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The Bundle of Sticks, an Odd Fellow publication, was established in April, 1884, as a fourpage monthly. Its editor was Rev. I. F. Stidham and its assistant editor Cyrus Huling, while its business managers were Messrs. Charles Young and L. W. Sherwood. The success of the paper was such that, with the third number, the size was changed from four to eight pages. When, in September, 1884, Rev. Mr. Stidham left the city to accept the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, at Cincinnati, Cyrus Huling became the editor and C. H. Lyman the assistant editor. A few months later Mr. Huling retired to make the canvass for Prosecuting Attorney, and Mr. Lyman became the editor, a position which he has filled ever since. About this time the Gazette Printing House bought the paper and continued its publication, with Mr. Lyman as editor. No subsequent change has taken place.

The Washingtonian is a monthly paper established in 1889 as the organ of the Patriotic Order of Sons of America. It is a private enterprise, and is now owned and edited by C. C. Haskins.

The periodical of greatest literary pretensions ever published in this city was doubtless the Hesperian, or Western Monthly Magazine, the publication of which was begun in May, 1838. The organizers of the understaking were William D. Gallagher and Otway Curry, both of whom were men of culture and literary talent. At the end of six months, when the first volume had been completed, Mr. Curry retired and Mr. Gallagher continued to edit the magazine in this city for another six months, but in May, 1839, removed it to Cincinnati, where he continued its publication for some time. The Hesperian was a respectable periodical of eighty pages to each number. About half of its space was devoted to original contributions, all of which were of a statistical and historical rather than of a light and entertaining nature. It was, in fact, a boast of the editor, made in his editorial announcing the change of place of publication from Columbus to Cincinnati, that the "useful and solid had greatly predominated over the light and simply amusing" in the contents of the first two volumes. To give a clearer idea of the tone of the magazine, it may be said that the chief of the contributed articles for the first volume were: "Ohio in 1838," a carefully prepared account of the internal improvements, the literary and scientific institutions, the common school system, the humane asylums, mineral resources, etc., of Ohio; "The Internal Trade of the Mississippi Valley"; "Notes on Texas"; "The Origin of Bituminous Coal"; "The Claims of Universities"; and "The Proper Sphere of Woman." About onethird of the magazine was devoted to miscellany selected from the best European and American periodicals, but if there was at that time anything light in these latter publications, it did not find its way into the pages of the Hesperian. The remainder of the magazine was devoted to the editorial and literary departments, abounding in stately periods and sober discussion of serious questions. The magazine bore the imprint of Charles Scott and John M. Gallagher, Printers, 45 State Street, a location which was just west of High Street.

The Modern Argo was established in July, 1878, by S. H. Dooley, as a literary and society weekly. It was intended as a highclass journal, and it was everything that it should have been typographically, but the publisher was a comparative

stranger, and the class of people to whom he appealed was unresponsive. In the following December the paper was discontinued.

In 1884, W. Farrand Felch, well known by reason of his numerous contributions to Columbus newspapers and periodicals, printed a few numbers of the Western Critic. Early in 1885, Mr. Felch, Mr. James M. Kerr and Mr. Thomas C. Harbaugh united their forces and decided to enlarge the Critic. They called the remodeled periodical, The Inland Monthly, and issued four numbers, which were excellent in typography and materials. Lack of patronage, however, forced the discontinuance of the periodical, and soon afterwards Mr. Felch went to Hartford, Connecticut, Mr. Kerr to Minneapolis and thence to Rochester, New York, and Mr. Harbaugh back to his home in the Miami Valley, where he has since been engaged in the production of poetry and fiction which have found their way into various publications.

The Saturday Critic was established by Colonel W. A. Taylor in April, 1882, and was published for just one year, being discontinued to permit Colonel Taylor to accept the position of staff correspondent of the Cincinnati News-Journal, The Critic was an eightcolumn folio, and was devoted to literature, art and general criticism. Colonel Taylor was its proprietor, publisher and editor. W. Farrand Felch was assistant editor, V. E. Hanna circulation agent, and C. F. McKenna advertising solicitor. The Critic had quite a staff of contributors, among whom were F. E. and W. E. Denton, now of Cleveland; John W. Cooper of Pennsylvania ; Mattie E. Owens, of Missouri; William J. O'Leary and Minnie Owrey, of Pittsburgh; Colonel James Taylor, brother of the editor, and two foreign correspondents Millikin Pasha, at Cairo, Egypt, and Albert Rhoades, then located at Nice, France. The Critic, in the year of its publication, paid expenses, which is probably more than can be said of most of the literary publications of Columbus.

The Home Journal was a monthly, published first in 1880, by J. C. McClenahan. In March, 1881, a partnership was formed for its further publication, the partners being Mr. McClenahan, Rev. F. W. Gunsaulus, E. M. Lincoln and Joseph Ruffner, the latter of Cincinnati. Mr. McClenahan was business manager and Messrs. Gunsaulus and Lincoln were the editors. The publication was shortlived. The Saturday Dial was a most creditable literary, musical and society journal, the publication of which was begun here by Mr. Goddard, of St. Louis, the latter part of April, 1887. It was suspended after four issues, May 28, 1887.

