GEOLOGY, &c.

RATE OF SURFACE DENUDATION.-The following results are extracted from among numerous others given in a paper by Mr. Mellard Reade, F.G.S., entitled "Denudation of the Two Americas," a presidential address to the Liverpool Geological Society. The proportion of total solids in solution in the Mississippi, a few miles above New Orleans, has been estimated by analysis to be rs by weight of the water. This amount is reckoned to give in round numbers about 150,000,000 tons or So square miles of rock I foot thick discharged per annum by the Mississippi into the Gulf of Mexico; and the proportion of sedimentary matter has been estimated at over 362,000,000 tons. The rate of removal of the surface of the basin of the Mississippi, taking into account both the dissolved and the suspended matters, is taken to be about a foot in 4,500 years. Attention is drawn to the fact that over 20,000,000 tons of silica are annually poured into the sea by this river, as a remarkable fact, when the usual apparent insolubility of silica is remembered. A sample of water from the Amazon showed of dissolved solids only of its weight, or roughly 160,000,000 tons discharged per annum, or 50 tons per square mile per annum. Mr. Reade thinks that a former estimate of his as to the general rate of solution by rain for the whole world is not far wrong, viz. about 100 tons of rocky matter per English square mile per annum, of a foot per annum being removed in a soluble form every year from the surface of England and Wales. There seems to be in river water about three times as much matter carried down in suspension as in solution.

MR. A. J. JUKES-Browne on STRATIGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENT.-Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, in a paper on rock-classification in the "Geological Magazine" for July, gives a Table showing some new proposals for nomenclature. He divides the Tertiary into two systems, the Hantonian (from Hampshire), which contains the Eocene and Oligocene; and the Icenian (from the Iceni), a name formerly proposed, with a narrower meaning,'by Dr. S. P. Woodward, and which includes the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene. His systems thus become the Icenian, Hantonian, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, - Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian, Archæan or Pre-Cambrian. The primary divisions of the Ordovician are the Arenig Grits, Llandeilo Flags, and Bala Rocks; those of the Silurian being the Valentian (lowest), Salopian, and Clunian (forest of Clun). The Permian becomes merely a primary division under the name of Dyas. The Wealden and Neocomian are placed together as a group or stage of the Lower primary division of the Cretaceous system, followed immediately above by the Vectian or Lower Greensand, the name Vectian being derived from the Isle

of Wight. This paper will repay perusal by those interested in Stratigraphical Geology.

Since the above was written a paper has appeared in the same journal for last month by Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S., in which he proposes to use the term Cambrian as one of the main divisions of the Paleozoic Rocks, the others being the Devonian and Carboniferous. The Cambrian he would subdivide in descending order into Silurian, Ordovician, and Georgian primary divisions, the latter name being taken from the districts bordering St. George's Channel, where the lower rocks (Llanberis, Harlech, Menevian, &c.) are best exposed, and where they have been mainly examined." He says it may be found advisable to group the upper system also of the Paleozoic Rocks into one system, in which case the Devonian would be placed as the lowest of three Primary Divisions. He prefers for subordinate divisions, as far as possible, geographical terms with wide applications.

FOSSIL ALGE AT KIRKCALDY.-In a large excavation made at the Kirkaldy Gas Works, a stratum previously unknown as existing here was cut through, and found to contain many fossils, apparently of wood. On making transparent sections of them for microscopic examination, however, I found that they are fossil algæ, having a very near agreement with sections of recent stalks of Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina. Like the Laminaria, the sections show three regions, in the centre, a large circular division of irregular cellular tissue; surrounding it, a broad zone of parenchyma with large cells, which are somewhat longer vertically than their horizontal diameter, as is seen by longitudinal sections; round this another broad zone of parenchyma, in which the cells are smaller and arranged in radiating rows; then the epiderm. The three zones occupy about equal breadths. The largest stems I have seen are about four inches in diameter. Mr. Macpherson, manager of the gas works, has two of this size, and about four or five feet long. There is abundance of pieces of smaller size, many of them flattened, and there will be no difficulty in procuring these fossils for months to come, as the excavated stuff is laid on the beach, and the washing of the sea seems to separate the fossils and make them more easily seen. It is worthy of notice that the outside of the fossils has a very great resemblance to that of recent Laminaria which have been washed ashore and dried. The sections of the fossils-both cross and longitudinal-stand grinding well, and are very beautiful. The stratum is situated in the Carboniferous formation, and there are two seams of coal, about eighty feet apart, not very far below it, which have been anciently wrought. I propose to name the fossil in my collection of slides Halophytis magnum till I hear something about it -John Sang.

