fhall be fubject, for fuch defect, to confifcation; but it shall be lawful for proprietors to take back again fuch goods as were omitted in the entry or declaration of the mafter of the fhip, paying only the accuftomed duties according to the placart, provided always that there be no manifeft appearance of fraud: neither fhall the merchants or the mafters of fhips, or the merchandize, be fubject to any penalty, by reafon of fuch omiffion, in cafe the goods omitted in the declaration hall not have been landed before the delaration has been made. Art. XI. In cafe either of the two high contracting parties fhall think proper to establish prohibitions, or to augment the import duties upon any goods or merchandize of the growth or manufacture of the other, which are not specified in the tariff, fuch prohibitions or augmentations fhall be general, and fhall compre. hend the like goods and merchandizes of the other moft favoured European nations, as well as thofe of either ftate; and in cafe either of he two contracting parties fhall revoke the prohibitions, or diminish the duties in favour of any other European nation, upon any goods or merchandize of its growth or manufacture, whether on importation or exportation, fuch revocations or diminutions fhall be extended to the fubjects of the other party, on condition that the latter fhall grant to the fubjects of the former the importation and exportation of the like goods and merchandizes under the fame duties; the cafes referved in the VIIth article of the prefent treaty always excepted. Art. XII. And forafmuch as a certain ufage, not authorized by any law, has formerly obtained in divers parts of Great Britain and France, by which French fubjects have paid in England a kind of capitation tax; called in the language of that country; head-money; and English subjects a like duty in France, called argent du chef; it is agreed that the faid impoft fhall not be demanded for the future, on either fide, neither under the ancient name, nor under any other name whatsoever. Art. XIII. If either of the high contracting parties has granted, or fhall grant, any bounties for encouraging the exportation of any articles, being of the growth, produce, or manufacture of his dominions, the other party fhall be allowed to add to the duties already impofed, by virtue of the present treaty, on the faid goods and merchandizes, imported into his dominions, fuch an import duty as fhall be equivalent to the faid bounty. But this ftipulation is not to extend to the cafes of reftitutions of duties and impofts (called drawbacks), which are allowed upon exportation. Art. XIV. The advantages granted by the prefent treaty to the fubjects of his Britannic majefty fhall take effect, as far as relates to the kingdom of Great Britain, as foon as laws fhall be paffed there for fecuring to the subjects of his Most Chriftian majefty the reciprocal enjoyment of the advantages which are granted to them by the present treaty. And the advantages granted by all these articles, except the tariff, fhall take effect, with regard to the kingdom of Ireland, as foon as laws fhall be paired there for fecuring to the fubjects of his Most Christian majefty the reciprocal enjoyment of the advantages which are granted to them by this treaty; and, in like manner, the advantages granted by the tariff fhall take effect, in what relates to the faid kingdom, as foon as laws fhall be paffed there for giving effect to the faid tariff. Art. XV. It is agreed, that fhips belonging to his Britannic majesty's fubjects, arriving in the dominions of his Moft Chriftian majefty, from the port of Great Britain or Ireland, or from any other foreign port, fhall not pay freight duty or *any other like duty. In the fame manner, French fhips fhall be exempted in the dominions of his Britannic majefty, from the duty of five fhillings, and from every other fimilar duty or charge. XVI. It fhall not be lawful for any foreign privateers, not being fubjects of either crown, who have commiffions from any other prince or ftate, in enmity with either nation, to arm their fhips in the ports of either of the faid two kingdoms, to fell what they have taken, or in any other manner whatever to exchange the fame; neither fhall they be allowed even to purchase victuals, except fuch as shall be neceffary for their going to the neareft port of that prince from whom they have obtained commiffions. Art. XVII. When any difpute fhall arife between any commander of a fhip and his feamen, in the ports of either kingdom, concerning wages due to the faid feamen, or other civil caufes whatever, the magiftrate of the place fhall require no more from the perfon accused, than that he give to the accufer a declaration in writing, witneffed by the magiftrate, whereby he fhall be bound to answer that matter before a competent judge in his own country; which being done, it fhall not VOL. XXVIII. be lawful for the feamen to defert their fhip, or to hinder the commander from profecuting his voyage. It fhall