and Fancy, in the Journey of Life from Youth to Age, 1837, 12mo. Little Villagers' Verse Book.

"One of the sweetest and best little publications in the English language."-Lon. Literary Gazette.

"Since the time of Dr. Watts nothing has been published at once so simple and so useful."-Lon. Spirit of the Age.

A Sermon, 1804. Ten Parochial Sermons, 1814, 8vo. The Plain Bible, and the Protestant Church in England, 1818, 8vo. A Voice from St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 1823, 8vo. Paulus Parochialis, 1826, 8vo. Further observations on report Ch. Commiss., 1837. St. Paul at Athens, 1838. A Final Defence of the Rights of Patronage in Deans and Chapters, 1839. In 1807 Mr. B. edited the works of Alexander Pope, in 10 vols. 8vo, for which he received £300. The editor criticized his author, and hence arose an animated controversy. Campbell and Byron attacked the positions of Mr. B., and especially his dogma that "all images drawn from what is beautiful or sublime in the works of nature, are more beautiful and sublime than any images drawn from art; and that they are therefore per se more poetical." To this Byron responded, not very poetically, that "a ship in the wind," with all sail set, a more poetical object than a "hog in the wind," though the hog is all nature, and the ship all art. This was the Reductio ad absurdum, indeed: although Bowles might have rejoined that the supposed porker, however respectable, could hardly be considered either "sublime or beautiful." This controversy lasted for many years. In 1825 Bowles published his Final Appeal to the Literary Public relative to Pope, elicited by Roscoe's edit. of Pope, in 1825, and in 1826 the last gun was fired by Lessons in Criticism to William Roscoe, &c., F. R. S., in answer to his Letter to the Rev. W. L. Bowles on the Character and

Poetry of Pope, 8vo. In 1818 he pub. Vindiciae Wykehamicæ, in reply to Mr. Brougham, and addressed Two Letters to him when he became Lord Chancellor, on the Position and Incomes of the Cathedral Clergy. In 1826 he pub. The Parochial History of Bremhill, and in 183031, The Life of Thomas Ken, D.D. The Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey appeared in 1835. Mr. B. also pub. Letters to Lord Mountcashell and Sir James Mackintosh, and had a controversy with the Rev. Edward Duke, in the Gen. Mag., relative to the antiquities of Wiltshire. Mr. Bowles's reputation as a poet is deservedly great.

In his Literary Biography, Mr. Coleridge expresses in glowing terms the delight he received from the early perusal of Mr. Bowles's sonnets, and the effect which they produced on his own poetry.

"We have ourselves heard from Mr. Wordsworth's own lips, that he got possession of the same sonnets [pub. in 1793] one morning when he was setting out with some friends on a pedestrian tour from London; and that so captivated was he with their beauty, that he retreated into one of the recesses in Westminster Bridge, and could not be induced to rejoin his companions till he had finished them."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1850.

author: he tells Bedford, Mr. Southey freely acknowledges his obligations to our

"My poetical taste was much meliorated by Bowles."-Oct.1,1795. "This morning I received your St. John in Patmos. I have just read the poem through, and with much pleasure. Yours I should have known it to have been by the sweet and unsophisticated style upon which I endeavoured, now almost forty years ago, to form my own."-Southey to Bowles, July 30, 1832.

"The sonnets of Bowles may be reckoned among the first fruits of a new era in poetry. They came in an age when a commonplace facility in rhyming on the one hand, and an almost nonsensical affectation in a new school on the other, had lowered the standard so much, that critical judges spoke of English poetry as of some thing nearly extinct, and disdained to read what they were sure to disapprove. In these sonnets there was observed a grace of expression, a musical versification, and especially an air of melan

still. after sixty years of a more propitious period than that which immediately preceded their publication, preserves for heir author