BORING IN THE S.E. OF ENGLAND.-It appears from notes by Professor Judd and Mr. C. Homersham, read to the Geological Society, that boring at Richmond, Surrey, after having been carried on to a total depth of 1447 feet, has had to be given up. This is 145 feet deeper than any other well in the London Basin, and the strata in which the boring terminated consisted of red and variegated sandstones and marls with a dip of about 30°, which might be Poikilitic, or Carboniferous, or Old Red Sandstone. Furthermore, a boring at Chatham yields confirmatory evidence as to the distribution of the Jurassic rocks south of the London basin, and it is considered that we have now direct evidence of the existence and position of Lower, Middle, and Upper Oolite Strata respectively below the Cretaceous Rocks of S.E. England.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

A FOREST OF PALMS.-At Bordighera, on the Gulf of Genoa, can be seen a veritable forest of palms, thousands upon thousands flourishing in tropical luxuriance, from the infant plant to the fully grown with its leafy crown and larger clusters of fruit, which, however, rarely comes to maturity, the sun not having sufficient power to force the plants to secrete the necessary saccharine matter. One may also see around numerous aloes with their tree-like blossoms, and along the water-courses in the lower grounds small groves of bamboos cultivated to form supports on which to train the vines on the mountain sides. Each year a large quantity of leaves are cut and despatched to Rome for the decoration of St. Peter's Cathedral on Palm Sunday; this contract appears to have originated from an ancestor of the present owners rendering the Pope some great service, and for reward he and his heirs were ordered to supply the whole of the palms for that occasion for ever.-7. R. M.

NOTES ON INSECTS.-Last September I "treacled" on various walls and trees in my garden, and in the daytime I several times saw V. atalanta enjoying the sweets meant for nocturnal visitors. I believe it is not usual to find butterflies at treacle, although I have frequently seen numbers of atalanta on plums. One night, on examining a treacle on the trunk of a young black poplar-tree, I saw a splendid specimen of C. nupta sitting on the trunk. Before I could capture her, she flew away. I returned in an hour, and found her on the same tree, and captured her, him, or it. This would seem to show that Catocalas, as well as Nymphalidæ, revisit a place after being disturbed and frightened away. Contrary to the usual fate of "treaclers," I several times in September took good catches on moonlight nights, while on one dark night I found very few moths. The weather during the week had been rather rainy. I have several times noticed that P. Alexis is rather fond of swampy fields. Have any of your readers noticed this, or was it a mere accident?-F. H. Perry Coste.

NOTES ON BLACKBIRDS AND SPARROWS.—I have just witnessed two incidents which illustrate the scarcity of food for birds at this season of the year, and the readiness with which the feathered tribe

adjust their habits to their environment. Last evening I saw a hen blackbird with one young one hopping over the lawn in search of food. In close attendance were two sparrows, and the reason of this attention was soon apparent. No sooner had the hen found a toothsome morsel for her chick than one or other of the uninvited guests helped themselves to it before it could be passed from the bill of the old blackbird to that of the young one. The broad bill of the sparrow is ill fitted to drag the worms from the now hardened ground; its ingenuity had found a substitute. Somewhat later another blackbird, who evidently had some hungry young ones in a nest at hand, appeared to have some difficulty in finding sufficient food for them. The ground was very hard, worms were scarce, and the lawn had been carefully hunted over by the previous pair. A lazy beetle is droning overhead, and quick as thought he is caught on the wing, killed, and taken to the nest. Again and again was the feat repeated, and not even the flycatcher, who was busy at his usual avocations at a little distance, could have shown greater dexterity.John I. Plummer, July 1st, 1885.