moreover be lawful for the merchants in the places of their abode, or elsewhere, to keep books of their accounts and affairs, as they fhall fee fit, and to have an intercourfe of letters, in.fuch language or idiom as they fhall chufe, without any moleftation or fearch whatfoever. But if it should happen to be neceffary for them to produce their books of accounts for deciding any difpute or controverfy, in fuch cafe they fhall be obliged to bring into court the entire books or writings, but fo as the judge may not have liberty to take cognizance of any other articles in the faid books than fuch as fhall relate to the affair in question, or fuch as fhall be neceffary to give credit to the faid books; neither fhall it be lawful, under any pretence, to take the faid books or writings forcibly out of the hands of the owners, or to retain them, the cafe of bankruptcy only excepted. Nor fhall the fubjects of the king of Great Britain be obliged to write their accounts, letters, or other inftruments relating to trade, on ftamped paper, except their daybook, which, that it may be produced as evidence in any law-fuit, ought, according to the laws which all perfons trading in France are to obferve, to be indorsed and attested gratis by the judge, under his own hand. Art. XVIII. It is further agreed and concluded, that all merchants, commanders of fhips, and others, the fubjects of the king of Great Britain, in all the dominions of his Moft Chriftian majefty in Europe, fhall have full liberty to manage [$] their their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the management of whomfoever they pleafe; nor fhall they be obliged to employ any interpreter or broker, nor to pay them any falary, unless they fhall chufe to employ them. Moreover, mafters of fhips fhall not be obliged, in loading or unloading their fhips, to make use of those persons who may be appointed by public authority for that purpose, either at Bourdeaux or elsewhere; but it fhall be entirely free for them to load or unload their fhips by themfelves, or to make use of such perfon or perfons in loading or unloading the fame, as they fhall think fit, without the payment of any reward to any other whomsoever; neither fhall they be forced to unload into other fhips, or to receive into their own, any merchandize whatever, or to wait for their lading any long. er than they pleafe. And all the fubjects of the Moft Chriftian king fhall reciprocally have and enjoy the fame privileges and liberties, in all the dominions of his Britannic majefty in Europe. Art. XIX. The fhips of either party being laden, failing along the coafts of the other, and being forced by ftorm into the havens or ports, or making land there in any other manner whatever, fhall not be obliged to unlade their goods, or any part thereof, or to pay any duty, unless they, of their own accord, unlade their goods there, and fell fome part thereof. But it fhall be lawful, permiffion having been firft obtained from thofe who have the direction of maritime affairs, to unlade and fell a fmall part of their cargo, merely for the end of purchafing neceffaries, either for victualling or refitting the fhip; and in that cafe the whole lading fhall not be fubject to pay the duties, but that small part only which fhall have been taken out and fold. Art. XX. It fhall be lawful for all the fubjects of the king of Great Britain, and of the Moft Christian king, to fail with their fhips, with perfect fecurity and liberty, no diftinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandizes laden thereon, from any port whatever, to the countries which are now, or fhall be hereafter at war with the king of Great Britain, or the Moft Chriftian king. It fhall likewife be lawful for the aforesaid fubjects to fail and traffic with their fhips and merchandizes, with the fame liberty and security, from the countries, ports, and places of those who are enemies of both, or of either party, without any oppofition or disturbance whatsoever, and to pafs directly not only from the places of the enemy aforementioned to neutral places, but alío from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurifdiction of the fame, or of feveral princes. And as it has been ftipulated concerning fhips and goods, that every thing thall be deemed free, which fhall be found on board the ships belonging to the fubjects of the refpective kingdoms, although the whole lading, or part thereof, fhould belong to the enemies of their majefties, contraband goods being always excepted, on the ftopping of which fuch proceedings fhall be had as are conformable to the spirit of the following articles; it is likewise agreed, that the fame liberty be extended to perfons who are on board a free fhip, to the end that, al though though they be enemies to both, or to either party, they may not be taken out of fuch free fhips, unless they are foldiers, actually in the service of the enemies, and on their voyage for the purpose of being employed in a military capacity, in their feets or