Excellent Artistic Effect and Inexpensive. Fifteen Shillings per Pair. SUIDWED FURNITURE AND INDIAN JEWELRY 428 OXFORD STREET (Near Orchard Street.) FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, New and Rare Objects in every Department of Microscopy. LORD S. G. OSBORNE'S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. Five Typical Examples of Blood Discs on one Slide, Man, Fish, Bird, Snake, and Frog, Double Stained, 3s. 6d. post-free. Prothallium of Fern, with Archegonia, Is. 2d. post-free. ERNEST HINTON, Nitella flexillis, with Antheridea. For Paraboloid, Is. 2d. post-free. 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. CABINETS FOR MINERALS, FOSSILS, &c. Naturalists' Glass-Capped Boxes, Round and Rectangular, from One Shilling per Dozen. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C., WORKS BY EDWARD WALFORD, M.A.-Dedicated by Express Permission to H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. (New Editions for 1885.) THE COUNTY FAMILIES; or, Royal Manual of the Titled and Untitled Aristocracy of the Three Kingdoms. Containing a complete Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Dictionary of the Landed Commoners of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland; a Notice of the Descent, Birth, Marriage, Education, and Appointments of each Person, his Heir Apparent and Presumptive, a Record of the Offices which he has held, his Town Address and Country Residences. Imperial 8vo, cloth gilt, £2 10s. THE COMPLETE PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, KNIGHTAGE, AND HOUSE OF COMMONS. In One Volume, cloth extra, gilt edges, 5s. THE SHILLING PEERAGE. THE SHILLING BARONETAGE. THE SHILLING KNIGHTAGE. THE SHILLING HOUSE OF COMMONS. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, W. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. A large assortment by ROSS, BECK, COLLINS, SWIFT, and other first-class Makers, on Sale, very cheap MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS in great variety. Spécialité Physiological and Pathological Tissues. 500 SECOND-HAND PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES AND CAMERAS · By ROSS, DALLMEYER, TENCH, VOIGTLÄNDER, and all other esteemed Makers. The Cheapest and Best Stock in London. New Catalogues gratis on application. Purchases and Exchanges made. Instruments Repaired and Relacquered. SANDS & HUNTER, 20, CRANBOURNE STREET, LONDON. VERTICAL SECTION THROUGH ABDOMEN OF QUEEN BEE, APIS MELLIFICA. Showing Ovaries and all Internal Organs. 25. and 35., Post-free. Opaque for Binocular. NEW PREPARATIONS WITHOUT PRESSURE. FRED. ENOCK, WOKING. “ FIRST LEG OF HONEY ВЕЕ, APIS MELLIFICA. HOW AND CO.'S NEW POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP." Very convenient and portable, gives ample Illumination, has all necessary adjustments, is provided with a Cylindrical Case, and can be conveniently carried in the breast coat pocket; when charged with sufficient Oil to burn for above 3 hours, weighs under 12 oz. Price 8s. 6d. Microscopists who are in the habit of exhibiting at the Meetings of their respective Societies and elsewhere, should provide themselves with this little Lamp. MICRO-PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, 1/6 AND 2/- EACH. JAMES HOW & Co., 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. STUDIES IN MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. Edited by ARTHUR C. COLE, F.R.M.S., &c. VOL. III. will be commenced shortly. All correspondence connected with this Volume to be addressed to All correspondence having reference to Vols. I. and II. to be addressed to the Editor- *** A. C. COLE AND SON'S Pathological, Physiological, Botanical, and general Preparations and Diatoms, may be obtained of all the principal Opticians. HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. lxvii WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.-For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &c. Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or [oz. Mite Destroyer (not inflammable nor dangerous to use), 1/- per Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, 1-in., -/6; 1-in. -/8; 11-in., -/9 Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. Taxidermist's Companion, ie, a pocket leather case, containing Ditto, Japanned Pocket Case, fitted with 26 tubes, 5/ for post.) (Supplied to Insect Cases, imitation mahogany, 3/6 to 11/-. Metal Blow-pipes, -/7. Setting Needles, 6d. per box. All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Ova and Pupa of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS.--Special Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes; for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue (48 pp.) A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS' EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 36, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). NEW SERIES (Now Ready). CHAS. COLLINS, JUNR. Micro-Maturalist, Bristol House, Harlesden, N.W. NEW SERIES (Now Ready). Series No. 5 of my "Special" Micro-Slides consists of the Six following carefully prepared Specimens, mounted without pressure, and Illustrating the Anatomy of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifica): Single Slides, 1/2. Post Free. To each of the above Slides, a descriptive label is affixed, giving the Sub-Kingdom, Class, Order, etc., and each series is sent out in a neat cloth racked box. A full Detailed] List of all other Series, together with a Complete List of Mounting Materials and Apparatus, Free on application. MICRO-SLIDES FOR SCIENCE CLASSES. Mr. PIFFARD'S PATENT COUNTER-SUNK SLIPS now on Sale. Two sizes are ready, 3-16 and 5-8, at 6s. per dozen. Prasiola Crispa, portion of Thallus, beautiful arrangement of Chlorophyl granules, 1s. Teleutospores of Puccinia graminis, 1s. Spores and Elaters of Aneura Pinguis (Jungermanniaceae) 1s. Stained and Isolated Conidia-bearing Hypha, of a Micro-fungus, probably Polyactis cana, 1s. Lecanora Tartarea, vert. sect. of Apothecium,! showing Asci, 1s. Atrichum Undulatum, vert. sect., Male Perichætum and Antheridia, 1s. Fasciated Stems of Strawberry, Sweet Pea, Tropaeolum and Thistle, 1s. each. REMITTANCE WITH Order. ENLARGED CATALOGUE READY, POST FREE. B. PIFFARD, Hill House, Hemel SCHWEITZER'S Hempstead, Herts. СОСОATINA. Anti-Dyspeptic Cocoa or Chocolate Powder. GUARANTEED PURE SOLUBLE COCOA OF THE FINEST QUALITY. The FACULTY pronounce it 'the most nutritious, perfectly digestible Beverage for BREAKFAST, LUNCHEON, or SUPPER, and invaluable for Invalids, and Young Children.' Being without sugar, spice, or other admixture, it suits all palates, keeps for years in all climates, and is four times the strength of Cocoas thickened yet weakened with arrowroot, starch, &c., and in reality cheaper than such mixtures. 'Made instantaneously with boiling water, a Teaspoonful to a Breakfast Cup, costing less than one halfpenny. COCOATINA possesses remarkable sustaining properties, and is specially adapted for early Breakfasts. In Air-Tight Tins, at 1s. 6d., 3s., 5s. 6d., &c., by Chemists and Grocers. THE GRESHAM LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. ESTABLISHED 1848. Head Office-ST. MILDRED'S HOUSE, POULTRY, LONDON, E.C. FUNDS; 1884. ... Life Assurance and Annuity Funds Annual Income Moderate Rates of Premium. Liberal Scale of Annuities. Loans granted upon Security of Freehold, Copyhold, and Leasehold Property, Life Interests, and Reversions; also to Corporate and other Public Bodies, upon Security of Rates, &c. BONUS YEAR, 1885. POLICIES effected before the 1st July 1885 on the profit tables, with annual premiums, will participate in the Bonus to be declared next year, in the manner prescribed by the regulations of the Society, JOSEPH ALLEN, Secretary. Prospectus, Reports, and Proposal Forms can be obtained on application to the Society's Agents and Branch Offices, or to JOSEPH ALLEN, Secretary. NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER AND SPECIAL ACTS OF PARLIAMENT. Authorised Capital, £3,000,000. Subscribed Capital, £2,500,000. Paid-up Capital, £625,000. Chairman-JOHN WHITE Cater, Esq. Deputy-Chairman-BARON Schroder. Manager of Life Department and Actuary-HENRY COCKBURN. Secretary-F. W. LANCE. Manager of Fire Department-G. H. BURNETT. Foreign Sub-Manager-PHILIP WINSOR. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The Net FIRE FUNDS, irrespective of the Paid-up Capital, now amount to £1,597,295 9s. 6d. LIFE DEPARTMENT. The LIFE FUND now amounts to £3,458,595 18s. 9d. The ANNUITY FUND now amounts to £536,066 8s. 6d. THE PRINCIPLES on which this Company is conducted combine the system of Mutual Assurance with the safety of a large Protecting Capital and Accumulated Funds, and thus afford all the facilities and advantages which can prudently be offered by any Life Assurance Office. NINETY PER CENT. of the WHOLE PROFITS is divided among the Assurers on the Participating Scale. The PROFITS are divided every Five Years. POLICIES are INDISPUTABLE after Five Years. ANNUITIES of all kinds are granted. Prospectuses and every Information can be obtained at the Chief Offices LONDON: 61 THREADNEEDLE ST., E.C. WEST END OFFICE, 8, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W. EDINBURGH, 64, PRINCES