"DRUID STONES" AT STANTON DREW.-Can you give me information respecting the "Druid Stones" at Stanton Drew, about five miles from Bristol. 1. Are they Druidical remains? 2. What was their geological origin or locality? 3. How were they probably transported, i.c. are they erratic blocks, or of local origin?-Geo. Bird.

THE PIED FLY-CATCHER.-With regard to the query from A. C. Pass, I beg to state that the above bird has been seen several times this season in the Keswick district. It is not a rare bird here.-J. W. Goodall, The Museum, Keswick.

GLAUCIUM PHOENICEUM.-Perhaps it may interest your readers to know that I found, on a waste piece of ground in the vicinity of this town, July 14th, a specimen of Glaucium phoeniceum (Crantz); without doubt it is an introduction.-John J. Kidd, Lynn, Norfolk.

COROLLA OF LONICERA PERICLYMENUM.-During my botanical wanderings last week I was surprised to find numerous specimens of Lonicera, the corollas of which had assumed a green hue, instead of yellow. What is the cause of this peculiarity?—B. L.

COLIAS. Though south of Louth, it may interest H. Wallis Kew to know my husband caught Colias hyale in 1868; the following year, 1869, C. edusa. In 1877 the edusa were very abundant in a clover field, not far from this house, which is near the river Nene. We did not see hyale, and have not met with a Colias since.-F. S., Wisbech.

NASTURTIUM.-Having this year grown some Nasturtium (order Tropaolacea), I have noticed at the bases of the blades of three of the petals, rather inclined inwards, about a dozen hairs on each. Could you, or any of yours, inform me what purpose they serve in the economy of the plant?-L. Lee.

SAND-MARTINS AND THEIR NESTS.-A case of the persistence of birds to build in one place, occurred in Nottingham about six weeks ago. Nottingham is built upon what geologists call the Bunter Sandstone; which is well shown in a part of the town called the Park. The rock has five or six feet of soil on the top of it. A road was cut through a part of it some years ago, so that the soil and the sandstone were exposed. The martins found the soil and for several

years have built in it. For the purpose of making some stabling, a piece having about twenty-five yards frontage was cut back eight or ten yards, so as to leave a rectangular opening. The soil was first removed as far back as required; and next morning, when the men came to work, they found the birds busily engaged in excavating fresh holes in it, which they continued to do, and utilise for nests, all the while the men were removing the hard sandstone, which required the use of wedges and pickaxes to loosen it.-L. Lee, Nottingham.

GREAT GREY SHRIKE; LITTLE AUK.-The occurrence of both these birds is mentioned in the "Naturalist" for August. The former (Lanius excubitor), which is said not to have been hitherto recorded as occurring in Britain during the breeding season, was seen by Mr. Thomas Raine last June near Leeds. The dead body of a little auk (Mergulus alle) was found by Mr. J. Chaloner in July near Tadcaster.

SWARMS OF FLIES.-Have any readers taken note of the swarms of green flies which occurred during the summer? They were noticed in Ipswich on and near the 15th of July, and it was suggested that their presence was due to the comparative absence of swallows. They are reported in the "Entomologist " for August by Mr. G. E. Sims, jun., from Oxford, but the date is not given.

SILKWORMS.-I have for two or three years kept silkworms, but do not remember before noticing the following fact. In two cases a cocoon when opened has been found to contain two chrysalises. It has been impossible to unwind the silk from them, and it seems likely that the former silkworms had broken each other's threads in the process of spinning. The cocoons were certainly larger and flatter than usual. May I ask some one to inform me if this fact has often been noticed?--Laurence G. J. Epps.

