not make the fountain of your wit play upon me and wet me.' He sometimes could not bear being teased with questions. I was once present when a gentleman asked so many, as, 'What did you do, sir?'-'What did you say, sir?' that he at last grew enraged, and said, 'I will not be put to the question. Don't you consider, sir, that these are not the manners of a gentleman? I will not be baited with what and why; what is this? what is that? why is a cow's tail long? why is a fox's tail bushy?' The gentleman, who was a good deal out of countenance, said, 'Why, sir, you are so good, that I venture to trouble you.' JOHNSON: 'Sir, my being so good is no reason why you should be so ill.' Talking of the Justitia hulk at Woolwich, in which criminals were punished by being confined to labour, he said, 'I do not see that they are punished by this: they must have worked equally, had they never been guilty of stealing. They now only work; so, after all, they have gained; what they stole is clear gain to them; the confinement is nothing. Every man who works is confined: the smith to his shop, the tailor to his garret.' BOSWELL: And Lord Mansfield to his Court.' JOHNSON: Yes, sir. You know the notion of confinement may be extended, as in the song, "Every island is a prison." There is, in Dodsley's collection, a copy of verses to the author of that song.' Smith's Latin verses on Pococke, the great traveller,' were mentioned. He repeated some of them, and said they were Smith's best verses. He talked with an uncommon animation of travelling into distant countries; that the mind was enlarged by it, and that an acquisition of dignity of character was derived from it. He expressed a particular enthusiasm with respect to visiting the wall of China. I catched it for the moment, and said I really believed I should go and see the wall of China, had I not children, of whom it was my duty to take care. 'Sir,' said he, by doing so, you would do what would be of importance in raising your children to eminence. There would be a lustre reflected upon them from your spirit and curiosity. They would be at all times regarded as the children of a man who had gone to view the wall of China-I am serious, sir.' When we had left Mr. Scott's, he said, 'Will you go home with me?'-'Sir,' said I, 'it is late; but I'll go with you for three minutes.' JOHNSON: Or four.' We went to Mrs. Williams's room, where we found Mr. Allen, the printer, who was the landlord of his house in Bolt Court, a worthy, obliging man, and his very old acquaintance; and what was exceed 1 Smith's verses are on Edward Pococke, the great Oriental linguist. He travelled, it is true; but Dr. Richard Pococke, late Bishop of Ossory, who published Travels through the East, is usually called the great traveller.-KEARNEY. ingly amusing, though he was of a very diminu tive size, he used, even in Johnson's presence, to imitate the stately periods and slow and solemn utterance of the great man. I this evening boasted that although I did not write what is called stenography, or short-hand, in appropriated characters devised for the purpose, I had a method of my own of writing half words, and leaving out some altogether, so as yet to keep the substance and language of any discourse which I had heard so much in view, that I could give it very completely soon after I had taken it down. He defied me, as he had once defied an actual short-hand writer; and he made the experiment by reading slowly and distinctly a part of Robertson's History of America, while I endeavoured to write it in my way of taking notes. It was found that I had it very imperfectly; the conclusion from which was, that its excellence was principally owing to a studied arrangement of words, which could not be varied or abridged without an essential injury. On Sunday, April 12, I found him at home before dinner; Dr. Dodd's poem, entitled Thoughts in Prison, was lying upon his table. This appearing to me an extraordinary effort by a man who was in Newgate for a capital crime, I was desirous to hear Johnson's opinion of it; to my surprise he told me he had not read a line of it. I took up the book, and read a passage to him. JOHNSON: Pretty well, if you are previously disposed to like them.' I read another passage, with which he was better pleased. He then took the book into his own hands, and having looked at the prayer at the end of it, he said, 'What evidence is there that this was composed the night before he suffered? I do not believe it.' He then read aloud where he prays for the King, etc., and observed, 'Sir, do you think that a man, the night before he is to be hanged, cares for the succession of a royal family?