The Ohio Law Journal was founded by Charles G. Lord and J. H. Bowman in 1880. It was a weekly publication devoted, as its name implies, to the interests of the legal profession. It gave in full the decisions of the State Supreme Court, and had departments devoted to the discussion of current legal questions. Mr. Lord retired from the firm in 1882, and Mr. Bowman then organized a stock company for the continuance of the publication. Of this company, William A. Davidson, of Cincinnati, was president; F. Siegel, of Columbus, vice-president, and J. II. Bowman, secretary, treasurer and general manager. The company very soon lost faith in Mr. Bowman and retired him from the management, but permitted him to remain as a director. Mr. Lord was called to take the position thus made vacant. Mr. Bowman did not take his retirement in good part, and made much

trouble for the management. After a turbulent meeting of the directors, December 10, 1883, in which bloodshed was prevented only by the interference of the police, the affairs of the company were put into the hands of O. T. Gunning as receiver, who, on March 14, 1884, sold the property to George M. Brand, acting for the publishers of the Cincinnati Law Bulletin. The latter, having got a rival with an unsavory record out of the way, established a publication office here and began publication of the Weekly Law Bulletin and Ohio Law Journal. The paper is still issued as of Cincinnati and Columbus by the Capital Printing and Publishing Company, with Carl G. Jahn as editor and general manager.

The Ohio School Journal, a monthly, was established here January 1, 1848, and published for a short time.

In 1852, the Ohio Journal of Education was established by the State Teachers' Association, and was published monthly, beginning in February. It was edited for a time by Doctor A. D. Lord, Superintendent of the Public Schools of Columbus, assisted by six of the ablest practical teachers of the State. In 1860, this jour nal was succeeded by the Ohio Teachers' Monthly, which was published for a time. by F. W. Hurtt & Co. (Anson Smythe and F. W. Hurtt).

The Lantern is a paper published for and by the students of the Ohio State University. The first number appeared in 1881, its founders being Fred Keffer, R. H. Pool, F. Howald, F. W. Fay, and W. K. Cherryholmes. It was in a little red frame house on West Ninth Avenue that these students met and arranged for the establishment of the paper. W. K. Cherryholmes was the first editorinchief, and his successors thus far have been Messrs. Fassig, C. C. Miller, W. R. Malone, McMurray, George Smart, W. P. Bently, V. J. Emory, H. T. Stephens, J. A. Wilgus, Harry Hedges, John A. Brownocker and Carl G. Doney. The Lantern was at first published monthly, and afterwards fortnightly, but is now issued weekly. The Spectator is the organ of the students of Capital University, the Lutheran educational institution located on East Main Street. It was established in 1886. Its present editor is A. O. Swinehart.

The Mutes' Chronicle is a little paper issued from the printing office of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The principal of the school is its editor, and much of the writing, typesetting and other work on the paper is done by the pupils. The paper furnishes a medium of communication between the present and the former pupils of the institution.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

THE PRESS. II.

BY OSMAN C. HOOPER.

The story of journalism in this city is an interesting one, but has heretofore been but meagerly told. The early editor, or printer as he often called himself and was called by others, had no easy task. He was the victim of storms, delayed mails, and scarcity of materials even to the rags of which paper was made. All of the early papers were weeklies, and each had its regular day of publication, but announcement was often made in some special way that publication would be made on the most convenient day of the week. This irregularity was usually not a matter of choice; nevertheless publication was often deferred to enable the editor to attend to some business which he considered more important. The uncertainty of news transmission was a frequent cause of embarrassment and delay. A paper worth reading could not be printed when the mails furnished no Eastern exchanges to clip from. Even when exchanges were received the publisher might have no ink, or be unable to get a supply of paper because the paper mill could get no raw materials. Sometimes, too, the journeyman printers, who were numerous, would unexpectedly leave the editor in the lurch. The Freeman's Chronicle of November 17, 1812, contained the following apologetic statement:

none too

For some time past the Chronicle has not been as interesting and useful to its readers as the editor always designed to render it. Sickness in his family, his own long indisposition, the recent pressure of extra work and the impossibility of procuring mechanical assistance have been the only impediments which have caused this deficiency. Having now surmounted the greater part of these obstacles, the public are assured that every exertion will be made at this all-important crisis to furnish them with the most early and correct intelligence which the very eligible situation of Franklinton at present affords. At no point, perhaps, in the Western States will more facilities unite, than at this, to collate all the particulars relative to the operations of the Northwest Army; and as soon as they transpire, it will be our task to communicate them to our readers as speedily as possible. We shall be carefully guarded against such idle rumors and marvelous tales as alternately amused, agitated and tantalized the public mind during Hull's Quixotic campaign.

This was followed by the statement in the next issue, that " a most unexpected disappointment in receiving our customary supply of paper compels us to issue only a half sheet, this week, and to omit several advertisements which ought to have been inserted."