TOYNBEE HALL.-"An Amateur Microscopist writes as follows: I dare say some of the readers of SCIENCE-GOSSIP may have heard of the Toynbee Hall Institution in Whitechapel, and are aware that its object is the lessening of the wide gulf dividing the rich and the poor by social intercourse between the two classes, as represented by the workers of the Institution, who are connected with the leading Universities, on the one hand, and the poor inhabitants of the East End on the other. This is not the highest nor the most worthy of the objects of the Institution, but it is the one I propose dealing with in this letter. Subscriptions are now being received for the purpose of providing the Institution with a microscope, and, of course, objects will be required for examination and study. Now what I intend doing myself to assist this work and what I beg to suggest for the consideration of your readers, is as follows: when I am doing any mounting, I will, if possessed of sufficient material, mount an extra slide for the Toynbee Hall. This will give very little trouble, as it is as easy to mount two or three slides as one when the material is at hand. Hoping that I may have your approval and co-operation and that of your readers in this matter,I remain, &c.

TOYNBEE HALL.-As I learn that "An Amateur Microscopist" is writing to you on the subject of the Toynbee Hall microscope, may I add a few words of explanation about the undertaking? The idea of a microscope for Toynbee Hall was suggested by a

friend much Interested in that Institution, and the suggestion that some of us might send duplicate slides for exhibition was also in our favour. Thanks partly to the kindness of friends and partly to the lady students of Newnham College (who established a fund for this purpose) we have already collected about three guineas. We do not doubt that if a few of the readers of SCIENCE-GOSSIP would contribute a shilling or such small sum towards the fund, we should soon be in a position to send a really good microscope to the Institution, and perhaps to procure also a slide cabinet, which would be indispensable if donations of slides are to be of any value.-G. H. Bryan, Thornlea, Trumpington Road, Cambridge.

WHITE BUGLE.-In answer to Miss M. Jackson's query, I may state that I have preserved in my herbarium a white bugle (Ajuga reptans). It was found by J. Edmund Clark, B.A., B.Sc., in Helmsley, North Yorkshire, on June 4th, 1872.-B. B. Le Tall.

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

TO CORRESPONDENTS AND EXCHANGERS.-As we now publish SCIENCE-GOSSIP earlier than formerly, we cannot undertake to insert in the following number any communications which reach us later than the 8th of the previous month.

TO ANONYMOUS QUERISTS.-We must adhere to our rule of not noticing queries which do not bear the writers' names.

TO DEALERS AND OTHERS.-We are always glad to treat dealers in natural history objects on the same fair and general ground as amateurs, in so far as the "exchanges" offered are fair exchanges. But it is evident that, when their offers are simply disguised advertisements, for the purpose of evading the cost of advertising, an advantage is taken of our gratuitous insertion of "exchanges" which cannot be tolerated.

WE request that all exchanges may be signed with name (or initials) and full address at the end.

T. H. MARRIOTT.-Direct to editor under cover to publishers. Kill the insect first with benzole or chloroform.

W. C.-Articles not as a rule received on the condition you refer to. Write if you have anything to send otherwise.

EXCHANGE ITEM.-It is possible to look at this in a slightly different light. Neither of the terms of the exchange were closely particularised.

F. MARSHALL.-Yours is not an exchange.

J. M.-The remains of shells broken as you describe are said to be frequently seen.

MISS G.-The scale moss has apparently no fructification. The rush may be 7. acutiflorus or lamprocarpus. Naming dried up specimens, especially when only part of the plant is sent, is apt to be unsatisfactory.