armies. Art. XXI. This liberty of navigation and commerce fhall extend to all kinds of merchandizes, excepting thofe only which are specified in the following article, and which are described under the name of contraband. Art. XXII. Under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, fhall be comprehended arms, cannon, harquebuffes, mortars, petards, bombs, grenades, fauciffes, carcaffes, carriages for cannon, musket-refts, bandoleers, gunpowder, match, faltpetre, ball, pikes, fwords, headpieces, helmets, cutlaffes, halberds, javelins, holtfters, belts, horfes and harness, and all other like kinds of arms and warlike implements fit for the use of troops. Art. XXIII. These merchandizes which follow fhall not be reckoned among contraband goods, that is to fay; all forts of cloth, and all other manufactures of wool, flax, filk, cotton, or any other materials, all kinds of wearing apparel, together with the articles of which they are ufually made, gold, filver, coined or uncoined, tin, iron, lead, copper, brafs, coals, as alfo wheat and barley, and any other kind of corn and pulfe, tobacco, and all kinds of fpices, falted and fmoaked flesh, falted fish, cheese and butter, beer, oil, wines, fugar, all forts of falt, and of provifions which ferve for fuftenance and food to mankind; alfo all kinds of cotton, cordage, cables, fails, failcloth, hemp, tallow, pitch, tar, and rofin, anchors and any parts of anchors, fhip mafts, planks, timber of all kinds of trees, and all other things proper either for building or repairing fhips. Nor fhall any other goods whatever, which have not been worked into the form of any inftrument, or furniture for warlike use, by land or by fea, be reputed contraband, much lefs fuch as have been already wrought and made up for any other purpose. All which things shall be deemed goods not contraband, as likewife all others which are not comprehended and particularly defcribed in the preceding article; fo that they may be freely carried by the fubjects of both kingdoms, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only fuch places as are befieged, blocked up, or invested. Art. XXIV. To the end that all manner of diffenfions and quarrels may be avoided and prevented on both fides, it is agreed, that in cafe either of their majefties fhould be engaged in a war, the fhips and veffels belonging to the fubjects of the other fhall be furnished with fea-letters or paffports, expreffing the name, property, and bulk of the fhip, as alfo the name and place of abode of the mafter or commander, of the faid fhip, that it may appear thereby that the fhip really and truly belongs to the fubjects of one of the princes; which paffports shall be made out and granted, according to the form annexed to the present treaty: they fhall likewife be renewed every year, if the fhip happens to return home within the space of a year. It is alfo agreed, that fuch fhips when laden are to be provided not only with passports as above mentioned, but also with certificates containing the several par[S] 2 ticulars threaten an interruption to the tranquillity of Europe have been brought to an amicable conclufion; and that your majefty continues to receive from foreign powers the ftrongeft affurances of their friendly difpofition towards this country. We are deeply fenfible of the bleffings which we experience from the enjoyment of peace, in the extenfion of trade, the improvement of the revenue, and the increase of the public credit of the nation: and your majefty may rely on the utmoft exertion of our zeal and industry for the farther advancement of these important objects. In order to promote, as far as in us lay, the common interefts of all your majefty's fubjects, we humbly laid before your majesty, in the last feffion of parliament, feveral refolutions, as the bafis of an adjuftment of the commercial intercourfe between Great Britain and Ireland; but, as no effectual ftep has been hitherto taken thereupon by the parliament of that kingdom, we do not find ourselves at prefent enabled to make any farther progress in that falutary work. We cannot refrain from offering the warmest expreffions of our gratitude for your majefty's gracious affurances of your earnest with to enforce economy in every department: we shall be equally ready, at all times, to make fuch provifion as may be neceffary for every branch of the public fervice, particularly for maintaining the naval ftrength of these kingdoms on the moft fecure and refpectable footing. Fully impreffed with the neceflity of eftablishing a fixed plan for the reduction of the national debt, we fhall lofe no time in entering on that important confideration; and it will in obedience to his majesty's commands, I meet you again in perliament. You will, I am perfuaded, give your utmoft attention to the various objects of public concern, which require your confideration. Your natural folicitude for the welfare of Ireland, and a full fense of her real interefts, will direct all your deliberations, and |