-Though he may have composed this prayer then. A man who has been canting all! his life, may cant to the last.-And yet a man, who has been refused a pardon, after so much petitioning, would hardly be praying thus fervently for the King.' He and I, and Mrs. Williams, went to dine with the Reverend Dr. Percy. Talking of Gold. smith, Johnson said he was very envious. I defended him, by observing that he owned it frankly upon all occasions. JOHNSON: 'Sir, you are enforcing the charge. He had so much envy that he could not conceal it. He was so full of it that he overflowed. He talked of it, to be sure, often enough. Now, sir, what a man avows he is not ashamed to think; though many a man thinks what he is ashamed to avow. We are all envious naturally; but by checking envy we get the better of it. So we are all thieves naturally; a child always tries to get at what it wants the nearest way. By good in struction and good habits this is cured, till a man has not even an inclination to seize what is another's; has no struggle with himself about it.' And here I shall record a scene of too much heat between Dr. Johnson and Dr. Percy, which I should have suppressed, were it not that it gave occasion to display the truly tender and benevolent heart of Johnson, who, as soon as he found a friend was at all hurt by anything which he had 'said in his wrath,' was not only prompt and desirous to be reconciled, but exerted himself to make ample reparation. Books of travels having been mentioned, Johnson praised Pennant very highly, as he did at Dunvegan, in the Isle of Skye.' Dr. Percy, knowing himself to be the heir male of the ancient Percys, and having the warmest and most dutiful attachment to the noble House of Northumberland, could not sit quietly and hear a man praised who had spoken disrespectfully of Alnwick Castle and the Duke's pleasuregrounds, especially as he thought meanly of his travels. He therefore opposed Johnson eagerly. JOHNSON: Pennant, in what he has said of Alnwick, has done what he intended; he has made you very angry.' PERCY: 'He has said the garden is trim, which is representing it like a citizen's parterre, when the truth is, there is a very large extent of fine turf and gravel walks.' JOHNSON: According to your own account, sir, Pennant is right. It is trin. Here is grass cut elose, and gravel rolled smooth. Is not that trim? The extent is nothing against that; a mile may be as trim as a square yard. Your extent puts me in mind of the citizen's enlarged dinner, two pieces of roast beef and two puddings. There is no variety, no mind exerted in | laying out the ground, no trees.' PERCY: 'He pretends to give the natural history of North- | umberland, and yet takes no notice of the im Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, edit. 3, p. 221.-BOSWELL * See this accurately stated, and the descent of his family from the Earls of Northumberland clearly deduced, in the Reverend Dr. Nash's excellent History of Worcestershire, vol. ii. p. 318. The Doctor has subJoined a note, in which he says, "The Editor hath seen and carefully examined the proofs of all the particulars above mentioned, now in the possession of the Reveread Thomas Percy.' The same proofs I have also myself carefully exsmained, and have seen some additional proofs which hare occurred since the Doctor's book was published; and both as a lawyer accustomed to the consideration of evidence, and as a genealogist versed in the study of pedigrees, I am fully satisfied. I cannot help observing, as a circumstance of no small moment, that a tracing the Bishop of Dromore's genealogy, essential ad was given by the late Elizabeth Duchess of Northamberland, heiress of that illustrious house; a lady not only of high dignity of spirit, such as became her Loble blood, but of excellent understanding and lively talents. With a fair pride I can boast of the honour of her Grace's correspondence, specimens of which adorn Ay archives.-BOSWELL mense number of trees planted there of late.' JOHNSON: That, sir, has nothing to do with the natural history; that is, civil history. A man who gives the natural history of the oak, is not to tell how many oaks have been planted in this place or that. A man who gives the natural history of the cow, is not to tell how many cows are milked at Islington. The animal is the same, whether milked in the park or at Islington.' PERCY: Pennant does not describe well; a carrier who goes along the side of Lochlomond would describe it better.' JOHNSON: 'I think he describes very well.' PERCY: 'I travelled after him.' JOHNSON: And I travelled after him.' PERCY: 'But, my good friend, you are shortsighted, and do not see so well as I do.' I wondered at Dr. Percy's venturing thus. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but inflammable particles were collecting for a cloud to burst. In a little while, Dr. Percy said something more in disparagement of Pennant. JOHNSON (pointedly): This is the resentment of a narrow mind, because he did not find everything in Northumberland.' PERCY (feeling the stroke): 'Sir, you may be as rude as you please.' JOHNSON: Hold, sir! Don't talk of rudeness. Remember, sir, you told me (puffing hard with passion struggling for a vent) I was short-sighted. We have done with civility. We are to be as rude as we please.' PERCY: Upon my honour,. sir, I did not mean to be uncivil.' JOHNSON: 'I cannot say so, sir; for I did mean to be uncivil, thinking you had been uncivil.' Dr. Percy rose, ran up to him, and taking him by the hand, assured him affectionately that his meaning had been misunderstood; upon which a reconciliation instantly took place. JOHNSON: 'My dear sir, I am willing you shall hang Pennant.' PERCY (resuming the former subject): 'Pennant complains that the helmet is not hung out to invite to the hall of hospitality.' never heard that it was a custom to hang out a helmet.' JOHNSON: Hang him up, hang him up.' BOSWELL (humouring the joke): 'Hang out his skull instead of a helmet, and you may drink ale out of it in your hall of Odin, as he is There your enemy; that will be truly ancient. will be Northern Antiquities." JOHNSON: 'He's a Whig, sir; a sad dog (smiling at his own violent expressions, merely for political difference of opinion). Now, I But he's the best traveller I ever It certainly was a custom, as appears from the following passage in Perce Forest, vol. iii. p. 108:'Fasoient mettre au plus hault de leur hostel un heaulme, en signe que tous les gentils hommes et gentilles femmes entrassent hardiment en leur hostel comme en leur propre,' etc.-KEARNEY. The author's second son, Mr. James Boswell, late of Brazen - nose College, in Oxford, and now of the Inner Temple, had noticed this passage in Perce Forest, and suggested to me the same remark.-MALONE. 2 The title of a book translated by Dr. Percy.BOSWELL. read; he observes more things than any one else does.' I could not help thinking that this was too high praise of a writer who traversed a wide extent of country in such haste, that he could put together only curt frittered fragments of his own, and afterwards procured supplemental intelligence from parochial ministers, and others not the best qualified, or most partial narrators, whose ungenerous prejudice against the house of Stuart glares in misrepresentation: a writer who at best treats merely of superficial objects, and shows no philosophical investigation of character and manners, such as Johnson has exhibited in his masterly Journey over part of the same ground; and who, it should seem from a desire of ingratiating himself with the Scotch, has flattered the people of North Britain so inordinately and with so little discrimination, that the judicious and candid amongst them must be disgusted, while they value more the plain, just, yet kindly report of Johnson. have been periods since, in which I should have been, what I now am, a moderate Tory, a supporter, as far as my little influence extends, of a well-poised balance between the crown and people; but should the scale preponderate against the Salus populi, that moment may it be | said, " The dog's a Whig!"" We had a calm after the storm, stayed the evening and supped, and were pleasant and gay. But Dr. Percy told me he was very uneasy at what had passed: for there was a gentleman there who was acquainted with the Northumberland family, to whom he hoped to have appeared more respectable, by showing how intimate he was with Dr. Johnson, and who might now, on the contrary, go away with an opinion to his disadvantage. He begged I would mention this to Dr. Johnson, which I afterwards did. His observation upon it was, 'This comes of stratagem; had he told me that he wished to appear to advantage before that gentleman, he should have been at the top of the house all the time.' He spoke of Dr. Percy in the handsomest manner. 