M. E. T.-Your caterpillar has become a chrysalis.

J. G.-One of the following might suit. Popular British Fungi," by James Britten, F.L.S. (London: "Bazaar" Office), uncoloured figures; "A Plain and Easy Account of British Fungi, esp. esculent and economic," by Dr. M. C. Cooke. (London: late Hardwicke and Bogue), coloured plates; "Rust, Smut, Mildew and Mould-Microscopic Fungi," same author. (London: late Hardwicke), coloured plates. Prices unknown. F. CHALLIS.-Dissolve shellac in naphtha, till it is as thick as cream. If the specimens are rough interpose cotton-wool. M. E. T.-The dark-winged dragon fly appears to be the female of Libellula splendens. Both are somewhat injured. JOHN HILL.-Your vetch was too dried when received to be of much good. Flowers packed in cardboard boxes are apt to be dried up in two or three days, and moisture may do harm. J. TAYLOR.-The present number is the ninth of the volume. A volume contains twelve monthly numbers, beginning in January. For skeleton of bird or small animal, boil, but not too much, and remove the flesh. If small do not disunite the bones, but leave them attached by gristle. Details cannot be given here. Papers on plant-preserving have appeared in SCIENCE-GOSSIP, one of which is republished in "Notes on Collecting and Preserving Natural History Objects." As to your last query, write to the address given and ask.

R. H. WELLINGTON.-One of the minute fungi which are parasitic on cereals. Popular names for different kinds are "smut" and "bunt."

W. H.-Your box when opened (out of doors), on July 30, contained a most unsavoury mess, which had apparently infected the parcel in more ways than one.

EXCHANGES.

SEVERAL well-mounted slides of micro fungi, plant hairs, &c., for other well-mounted slides, or for books on microscopy and biology.-James W. Horton, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln.

A CAPITAL air-pump, worked by double rack and pinion movement, with receiver, &c., complete. Offers solicited.Henry Vial, Crediton, Devon.

OFFERS requested for injected tissues of cat, rabbit, guineapig, and hedgehog, all carmine injected and first class.-Henry Vial, Crediton, Devon.

FIRST-CLASS microscopical slides offered in exchange for fresh healthy human tissues.-Arthur J. Doherty, 33 Burlington Street, Manchester.

HORNS of red deer, ibex, &c., for natural history books or specimens. Wanted, larvæ of Lepidoptera, birds' skins, shells, British or foreign.-S. L. Mosley, Beaumont Park Museum, Huddersfield.

WANTED, SCIENCE-GOSSIP, Nos. 193-200, 202, for 1881, in exchange for Lepidoptera, fossils, shells, &c.-A. Shepherd, 70 Brecknock Road, N.

WANTED, in exchange for books, vols. of "Bible Educator (Cassell's), with the exception of first vol., Geikie's "Hours with the Bible," excepting first vol., or McChayne's "Memorials."-John Millie, Clarence House, Inverkeithing. MICROSCOPE slides. What offers? Fishing-rod tackle and books on angling wanted; or a natural history.-Mr. Ebbage, 8 Lowfield Street, Dartford, Kent.

Wray's binocular microscope, 22 inches high, glass revolving stage and object-carrier, eye-pieces, 2 B's and a C (Wray's best), accessories, without objectives. Will exchange for monocular 3 in. microscope with objectives.-R. E. L., 9 Lorne Terrace, Fallowfield, Manchester.

AQUARIUM, Octagon shape, slate bottom, good condition, size 16 in. high by 15 across, sloping top; would exchange a good parrot's cage or first-class microscopic objects; open to other offers except books or micro apparatus.-R. Mason, 24 Park Road, Clapham, London, S.W.

WANTED, Reeve's "Conchologia Iconica," those volumes on Unionida, Helicidæ, and parts on Melania and Rissoida. Offer, in exchange for any volume named, over 300 species American Unionidæ, Helicidæ, or Strepomatidæ.-R. Ellsworth Call, 619, 10th Street, W., Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.A.

REQUIRED, vol. xi. of "Nature," in any decent condition, in exchange for a selection to be agreed upon value from the following, which are all as good as new:-Trimmer and Dyer's "Flora of Middlesex," Asa Gray's "Handbook of Botany," Herschel's" Meteorology," Golding Bird's "Nat. Philosophy," Carpenter's "Microscope," Huxley and Martin's "Biology: also one or more of the above list for a few specimens of corals, in good condition.-G. F. Nest, Jedburgh, N.B.