ST. BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY NEW BRIDGE STREET, LONDON, E.C. Incorporated in the year 1847 under Act 7 and 8 Vict., cap. 110, and further empowered by Special Act 15 Vict., cap. 53. Accumulated Fund £1,028,215 Profits already appropriated Annual Income, nearly £200,000 Claims Paid. POLICIES ABSOLUTELY INDISPUTABLE after five years, provided the age of the Assured has been admitted. £847,000 £1,230,133 EDWIN BOWLEY, Secretary. MEMOIR OF GENERAL JOHN BRIGGS, of the Madras Army. With Comment on some of his Words and Work. By Major EVANS BELL. With a Portrait. Royal 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. OBJECTS FOR THE MICROSCOPE. The STOKES-WATSON SPARK APPARATUS, to show the combustion of Metals by the Electric Spark with the NEW CLASSIFIED LIST OF OBJECTS (Including the Stock of MR. E. WHEELER, late of Holloway). W. WATSON & SONS, 313, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Opticians to Her Majesty's Government. Established 1837. 141797 GRAPHIC MICROSCOPY. By E. T. DRAPER. Museum of Comparati Zoology No. XIX.-SECTION OF SHELL OF BARNACLE (Balanus sulcatus). HE cirripeds, or barnacles, in their adult condition have a curious dissimilarity of form. The Lepadidæ appear as pedunculated masses, and elegant groups of these "necked barnacles" are found on floating timber or wreckage. The fixed stem, or peduncle, is often several inches in length, thick in proportion, freely flexible, of peculiar tough texture, possessing voluntary movement, and surmounted or tipped with a conical articulated shell containing the animal, from the apex of which emerge the "cirri." Of the same family, although so unlike in appearance are the Balanidæ, popularly known as acorn shells," sessile, the creature included in a compact although somewhat moveable calcareous domicile, firmly attached to the surface of constantly submerged rocks, and the bottoms of ships, enjoying, as the vessel drives through the seas, the luxury of a vagrant life, and with its singular and well-adapted casting net, collecting abundant food from the scums and shoals of microscopic organisms. The close relationship between the Lepadidæ, with their long flexible stems, and the Balanidæ in their shelly boxes, is detected in the perfect identity of the larval free swimming condition. At this point their similarity is manifest. When the perfection of this state is attained, the little creature seeks a point of attachment: the bottom of a vessel, floating substances, or the solid rock, and fixing itself by an outpouring of glutinous cement, in the one case No. 247.-JULY 1885. LIBRAN prolonged into a stem-like flexible stalk, in the other fixed in a shelly pyramid. Compared with the brilliant hues and elegant configuration of "shells" in all their interesting varieties, as appreciated by collectors, the appearance of a barnacle scraped from the bottom of a vessel has externally no great beauty, or attraction; but, like many apparently obscure objects, when subjected to microscopical examination, it reveals structural peculiarities and adaptation of very significant interest. In the sessile group of the Cirripedia, of which Balanus sulcatus and B. tintinnabulum are the most prolific and common forms, unlike the compact and entire solidity of a shell as generally understood, it is composed of four or more thick external articulated conical plates, supported on a flat adhesive base, the apices running upwards. Within and enclosed in these are thinner and more moveable processes interlapping, and when reaching the summit so delicately fine as to become a mere slit of exquisite adjustment for the extrusion of the cirri, or curly filamentous appendages; these flash out, for the collection of food and purposes of aeration, and when as suddenly retracted the delicate edges of this sensitive operculum hermetically close the aperture, and the creature within. The growth of these laminated plates of shell is seen by perpendicular and transverse ridges, showing expansion in every direction. The base of fixture is a flat foundation of accumulated calcareous secretions, and in specimens taken from the hulls of ships, more or less incorporated with the paints and deadly oxides of metals used to discourage their accumulation. But balani generally succeed in eluding these ingenuities. If a shell be broken into, near the base, inside, above the floor of attachment (the point of greatest resistance), a part may be seen corrugated, and having a columnar appearance; if a slightly oblique horizontal thin section be cut through this point, the apparently uninviting fragment reveals a structure of adaptability H |