'Then, sir,' said I, may I be allowed to suggest a mode by which you may effectually counteract any unfavourable report of what passed. I will write a letter to you upon the subject of the unlucky contest of that day, and you will be kind enough to put in Having impartially censured Mr. Pennant as a traveller in Scotland, let me allow him, from authorities much better than mine, his deserved praise as an able zoologist: and let me also, from my own understanding and feelings, acknowledge the merits of his London, which, though said to be not quite accurate in some particulars, is one of the most pleasing topo-writing, as an answer to that letter, what you graphical performances that ever appeared in any language. Mr. Pennant, like his countrymen in general, has the true spirit of a gentleman. As a proof of it, I shall quote from his London the passage in which he speaks of my illustrious friend :- I must by no means omit Bolt Court, the long residence of Dr. Samuel Johnson, a man of the strongest natural abilities, great learning, a most retentive memory, of the deepest and most unaffected piety and morality, mingled with those numerous weaknesses and prejudices which his friends have kindly taken care to draw from their dread abode.' I brought on myself his transient anger, by observing that "in his tour in Scotland, he once had long and woeful experience of oats being the food of men in Scotland, as they were of horses in England." It was a national reflection unworthy of him, and I shot my bolt. In return he gave me a tender hug.2 Con amore he also said of me, "The dog is a Whig." I admired the virtues of Lord Russell, and pitied his fall. I should have been a Whig at the Revolution. There 1 This is the common cant against faithful biography. Does the worthy gentleman mean that I, who was taught discrimination of character by Johnson, should have omitted his frailties, and, in short, have bedaubed him as the worthy gentleman has bedaubed Scotland? -BOSWELL. 2 See Dr. Johnson's Journey to the Western Islands, p. 296-See his Dictionary, article Oats :-and my Voyage to the Hebrides, first edit. -PENNANT. Mr. Boswell's Journal. -PENNANT. have now said: and as Lord Percy is to dine with us at General Paoli's soon, I will take an opportunity to read the correspondence in his Lordship's presence.' This friendly scheme was accordingly carried into execution without Dr. Percy's knowledge. Johnson's letter placed Dr. Percy's unquestionable merit in the fairest point of view: and I contrived that Lord Percy should hear the correspondence, by introducing it at General Paoli's, as an instance of Dr. Johnson's kind disposition towards one in whom his Lordship was interested. Thus every unfavour able impression was obviated that could possibly have been made on those by whom he wished most to be regarded. I breakfasted the day after with him, and informed him of my scheme and its happy completion, for which he thanked me in the warmest terms, and was highly delighted with Dr. Johnson's letter in his praise, of which I gave him a copy. He said, 'I would rather have this than degrees from all the universities in Europe. It will be for me, and my children, and grand-children.' Dr Johnson having afterwards asked me if I had given him a copy of it, and being told I had, was offended, and insisted that I should get it back, which I did. As, however, he did not desire me to destroy either the original or the copy, or forbid me to let it be seen, think myself at liberty to apply to it his general declaration to me concerning his own letters,-'That he did not choose they should be published in his lifetime; but had no objection to their appearing after his death.' I shall therefore insert this kindly correspondence, having faithfully narrated the circumstances accompanying it : 'TO DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 'MY DEAR SIR,-I beg leave to address you in behalf of our friend Dr. Percy, who was much hurt by what you said to him that day we dined at his house; when, in the course of the dispute as to Pennant's merit as a traveller, you told Percy that "he had the resentment of a narrow mind against Pennant, because he did not find everything in Northumberland." Percy is sensible that you did not mean to injure him; but he is vexed to think that your behaviour to him on that occasion may be interpreted as a proof that he is despised by you, which I know is not the case. I have told him that the charge of being narrow-minded was only as to the particular point in question; and that he had the merit of being a martyr to his noble family. 'Earl Percy is to dine with General Paoli next Friday; and I should be sincerely glad to have it in my power to satisfy his Lordship how well you think of Dr. Percy, who, I find, apprehends that your good opinion of him may be of very essential consequence; and who assures me that he has the highest respect and the warmest affection for you. 