SIDE-BLOWN eggs, separate or in clutches, ring ouzel, Ray's wagtail, gray wagtail, rock pipit, goldfinch, redpole, brambling, for others.-Jas. Ellison, Steeton, Leeds.

DR. LANG'S" Butterflies of Europe," uncut, to exchange for birds' eggs, corals, or any natural history objects.-Jas. Ellison, Steeton, Leeds.

WANTED, 1437, 1552, 1553, 1229, 1222, 1618, 1292, 360. In exchange, 19, 1244, 800, 1504, 1293, 944, 1385, and others.Rev. F. H. Arnold, Hermitage, Emsworth.

WANTED, books by F. O. Morris, Yarrell, or Bewick, Will give liberal exchange in miscellaneous works.-P. Payne, The Borough, Hinckley.

WANTED, Stark's "British Mosses." Will give good micro slides in exchange.-Samuel M. Malcolmson, M.D., 55 Great Victoria Street, Belfast.

WANTED, a good secondhand copy of Newman's "British Butterflies and Moths." Will give in exchange micro slides, natural history objects, &c.-F. R. Rowley, 60 Lower Hastings Street, Southfields, Leicester.

FINE specimens of U. Margaritifer from Yorkshire Esk. Wanted, Vertigo, B. montanus, also varieties of Unio, Anodonta, and Helix.-B. Hudson, 15 Waterloo Road, Middlesbrough.

WANTED, nests of lesser whitethroat, stonechat, tree-pipit, reed warbler, great tit, and black cap, for side-blown eggs of coot, great tit, rook, herring gull, &c.-A. A.,Shaw, Market Street, Ashton-under-Lyne.

EGGS of osprey, cuckoo, woodpecker, heron, grebe, gull, tern, and petrel, to exchange for others not in collection. Wanted, ornithological works, also any odd plates or numbers of old magazines or works on ornithology.-Dr. J. T. T. Reed, Ryhope, Durham Co.

WANTED, works on zoology, particularly Parker's "Zootomy," and those by Huxley. Will exchange Gibbon's "Imperial Stamp Album," containing about 425 stamps (many old and very rare), also small microscope.-Jas. Hornell, 123 Canning Street, Liverpool.

FOR exchange, skeleton of frog. What offers in micro slides? -J. Boggust, Alton, Hants.

BRITISH marine shells in exchange for the rarer land and freshwater shells. Wanted, Pisidium, Paludina, Hydrobia, Vertigos, &c. Lists sent.-A. Alletsee, 15 Roslyn Terrace, Redland, Bristol.

MARINE shells: Cardium aculeatum, C. tuberculatum, C. echinatum, Bulla hydatis, A. pes-pelicani, Aplysia hybrida. Many others, taken alive and in fine condition. Lists fromC. D. S., Maplewell, Loughborough.

OFFERED, a glass aquarium, 42 in. in circum., on stand; also "Knowledge" for 1884 and 1885, clean, unbound; or foreign shells, for book on geology or fossils.-George E. East, jun., 241 Evering Road, Upper Clapton, E.

LETTS'S Popular Atlas, latest edition, 4 vols., 156 maps, with index, unbound, in cloth cover. Exchange for geological books, fossils, &c.-H. P. Dodridge, 7 Wharton Street, W.C. WELL-BLOWN eggs of mute swan, blackcap warbler, herring gull, great b. b. gull, less b. b. gull, com. gull, kittiwake, jackdaw, night heron, and puffin, for other good eggs. Unaccepted offers not answered.-W. H. Heathcote, 61 Avenham Lane, Preston, Lancashire.

DUPLICATES: Pisidium roseum, Paludina contecta, P. vivipara, Planorbis lineatus, B. Leachii, and a large number of other species. Rare or local shells, land, freshwater, or marine, wanted in exchange; also back numbers of the "Journal of Conchology." For any one species of the above send box and stamped label to-S. C. Cockerell, 51 Woodstock Road, Bedford Park, Chiswick, W.

WILL exchange 2 doz. good histological specimens, well mounted, for a fox terrier, a dog.-Henry Price, 102 Munton Road, New Kent Road, London, S.E.