'I have only to add, that my suggesting this occasion for the exercise of your candour and generosity is altogether unknown to Dr. Percy, and proceeds from my goodwill towards him, and my persuasion that you will be happy to do him an essential kindness. I am more and more, my dear sir, your most faithful and affectionate humble servant, 'JAMES BOSWELL.' 'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'April 23, 1778. 'SIR,-The debate between Dr. Percy and me is one of those foolish controversies which begin upon a question of which neither party cares how it is decided, and which is, nevertheless, continued to acrimony, by the vanity with which every man resists confutation. Dr. Percy's warmth proceeded from a cause which perhaps does him more honour than he could have derived from juster criticism. His abhorrence of Pennant proceeded from his opinion that Pennant had wantonly and indecently censured his patron. His anger made him resolve that, for having been once wrong, he never should be right. Pennant has much in his notions that I do not like; but still I think him a very intelligent traveller. If Percy is really offended, I am sorry; for he is a man whom I never knew to offend any one. He is a man very willing to learn, and very able to teach; a man out of whose company I never go without having learned something. It is sure that he vexes me 1 Sunday, April 12, 1778.-BOSWELL sometimes, but I am afraid it is by making me feel my own ignorance. So much extension of mind, and so much minute accuracy of inquiry, if you survey your whole circle of acquaintance, you will find so scarce, if you find it at all, that you will value Percy by comparison. Lord Hailes is somewhat like him, but Lord Hailes does not perhaps go beyond him in research; and I do not know that he equals him in elegance. Percy's attention to poetry has given grace and splendour to his studies of antiquity. A mere antiquarian is a rugged being. 'Upon the whole, you see that what I might say in sport or petulance to him is very consistent with full conviction of his merit.-I am, dear sir, your most, etc., 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'TO THE REVEREND DR. PERCY, NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE. "South Audley Street, April 25. 'DEAR SIR,-I wrote to Dr. Johnson on the subject of the Pennantian controversy; and have received from him an answer which will delight you. I read it yesterday to Dr. Robertson, at the exhibition; and at dinner to Lord Percy, General Oglethorpe, etc., who dined with us at General Paoli's; who was also a witness to the high testimony to your honour. 'General Paoli desires the favour of your company next Tuesday to dinner, to meet Dr. JohnIf I can, I will call on you to-day. I am, with sincere regard, your most obedient, humble servant, 'JAMES BOSWELL."1 son. CHAPTER XLV. 1778. ON Monday, April 13, I dined with Johnson at Mr. Langton's, where were Dr. Porteous, then Bishop of Chester, afterwards of London, and Dr. Stinton. He was at first in a very silent mood. Before dinner he said nothing but 'Pretty baby' to one of the children. Langton said very well to me afterwards, that he could repeat Johnson's conversation before dinner, as Johnson had said that he could repeat a a complete chapter of The Natural History of Iceland, from the Danish of Horrebow, the whole of which was exactly thus:— 'CHAP. LXXII. Concerning Snakes. 'There are no snakes to be met with throughout the whole island.' At dinner we talked of another mode in the 1 Though the Bishop of Dromore kindly answered the letters which I wrote to him relative to Dr. Johnson's early history; yet, in justice to him, I think it proper to add that the account of the foregoing conversation, and the subsequent transaction, as well as of some other conversations in which he is mentioned, has been given to the public without previous communication with his Lordship.-BOSWELL newspapers of giving modern characters in sentences from the classics, and of the passage 'Parcus deorum cultor et infrequens, Consultus erro, nunc retrorsum Vel dare, atque iterare cursus being well applied to Soame Jenyns," who, after having wandered in the wilds of infidelity, had returned to the Christian faith. Mr. Langton asked Johnson as to the propriety of sapientiæ consultus. JOHNSON: Though consultus was primarily an adjective, like amicus it came to be used as a substantive. So we have juris consultus, a consult in law." We talked of the styles of different painters, and how certainly a connoisseur could distinguish them. I asked if there was as clear a difference of styles in language as in painting, or even as in handwriting, so that the composition of every individual may be distinguished? JOHNSON 'Yes. Those who have a style of eminent excellence, such as Dryden and Milton, can always be distinguished.' I had no doubt of this: but what I wanted to know was, whether there was really a peculiar style to every man whatever, as there is certainly a peculiar handwriting, a peculiar countenance, not widely different in many, yet always enough to be distinctive :facies non oinnibus una, Nec diversa tamen.' 3 The Bishop thought not; and said he supposed that many pieces in Dodsley's collection of poems, though all very pretty, had nothing appropriated in their style, and in that particular could not be at all distinguished. JOHNSON: "Why, sir, I think every man whatever has a peculiar style, which may be discovered by nice examination and comparison with others; but a man must write a great deal to make his style obviously discernible. As logicians say, this appropriation of style is infinite in potestate, limited in actu.' Mr. Topham Beauclerk came in the evening, and he and Dr. Johnson and I stayed to supper. It was mentioned that Dr. Dodd had once wished to be a member of the LITERARY CLUB. JOHNSON: 'I should be sorry if any of our club were hanged. I will not say but some of them deserve it.' BEAUCLERK (supposing this to be aimed at persons for whom he had at that time a wonderful fancy, which, however, did not last long) was irritated, and eagerly said: 'You, sir, have a friend (naming him) who deserves to be hanged; for he speaks behind their backs against those with whom he lives on the best terms, and attacks them in the newspapers. 1 Horat. Carm. 1. i. Od. 34. 2 Soame Jenyns was M.P. for Cambridgeshire. His principal works are, A Free Inquiry into the Origin of Evil, and a View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion. He was born in 1704, and died in 1787. 3 Ovid. Met. ii. 13. He certainly ought to be kicked.' JOHNSON: 'Sir, we all do this in some degree: Veniam petimus damusque vicissim." To be sure it may be done so much, that a man may deserve to be kicked.' BEAUCLERK: 'He is very malignant.' JOHNSON: No, sir; he is not malignant. He is mischievous, if you will. He would do no man an essential injury; he may, indeed, love to make sport of people by vexing their vanity. I, however, once knew an old gentleman who was absolutely malignant. He really wished evil to others, and rejoiced at it.' BOSWELL: 'The gentleman, Mr. Beauclerk, against whom you are so violent, is, I know, a man of good principles.' BEAUCLERK: "Then he does not wear them out in practice.' Dr. Johnson (who, as I have observed before, delighted in discrimination of character, and having a masterly knowledge of human nature, was willing to take men as they are, imperfect, and with a mixture of good and bad qualities), I suppose, thought he had said enough in defence of his friend, of whose merits, notwithstanding his exceptionable points, he had a just value; and added no more on the subject. On Tuesday, April 14, I dined with him at General Oglethorpe's, with General Paoli and Mr. Langton. General Oglethorpe declaimed against luxury. JOHNSON: 'Depend upon it, sir, every state of society is as luxurious as it can be. Men always take the best they can get.' OGLETHORPE: But the best depends much upon ourselves; and if we can be as well satisfied with plain things, we are in the wrong to accustom our palates to what is high-seasoned and expensive. What says Addison in his Cato, speaking of the Numidian? "Coarse are his meals, the fortune of the chase; Amid the running stream he slakes his thirst, Let us have that kind of luxury, sir, if you will.' JOHNSON: But hold, sir; to be merely satis fied is not enough. It is in refinement and elegance that the civilised man differs from the savage. A great part of our industry and all our ingenuity is exercised in procuring pleasure; and, sir, a hungry man has not the same pleasure in eating a plain dinner that a hungry man has in eating a luxurious dinner. You see I put the case fairly. A hungry man may have as much, nay, more pleasure in eating a plain dinner, than a man grown fastidious has in cating a luxurious dinner. But I suppose the man who decides between the two dinners to be equally a hungry mạn.' Talking of different governments-JOHNSON: 'The more contracted power is, the more easily it is destroyed. A country governed by a despot |