WANTED mounted slides of good diatoms, named, in exchange for living specimens of Hydra viridis, and Alcyonella stagnorum.-H. Relton, 5 Carlton Terrace, Low Fell, co. Durham.

"ILLUSTRATED Carpenter and Builder," 6 vols. cloth, and Cassell's "Illustrated Russo-Turkish War." 2 vols., handsomely bound, offered in exchange for micro-slides, no anatomical.-R. Ridings, Hampton Terrace, Lisburn Road, Belfast.

WANTED, shells not in collection, in exchange for Sph. rivicola, Neritina fluviatilis, Pl. nitidus, Testacella hatiolidea, Limax lavis, Vertigo antivertigo, &c.-F. Fenn, 20 Woodstock Road, Bedford Park, Chiswick, W.

BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED.

"Scientific Romances, No. II.-The Persian King, or the Law of the Valley," by C. H. Hinton, B.A. (Sonnenschein & Co.). "The Young Collector, British Butterflies, Moths and Beetles," by W. F. Kirby (Sonnenschein & Co.)-" A Tour in Sutherlandshire, with Extracts from the Fieldbooks of a Sportsman and Naturalist," by C. St. John, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: David Douglas).-"Comstock Mining and Miners," by Eliot Lord (U. S. Geol. Survey).-"Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia," by W. M. Fontaine (U. S. Geol. Survey.)-"On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin," &c., by R. Ellsworth Call (U. S. Geol. Survey).-" Bulletins" of the U. S. Geol. Survey, Nos. 2-6.-"Transactions of the Essex Field Club.""Journal of Proceedings of the Essex Field Club."-" Canadian Science Monthly."-" Proceedings of the Geologists' Association."-" Science."-" Canadian Entomologist.”—“ Ben Brierley's Journal."-" Bulletin of the Des Moines Academy of Science," vol i., No. 1.-"The Journal of Conchology.""What is a Plant?" by H. W. S. Worsley-Benison, F.L.S."The American Monthly Microscopical Journal.”—“ The Asclepiad."-"The Geological Magazine."-" The Animal World."-"The Revival of British Industries."-" Once a Month" (Melbourne, Australia).-" Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes."-"Annales de la Société Belge de Microscopie, 1883-4."-"The Naturalist."-"The Midland Naturalist. "The Illustrated Science Monthly."-" A Dictionary of British Plant Names," by H. Purefoy Fitzgerald, (London: Bailliere, Tindal & Cox.)" Transactions of the Chichester and West Sussex Natural History and Microscopical Society," March, 1885.-"Testacella Cuvier," and "On Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Dorsetshire," by J. C. Mansel Pleydell, F.L.S.— "The Canadian Entomologist."

COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED UP TO 11TH ULT. FROM :H. V.-G. F. N.-J. G.-J. B.-T. S.-W. E. C.-J. W. H.J. M.-S. L. M.-T. B.-A. H. S.-H. R.-E.-W. W. I.F. M.-T. P.-D. M. H.-A. S. M.-H. C.-B. L.-A. J. D. -J. T. K.-R. E. C.-A. L.-W. K. S.-H. W. S. W. B.A. O.-W. H.-R. E. L.-F. J. W.-H. W. K.-W. C.-J.W. -T. H. M.-W. W. H.-A. S. W.-R. M.-Y.-S. M. M.C. P-T. D. A. C.-C. G.-P. P.-F. H. A.-J. E.-W. LE T. -R. H. W.-E. G.-E. A. S.-F. R. R.-F. S.-F. P. D.S. L.-M. H. R.-J. C.-D. B.-J. W. O.-G. R.-H. P.F. F.-G. B.-W. H. H.-S. C. C.-W. H.-H. P. D.-J. B. -G. E. E.-A. A.-C. D. S.-J. C. S.-J. T. T. R.-A. A. S. -B. H.-J. G.-E. DE C.-R. R.-E. H.-G. H. B.L. G. J. E.-&c., &c.